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<p>斷橋殘?jiān)陆贪?/p><p><strong>斷橋殘?jiān)陆贪?/strong></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" src="https://p.9136.com/00/l/bdccb0b804.jpg" alt="斷橋殘?jiān)陆贪?/></p><p>　　<strong>《斷橋殘?jiān)隆方贪?/strong></p><p>　　<strong>一、教具：F調(diào)葫蘆絲</strong></p><p>　　<strong>二、教學(xué)目的：</strong></p><p>　　通過(guò)教學(xué)，使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步理解《斷橋殘?jiān)隆愤@首曲子的曲意與其表達(dá)曲意所需要的技法，從而進(jìn)一步完善學(xué)生對(duì)曲子的分析能力及表現(xiàn)能力，加深學(xué)員對(duì)民族音樂(lè)的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)，提高學(xué)員的學(xué)習(xí)興趣及鑒賞能力！</p><p>　　<strong>三、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：</strong></p><p>　　《斷橋殘?jiān)隆非铀氡磉_(dá)的思想內(nèi)容及要表達(dá)這些思想內(nèi)容所需要應(yīng)用的技巧！</p><p>　　<strong>四、教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：</strong></p><p>　　1、曲中要表達(dá)的各種情緒(愁緒、凄婉；傾訴；控訴；渲泄；堅(jiān)強(qiáng))，其氣息變化的大小，氣息穩(wěn)定的程度及變化的程度，及各段落氣息整體壓力的大小，都各不相同，要心入曲中進(jìn)行體會(huì)，才能有所感知，才能在吹曲時(shí)有感應(yīng)，‘教案’斷橋殘?jiān)陆贪�。引子�?lè)句較長(zhǎng)，也是不易練好之處。</p><p>　　2、各段落中滑音，不同情緒，滑的強(qiáng)度也不盡相同，要慢慢加以體會(huì)，才能做得更好更準(zhǔn)確。</p><p>　　3、樂(lè)曲的小波音，多為后起波音，這是情緒播散開(kāi)來(lái)的需要。不同段落，波音力度大小，不盡相同，這也是難以把握之處！</p><p>　　<strong>五、教學(xué)課時(shí)：12課時(shí)</strong></p><p>　　<strong>六、教學(xué)過(guò)程</strong></p><p>　　<strong>(一)導(dǎo)入</strong></p><p>　　1、作者背景介紹：李春華大師，現(xiàn)任中國(guó)民族管弦樂(lè)專(zhuān)業(yè)委員會(huì)副會(huì)長(zhǎng)，作品頗豐，先后編寫(xiě)出版的教材有《葫蘆絲巴烏實(shí)用教程》、《葫蘆絲巴烏演湊指南》；教學(xué)碟片有《怎樣演奏好葫蘆絲巴烏》、《怎樣演湊好葫蘆絲巴烏經(jīng)典名曲》等；吹奏表演專(zhuān)輯有《金葫蘆》、《歡樂(lè)的葫蘆絲》、《柔情絲語(yǔ)》、《絲戀》等。為葫蘆絲音樂(lè)的教學(xué)推廣做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)！</p><p>　　2、本曲寫(xiě)作過(guò)程介紹：據(jù)傳，李老師在某日到某處出差，乘夜色而漫步于河堤上，遠(yuǎn)望"雷鋒塔"破敗，愁緒忽然間閃過(guò)心頭，于地寫(xiě)下這首《斷橋殘?jiān)隆�，描�?xiě)了自己從愁緒到堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的心路歷程，教案《‘教案’斷橋殘?jiān)陆贪浮贰?/p><p>　　<strong>(二)教學(xué)方法</strong></p><p>　　首先反復(fù)播放李春華老師的示范曲，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生首先感受愁緒凄婉、傾訴、控訴、渲泄、堅(jiān)強(qiáng)各段落的氣息不同變化，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用心靈來(lái)感受作者當(dāng)時(shí)的心路歷程，讓學(xué)員進(jìn)一步有身臨其境，心入曲中的感覺(jué)！