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小升初英語作文的寫作技巧
英語寫作和漢語寫作一樣,要寫出好文章除了要有好的內(nèi)容外還少不了好的結(jié)構(gòu),而句子的好壞又取決于選詞造句。小編收集了關(guān)于英語作文的寫作技巧,歡迎閱讀。
一、措辭
1、選擇生動(dòng)準(zhǔn)確的詞
詞是語言的基本單位,人們要表達(dá)思想,就要選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語,這是寫作的基本要求。
詞可分為一般概念的詞(general words)和具體概念的詞(specific words)。表示一般概念的詞含義模糊;表示具體概念的詞含義明確,表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確,生動(dòng)形象。寫作時(shí)合理地使用具體概念的詞能夠使句子表達(dá)的意思準(zhǔn)確,內(nèi)容生動(dòng),更富有感染力。試比較下面各組句子:
(l) A few houses were destroyed yesterday (general)
Five houses burnt down yesterday (specific)
(2)His relatives gave him two gifts(general)
His aunt and uncle gave hima watch and a Pen as the birthday gifts。(specific)
(3) Jack went to the window and looked at the crowd outside(general)
Jack tiptoed to the window and peeped into the room(specific)
上面各組句中,第一個(gè)句子抽象概括,給人以空泛的感覺:第二個(gè)句子用詞具體,有個(gè)件,使人感到意思確切,生動(dòng)逼真。
2、使用英語成語和習(xí)語
人們在長期使用語言的過程中,積累了大量的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。這些成語、習(xí)語內(nèi)涵豐富,語言生動(dòng)活潑。文章中適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@類短語,可避免語言的單調(diào)貧乏,使句子生動(dòng)而富于內(nèi)涵。如:
(l)George has lost his social position since his business failed.
可改為:George has come down in the world since his business failed
(2).Maybe you have time to go to the cinema,but I have more importavt businessto attend to.
可改為:Maybe you have time to go to the cinema,but I have other fish to fry.
3、用詞的寬度
用詞的寬度可以反映出寫作者所掌握的詞匯量。如果一個(gè)人掌握的詞匯量大,那么當(dāng)表達(dá)同一概念有不同的表達(dá)方法時(shí),則可以換一種說法。如:
The teachers maintained that the students should give up love for the sake ofleaming Students,however,hold that fordidding love among college students is nogood.
這兩句話里,謂語分別用了maintain和hold。如果將它們換為think,所表達(dá)的意思相同,但用詞寬度則不如原文。這兩句話中for the sake of,give uP,is no good等都是用詞寬度的表現(xiàn)。
所以在英語寫作中有意識地適當(dāng)增加用詞寬度既能體現(xiàn)學(xué)以致用的原則又能使文章取得良好效果。
二、句子的多樣化
英語中,同一思想用不同句式表達(dá),其效果會(huì)大不相同。要想寫出好的文章,就要不斷地變化句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。
l、長短句交替使用
句子的長短是為表達(dá)思想服務(wù)的。英語短句結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,意思明白具有生動(dòng)活潑而又干脆利索的表達(dá)效果,而長句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,信息豐富,能表達(dá)成熟的思想與復(fù)雜的概念。一味地使用長句或短句會(huì)使文章顯得單調(diào),乏味,從而影響文章的總體效果?茖W(xué)地交替使用長短句使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變化多樣,不僅給文章帶來頓挫起伏的語言美感,而且可以受到理想的修辭效果。請看下面的這段話:
She returned to her office.There was a note under the door. It was from Mr May.He said he was waiting for her in the coffee room.And he bad not found her sister.Hewas sorry to have missed her.
這段話用了一連串的短句,讀起來單調(diào)呆板,平淡無味。為使文字更加生動(dòng),意思更加明確可改為:
When she returned to her office,the found a note from Mr May under the door.He said he was waiting for her in the coffee room and hadnt found her sister yet.Headded that he was sorry to have missed her.
修改后三個(gè)句子長短不一,讀起來就給人以不同的感覺。
又如《大學(xué)英語》第一冊第十課 Going Home,當(dāng)汽車駛至 Brunsnick,車上的年輕人看見黃手帕?xí)r,出現(xiàn)了以下這兩行文字:
Then,suddenly,all of the young people were up out of thelr seats,screamlng andshouting and cryin, doing small dances of joy.All except Vlngo.這兩句話一長(23個(gè)詞)一短(3個(gè)詞),彼此襯托互為凸現(xiàn)。第一句的兩個(gè)and和四個(gè)-ing詞,把熱鬧、喧嘩的氣氛喧染極至,長句之后,蜂回路轉(zhuǎn),一個(gè)僅三個(gè)詞的短句撲入讀者的雙目幾乎沸騰的場面頓時(shí)凝固但其余音未絕,此時(shí)外表雖冷漠,內(nèi)心卻炙熱難當(dāng)。
2、句子開頭的多樣化
“主-謂-賓”、“主-系-表”是英語的基本句型,主語領(lǐng)先句也是用得最多的句型。寫作中為避免形式單一,當(dāng)句子可以用主語開頭,同時(shí)又可以其它結(jié)構(gòu)開頭時(shí),不妨變換一下。如:
(1)Defeated in the minor exchanges,I now play my queen of trumps.(分詞短語做狀語開頭)
(2)There are two ways in which one can own a book.( there be句型開頭)
(3)Equally important is a good habit of reading(表語開頭)
以上各句都可以用主語開句,但在篇章中通過改變句子開頭,文章就會(huì)疏落有致,語言形式豐富多采。
3、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣化
寫作中可以通過句型結(jié)構(gòu)的變化來增添文采,強(qiáng)化表現(xiàn)力。如:
(l) The love of the liberty is the love of the others;the love of power ls thelove of ourselves.
(平行結(jié)構(gòu).這類結(jié)構(gòu)整齊、緊湊;句子生動(dòng)、鮮明,語義貫通、語勢強(qiáng)勁有力。)
(2)The days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation are gone.(這樣表達(dá)文字通順,但語意不很突出。)
改為:Gone are the days when we suffered fron oppression andexploitation.
(采用倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)后,充分體現(xiàn)出受剝削受壓迫的人民解放后揚(yáng)眉吐氣的心情。)
三、觀點(diǎn)切題結(jié)構(gòu)合理
這是寫作中最重要的要求之一它要求寫作開門見山直入主題。如寫一篇談“健康重要性”的文章,提示是1、健康的重要性;2、保持健康的方法;3、我的看法。按要求文章應(yīng)按三個(gè)自然段來寫,而每段開頭都必須是提示的內(nèi)容,因此,三段可以這么開頭:
l.Good health is important to everyone of us.
2.There are many ways which can help build up our health.
3.As for me,I like running as well as playing basketball and football.
除了開門見山以外,論述的內(nèi)容必須與提示保持一致,否則文章的語言再好,也只能算是失敗之作。一般來說,這類文章的每個(gè)自然段都由三部分組成,即主題句,論述句和結(jié)論句。主題句由提示給出,論述句提供觀點(diǎn)來論證主題句,結(jié)論句則是總結(jié)、歸納、概括主提句的觀點(diǎn)。
總之,要寫出一篇好的英語作文不是一朝一夕就能做到的。除了借助以上方法之外,還需從平時(shí)入手,勤寫多練,以提高自己的寫作水平和語言表達(dá)能力。