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      2. 《詩經(jīng)》英譯本的比較

        時間:2023-06-08 09:28:44 詩經(jīng) 我要投稿
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        《詩經(jīng)》英譯本的比較

          《詩經(jīng)》是中國最早的詩集,英譯本版本眾多,且各具特色。本文將比較其中影響力較大的理雅各譯本和許淵沖譯本。兩位譯者都是頂尖的翻譯大家,但因兩位譯者所處的時代、背景、身份、經(jīng)歷等都不盡相同,且由于各自不同的翻譯目的,兩個譯本之間存在較大的差異。

        《詩經(jīng)》英譯本的比較

          理雅各是完整翻譯《詩經(jīng)》的第一人,強調(diào)忠實原文,翻譯更偏向直譯。其譯本通常不僅包括原詩及其翻譯,還增加了詳盡的解釋和評注,因此譯本較長。而許淵沖的譯本踐行了自己提出的“三美”論(意美、音美、形美)。許淵沖認為翻譯最重要的是要盡可能保持原作的美,為了不損害《詩經(jīng)》的簡潔之美,譯文沒有過多的注釋。

          例1、昔我往矣,楊柳依依。今我來思,雨雪霏霏。

          理譯:And no one knows our sadness.

          At first, when we set out,

          The willows were fresh and green;

          Now, when we shall be returing,

          The snow will be falling in clouds.

          許譯:When I left here,

          Willows shed tear.

          I come back now,

          Snow bends the bough.

          解析:兩種譯本通過不同的詩歌形式,都保留了原詩的意義。理雅各的譯本提供了大量詳細注釋和評論,讀起來更像散文,具有很高的學術(shù)價值。而許淵沖的譯本通過運用韻律,在保留原詩美學的同時,韻腳工整,格律嚴格。

          原詩結(jié)構(gòu)一致,講究押韻。理雅各嚴格遵守原詩的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和順序,但沒有押韻,讀起來更像是富有樂感散文。許淵沖煞費苦心來保留原詩音韻美,譯文韻律格式采用:AABBCC,每行四個音節(jié),雙行押韻,且語言力求簡短。

          例2、彼采葛兮。一日不見,如三月兮。

          彼采蕭兮。一日不見,如三秋兮。

          彼采艾兮。一日不見,如三歲兮。

          理譯:There he is gathering the dolichos! Is like three seasons!

          A day without seeing him There he is gathering the mugwort!

          Is like three months! A day without seeing him

          There he is gathering the oxtail-southerwood! Is like three years!

          A day without seeing him

          許譯:One Day when I See Her Not When her I do not see,

          To gather vine goes she One day seems long as seasons three.

          When her I do not see, To gather herbs goes she.

          One day seems longer than months three. When her I do not see,

          To gather reed goes she. One day seems longer than years three.

          解析:該詩用重調(diào)疊詠的手法形象生動地描寫了相愛青年男女彼此思念的心情。全詩由三節(jié)組成,“一日不見”在每節(jié)重復,其他行也只改動了一個字,情感程度逐漸加深。兩譯本都保留了原詩的重調(diào)疊詠,但實現(xiàn)的方式有所不同。理雅各直譯原詩的每一個詞,詞序沒有發(fā)生任何變化,用詞與結(jié)構(gòu)與原詩完全一致,較為可惜的是沒有像原詩一樣押韻。許淵沖沒有字字對譯,對詞序做了靈活處理,以更好地傳遞原詩字里行間所表露出的深層含義和情感。對于第二節(jié)詠嘆部分“l(fā)ong as"稍作變動,全詩沒有完全一致采用 “l(fā)onger than".

          例3、召南·野有死麕

          野有死麕,白茅包之。有女懷春,吉士誘之。

          林有樸樕,野有死鹿。白茅純束,有女如玉。

          舒而脫脫兮,無感我?guī)溬,無使尨也吠。

          理譯:In the wild there is a dead antelope, And it is bound round with the white grass.

          And it is wrapped up with the white grass. There is a young lady like a gem.

          There is a young lady with thoughts natural to the spring, [She says], Slowly, gently, gently;

          And a fine gentleman would lead her astray. Do not move my handkerchief;

          In the forest there are th scrubby oaks; Do not make my dog bark.

          In the wild there is a dead deer,

          許譯:An antelope is killed He sees the white-drest maid

          And wrapped in white afield. As beautiful as jade.

          A maid for love does long, “O soft and slow, weetheart,

          Tempted by a hunter strong. Don't tear my sash apart!"

          He cuts down trees amain The jadelike maid says,"Hark!

          And kills a deer again. Do not let the dog bark.

          解析:從譯文可以看出理譯和許譯對主題的理解十分不同。理雅各在注解中解釋說該詩告訴我們”一位貞潔的年輕女子如何抵御玩弄女性的騙子的引誘。”理雅各認為詩中的女子拒絕了男子的引誘,因此是個貞潔之人。而許淵沖持不同觀點,譯者認為詩中前段“獵人獵殺一頭鹿,用白茅包好,作為禮物送給女子”便表明兩者認識,女子并未拒接男子。

          由于兩位譯者的翻譯目的不同,譯者自身的經(jīng)歷,時代環(huán)境等等諸多因素都大相徑庭,所以采取的翻譯方法也各不相同。兩種譯文各有所長,對于《詩經(jīng)》翻譯都有很高的借鑒意義和研究價值。

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