</p><p>　　<strong>1、引子：(2課時(shí))</strong></p><p>　　這一段落每個(gè)樂(lè)句都較長(zhǎng)，有漸快及氣息上的漸強(qiáng)及漸弱變化，還有小滑音及疊音等。這段落的難點(diǎn)就在表達(dá)上，由于F調(diào)的葫蘆比較費(fèi)氣，而本段要求氣息的變化又比較大，一方面要引導(dǎo)學(xué)員把握愁緒凄婉的情緒變化，另一方面，又要引導(dǎo)學(xué)員在每個(gè)換氣點(diǎn)上換氣要充足，在用氣時(shí)，又需要省著用，剛好能表達(dá)就行了。因此，這一段落的練習(xí)需要較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。</p><p>　　<strong>2、慢板(傾訴地)(2個(gè)課時(shí))</strong></p><p>　　這一段落是描寫(xiě)作者有滿腔愁緒，欲與人傾訴的那種心境，全段共18個(gè)小節(jié)，可以分解為四個(gè)部分，每個(gè)部分的音符排列結(jié)構(gòu)基本相似，是同樣愁緒想反復(fù)訴說(shuō)的樣子，要引導(dǎo)學(xué)員處理好曲子中的滑音，滑音要夠夸張，還有小波音，皆吹為后起波音，表達(dá)一種內(nèi)心情向外播散開(kāi)來(lái)，從而強(qiáng)化"傾訴"的音樂(lè)效果！教學(xué)中要先引導(dǎo)學(xué)員唱準(zhǔn)譜，在唱譜中培養(yǎng)"傾訴"感，再進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)移到葫蘆上！</p><p>　　<strong>3、行板(控訴地)(1課時(shí))</strong></p><p>　　這一段落是傾訴那一段落的進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化，屬于情緒漸入高潮的前期，本小節(jié)難度不大，但要注意吹準(zhǔn)附點(diǎn)音符，顫指處，氣需要漸強(qiáng)，練習(xí)時(shí)，要先唱準(zhǔn)譜，再吹奏！如果附點(diǎn)音符沒(méi)吹準(zhǔn)，顫指功夫不足，顫指氣息無(wú)變化，"控訴"的效果就大打折扣了！</p><p>　　<strong>4、快板(渲泄地)(4課時(shí))</strong></p><p>　　這一段落是本曲難點(diǎn)，從曲譜上看，有三吐，不同音雙吐和同度音雙吐，還有小波音，實(shí)指顫音等。練習(xí)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)先慢后快，每個(gè)音都要交代清楚，還要注意樂(lè)句的連貫性，吐音時(shí)，注意音符的跳躍性，要把內(nèi)心的情緒"渲泄"出來(lái)！</p><p>　　<strong>5、收尾(堅(jiān)強(qiáng)地)(1課時(shí))</strong></p><p>　　這一段要注意氣息壓力比前面的慢板要大些，內(nèi)心要有一股"堅(jiān)強(qiáng)"的意念，才能讓吹出來(lái)的音符給人予不倔服感。小波音處，要做成后起波音，以表達(dá)這種堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志的傳達(dá)，滑音處，要恰到好處地夸張！</p><p>　　<strong>6、交流與完善(2課時(shí))</strong></p><p>　　引導(dǎo)學(xué)生互相聽(tīng)，相互感受對(duì)方的演奏，在交流中，逐步完善自己，取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短！從而更進(jìn)一步地提高對(duì)曲子內(nèi)容的表達(dá)能力！</p><p>　　<strong>7、總結(jié)</strong></p><p>　　葫蘆絲這一種樂(lè)器，雖然構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單，但表現(xiàn)力非常豐富，運(yùn)用不同氣息壓力、氣息壓力流動(dòng)變化、波音的后起吹奏、顫指時(shí)氣息的變化等等，可以使曲子內(nèi)容展顯于演奏中，讓音樂(lè)更能振憾人心。引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)，力爭(zhēng)為民族音樂(lè)的發(fā)揚(yáng)光大而做出自己的一份貢獻(xiàn)！</p><script>s("content_relate");</script><p>【斷橋殘?jiān)陆贪浮肯嚓P(guān)文章：</p><p><a 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