如何欣賞英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌呢
英文詩(shī)歌是各種英語(yǔ)文體中最富有激情和感情色彩的一種文體。詩(shī)歌往往用高度凝練的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)詩(shī)人的喜怒哀樂(lè)以及詩(shī)人對(duì)生活和客觀世界的理解和感悟。當(dāng)我們?cè)谛蕾p一首詩(shī)時(shí)，可以通過(guò)文字捕捉到詩(shī)人的內(nèi)心情感。一首優(yōu)秀的詩(shī)可以以其特有的方式影響人們的精神世界。
一、詩(shī)歌的篇幅一般短小精悍，語(yǔ)言精練，感情強(qiáng)烈；在格式上，英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌同漢語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌一樣講究押韻。
詩(shī)的`押韻是指通過(guò)重復(fù)元音或輔音以達(dá)到一定的音韻效果。一首詩(shī)的押韻具有帶規(guī)律性的一致性，尤其是在詩(shī)句的末尾，稱尾韻。下面我們來(lái)看Thomas Nashe的一首詩(shī)：
Spring
Spring, the sweet Spring, is the year’s pleasant king;
Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,
Cold doth not sting, the pretty birds do sing,
Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!
The palm and may make country houses gay,
Lambs frisk and play, the shepherds pipe all day,
And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay,
Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!
The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet,
Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit,
In every street theses tunes our ears do greet,
Cuckoo, jug-jug, pu-we, to-witta-woo!
Spring! the sweet Spring!
這首詩(shī)押韻整齊，讀起來(lái)很有節(jié)奏感， 表現(xiàn)了春天里萬(wàn)物復(fù)蘇、生機(jī)盎然、一派歡樂(lè)祥和的生動(dòng)景象。
二、現(xiàn)代詩(shī)歌可以押韻，也可以不押韻，但需注意兩點(diǎn)：
1. 要有節(jié)奏感。沒(méi)有節(jié)奏感的詩(shī)歌不能算詩(shī)，最多是分行的散文。
2. 要把握句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，也就是詩(shī)句長(zhǎng)短不要相差太遠(yuǎn)，否則讀起來(lái)給人不平衡、不舒服之感。
下面我們欣賞一首現(xiàn)代詩(shī)：
The Significance of Failure
Failure doesn’t mean you are a failure,
It does mean you haven’t succeeded yet.
Failure doesn’t mean you have accomplished nothing,
It does mean you have learned something.
Failure doesn’t mean you have been a fool,
It does mean you had a lot of faith.
Failure doesn’t mean you’ve been disgraced,
It does mean you were willing to try.
Failure doesn’t mean you don’t have it,
It does mean you have to do something in a different way.
Failure doesn’t mean you are inferior,
It does mean you are not perfect.
Failure doesn’t mean you’ve wasted your life,
It does mean you have a reason to start afresh.
Failure doesn’t mean you should give up,
It does mean you must try harder.
Failure doesn’t mean you’ll never make it,
It does mean it will take a little longer.
Failure doesn’t mean God has abandoned you,
It does mean God has a better idea.
這首詩(shī)是Robert Harold Schuller的一篇?jiǎng)?lì)志佳作。這首詩(shī)雖然句尾不押韻，但是由于每句詩(shī)都以排比的形式重復(fù)使用Failure doesn’t mean ... It does mean ...，使得整首詩(shī)節(jié)奏感很強(qiáng)，讀起來(lái)催人奮進(jìn)，使讀者受到感染。
[佳作賞析]
When You Are Old
When you are old and grey and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
And bending down beside the glowing bars,
Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled
And paced upon the mountains overhead
And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.
這首詩(shī)的作者是William Butler Yeats（威廉·巴特勒·葉芝）。葉芝是愛(ài)爾蘭最偉大的詩(shī)人之一 ，對(duì)現(xiàn)代詩(shī)影響很大。這首詩(shī)是葉芝寫(xiě)給自己心愛(ài)之人的情詩(shī)。詩(shī)中的主人公“你”指的是愛(ài)爾蘭革命家Maud Gonne，詩(shī)人遇見(jiàn)她并愛(ài)上她，曾多次向其求婚，均未成功，但詩(shī)人對(duì)她愛(ài)慕終生，于是就有了這篇經(jīng)典之作。
全詩(shī)共三節(jié)，前兩節(jié)均是對(duì)Maud Gonne的愛(ài)意傾訴。第一節(jié)中雖然多次用第二人稱“你”，但實(shí)際上是描述作者自己心中的所思所想。第二節(jié)中詩(shī)人采用了對(duì)比的手法，講述了對(duì)Maud Gonne的愛(ài)慕之情，突出自己永恒的愛(ài)。最后一節(jié)詩(shī)人描述了自己內(nèi)心悲傷的感情。詩(shī)中sleep / deep, book / look, grace / face, bars / stars, fled / overhead這幾組韻調(diào)使詩(shī)歌富于音韻感，有音律美，節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)，讀起來(lái)瑯瑯上口。縱觀全詩(shī)，沒(méi)有華麗的辭藻，也找不到甜蜜的情話，有的只是平淡的文字背后寄予的永恒的愛(ài)意和深情，反而能讓讀者久久回味。
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