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      2. 高考文言句子翻譯學(xué)案 (人教版高三必修五)

        發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-4-13 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

        考綱要求:理解并翻譯文言文中的句子。文言文翻譯是考查考生文言文閱讀能力最直接、最有效的方式,一直以來是高考文言閱讀的重點(diǎn)(02年5分,04年8分,最近幾年一直是10分 )。

        翻譯要求:“信”即字字落實(shí)不走樣;“達(dá)”即文從句順無語病;“雅”即生動(dòng)形象有文采。

        翻譯原則:直譯為主,意譯為輔

        翻譯方法:留、刪、換、補(bǔ)、調(diào)、貫

        課內(nèi)翻譯練習(xí)

        一.翻譯時(shí)注意下列句子中哪些是該“留”的。

        1.荊軻顧笑武陽。                                                              

        2.侶魚蝦而友麋鹿。                                                            

        3.孔子師郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃。                                                    

        4.以相如功大,拜為上卿。                                                      

        二.翻譯時(shí)注意下列句子中哪些是該“刪”的。

        1.壯士一去兮不復(fù)還。                                                          

        2.臣之壯也,猶不如人。                                                        

        3.去來江口守空船。                                                           

        4.夫晉,何厭之有?                                                           

        三.翻譯時(shí)注意下列句子中加點(diǎn)字的意思。

        1.為仲卿母所遣。                                                             

        2.師者,所以傳道受業(yè)解惑也。                                                    

        3.因賓客至藺相如門謝罪。                                                    

        4.沛公欲王關(guān)中。                                                            

        5.范增數(shù)目項(xiàng)王。                                                            

        6.群賢畢至,少長(zhǎng)咸集。                                                      

        7.火尚足以明也。                                                            

        8.雖體解吾猶未變兮。                                                        

        10.此所以學(xué)者不可以不深思而慎取之也。                                        

        11.假舟楫者,非能水也,而絕江河。                                            

        12.小學(xué)而大遺,吾未見其明也。                                                

        13.圣人之所以為圣,愚人之所以為愚,其皆出于此乎?                            

                                                                                     

        14.左右欲刃相如。                                                            

        15.以先國家之急而后私仇也。                                                  

        16.臣誠恐見欺于王而負(fù)趙。                                                      

        四.翻譯時(shí)注意下列句子的語序。

        1.太子及賓客知其事者,皆白衣冠以送之。                                      

                                                                                     

        2.高余冠之岌岌兮,長(zhǎng)余佩之陸離。                                            

        3.師不必賢于弟子,弟子不必不如師。                                          

        4.不拘于時(shí),學(xué)于余。                                                         

        5.蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強(qiáng)。                                                   

        6.求人可使報(bào)秦者,未得。                                                     

        7.不吾知其亦矣兮。                                                           

        8.句讀之不知,惑之不解。                                                     

        五.翻譯時(shí)注意下列句子中省略的內(nèi)容。

        1.若舍鄭以為東道主。                                                         

        2.大王見臣列觀。                                                             

        3.距洞百余步,有碑仆道。                                                     

        4.南取百越之地,以為桂林、象郡。                                             

        課外翻譯練習(xí)

        翻譯下列文言短文中畫線的句子

        一.不死藥

        有獻(xiàn)不死之藥于荊王①者,謁者②操之以入。中射之士③問曰:“可食乎?”曰:“可。”因奪而食之。王大怒,使人殺中射之士。中射之士使人說王曰:“臣問謁者,曰‘可食’,臣故食之,是臣無罪而罪在謁者也。且客獻(xiàn)不死之藥,臣食之而王殺臣,是死藥④也,是客欺王也。夫殺無罪之臣而明⑤人之欺王也,不如釋臣。”王乃不殺。(選自《韓非子說林》)

        [注釋]①荊王:楚王,此指頃襄王,名橫。②謁者:掌管通報(bào)傳達(dá)事宜的人。③中射之士:中射士,宮內(nèi)侍御之臣。④死藥:致人于死的藥。⑤明:表明,顯示。

        1.有獻(xiàn)不死之藥于荊王者。

                                                                               

        2.曰:“可。”因奪而食之。

                                                                               

        3.臣食之而王殺臣,是死藥④也,是客欺王也。

                                                                               

        4.夫殺無罪之臣而明⑤人之欺王也,不如釋臣。

                                                                               

        二.曾子殺彘

        曾子之妻之市,其子隨之而泣。其母曰:“汝還,顧反為汝殺彘!逼捱m市來,曾子欲捕彘殺之。妻止之曰:“特與嬰兒戲耳!痹釉唬骸皨雰悍桥c戲也。嬰兒非有智也,待父母而學(xué)者也,聽父母之教。今子欺之,是教子欺也。母欺子,子而不信其母,非所以成教也。”遂烹彘也。

        1.曾子之妻之市,其子隨之而泣。

                                                                               

        2.嬰兒非與戲也。

                                                                               

        3.今子欺之,是教子欺也。

                                                                               

        4.母欺子,子而不信其母,非所以成教也。

                                                                               

        三.畫鬼易

        客有為齊王畫者,齊王問曰:“畫孰最難者?” 曰:“犬、馬最難! 曰:“孰最易者?” 曰:“鬼魅最易! 曰:“何為?” 曰:“夫犬、馬人所共知也,旦暮罄(顯現(xiàn))于前,不可類之,故難。鬼魅無形者,不罄于前,故易之也!                                                                        

                                                                               

                                                                               

                                                                               

                                                                               

                                                                             

         

        張繼全

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