英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的特點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文寫作一般都有哪些特點(diǎn)呢？以下是小編整理的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的特點(diǎn)，歡迎參考閱讀！
1.時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)較為統(tǒng)一：多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
由于說(shuō)明文往往是對(duì)客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋，而這種客觀的介紹與解釋一般是不隨時(shí)間和空間變化而改變的，比如：說(shuō)明早鍛煉的好處，介紹貓的胡子的功能，解釋臭氧層對(duì)人類生活的影響等等，是不受時(shí)間和空間影響的。因此，盡管有時(shí)為了特殊表達(dá)的要求，會(huì)在個(gè)別地方采用其他時(shí)態(tài)，英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的基本時(shí)態(tài)還是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。下面這篇由香港學(xué)生寫的作文充分反映了說(shuō)明文的這一特點(diǎn)。
The Way to Achieve Success
Many successful people say that they owe much of their success to the cultivation （培養(yǎng)） of certain good habits in early life. In forming good habits， I think we should pay attention to four things， that is， honesty， industry （勤勉）， enthusiasm （熱情）， and thrift （節(jié)儉）。
“Honesty is the best policy”。 This is a proverb to which we must pay attention. There are so many temptations （誘惑） in society that through a little carelessness we may go astray （走入歧途）。 But when we are honest， people will not be dishonest to us.
Industry gives every man and woman， every boy and girl， proper work to do. To do nothing is to ruin oneself.
Enthusiasm is a great force. One's soul will expand if one devotes （貢獻(xiàn)） oneself to a noble cause. The difficulties in our way are tremendous （巨大的）， but what can we not accomplish （取得）， if with enthusiasm？
There are many proverbs which set forth （陳述） the advantages （好處） of thrift. Since we live in a world where money is a very powerful thing， we should always try to save part of our earnings for future use.
These are the four things to which we must pay attention. It is only in this way that we can achieve success.
2.采用客觀表述，避免主觀色彩
由于在很多情況下，說(shuō)明文是對(duì)客觀存在的說(shuō)明與介紹，因此語(yǔ)言的表述也應(yīng)該盡可能地給人以客觀可信的感覺，比如：
�。�1）I think that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
�。�2）It is said that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
相比之下，例（2）的語(yǔ)言要比例（1）的語(yǔ)言客觀一些，容易讓人接受一些。如果再作一些表述上的改動(dòng)：
�。�3）Getting up late is not always a bad thing， according to Franklin Smith， a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
引進(jìn)著名人士作為信息的來(lái)源，可以使想要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容更具有說(shuō)服力。如果我們將例（3）中的always再改為necessarily，就可使整個(gè)句子更客觀、委婉，便于為讀者接受：
�。�4）Getting up late is not necessarily a bad thing， according to Franklin Smith， a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
在英語(yǔ)中，采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，引進(jìn)權(quán)威的信息來(lái)源以及選用委婉的詞語(yǔ)是使說(shuō)明文避免主觀色彩，增加客觀性，從而為讀者接受的重要語(yǔ)言手段
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