不用背單詞語法的外語自學(xué)法
Note: I don’t claim that following these instructions will make you fluent. Fluency requires time and immersion. What this post will help you do is become conversant. You will be able to have a simple conversation, ask for directions, order at a restaurant, make small talk, etc. You will also be able to read fairly well with the use of a dictionary. Following these steps will give you a great base in a new language.
聲明：我不保證以下這些方法能讓你的外語流利。要想流利你需要時間和專心練習(xí)。但以下這些步驟能幫你用外語和人交流。你可以和外國人開始簡單的交談、問問路、訂個餐館、或者閑聊什么的。你也基本上可以明白怎么用字典。根據(jù)以下步驟你能有一個學(xué)習(xí)新語言的好基礎(chǔ)。
Course Materials
課程教材
The first step is acquiring the materials you will use to teach yourself. The first thing you need is an audio language course. This is essential for developing your basic vocabulary and, more importantly, your pronunciation.
第一步，你要找一些自學(xué)材料。有聲的語言教程是第一件，這對一開始給你基本的詞匯量、和塑造你的發(fā)音都非常重要。以日語為例，在國內(nèi)很多人喜歡選擇它為第二外語。而我們自學(xué)的教材一般是《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日本語》，現(xiàn)在它出到新版，比老版的內(nèi)容有趣很多。但語法講地極亂！網(wǎng)校的N3全程班是我見過很適合自學(xué)的一個有聲網(wǎng)絡(luò)初級教程，按新版講、但因為有老師帶領(lǐng)，所以在發(fā)音和語法上都能在一開始為初學(xué)者打好基礎(chǔ)。而且網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程時間比較靈活、能隨時隨地上課，比較推薦。點擊免費試聽>>
The next thing you’ll need is a basic grammar guide and a dictionary for the language you want to study. This will help you understand the basic mechanics of the language and the differences and similarities with English. You will use this continuously as a reference.
第二件事，你要去找一本基礎(chǔ)的語法指南和一本該門語言的字典（小編：不廢話！我要學(xué)日語還能去買一本法語字典啊……）。這些能幫你了解這門語言的基本架構(gòu)，以及它和你母語的相似和不同之處。以后你會不斷用它做參考。
You should also get some interesting books in the language. For me this is a huge motivator because reading something interesting is much more rewarding than reading a text book. The way to go in the beginning is dual language books. This allows you to start reading great books without having to reach for a dictionary every other word. It is also great for learning idioms, expressions, and verb tenses.
你還應(yīng)該去買一些該語言的有趣書籍（比如“達(dá)芬奇密碼”一類>>）。對我來說，比起讀教材，還是讀有趣書籍的動力大些。要起步可以買雙語的書籍。這樣你開始讀的時候就不會老查字典。同樣，閱讀也能幫你學(xué)到不少慣用語、表達(dá)方式和動詞時態(tài)。
Getting Started
開始學(xué)習(xí)
Once you have your materials you are ready to learn. Start off by doing the first lesson of your audio language course. Continue doing a lesson a day. You can do these on your commute or while you exercise to save time.
當(dāng)你買齊所需的材料時，就要開始有聲教程的第一課了，堅持每天一課。你可以在上下學(xué)/班途中學(xué)習(xí)，或者在做運動時學(xué)習(xí)以節(jié)省時間。
In conjunction with this you should read your introductory grammar guide. This will give you a foundation in the language and help you learn the different parts of speech and their English equivalents. Don’t worry about memorizing every single rule. It simply isn’t possible. The idea is to get a general understanding first. This is the most boring part of the process, but don’t give up because it’s well worth it.
作為補充，你也要開始讀基礎(chǔ)語法指南。語法能讓你了解這門語言的基礎(chǔ)、幫你學(xué)習(xí)該語言與你母語的相同和不同之處。不用擔(dān)心記不住每條語法規(guī)則，因為要全部記住也不可能。要你去看語法的本意是為了讓你有個大致的了解。這部分大概會是學(xué)習(xí)中最煩人，但不要放棄，因為以后會非常有用。
Making Progress
進(jìn)階學(xué)習(xí)
When you finish the grammar guide you will also have completed several days of audio lessons. At this point you will feel much better about your learning ability. You will know the important basic phrases and speak much more naturally. This method of learning is much more effective than traditional school teaching because you are actively engaged the entire time. The audio lessons force you to listen and speak more than I ever did in school.
當(dāng)你把語法書看完，有聲教程的第一階段差不多也該學(xué)完了。到這個階段你對自己的學(xué)習(xí)能力就會比較有信心了。你知道了基本的表達(dá)方式、說的也自然多了。這種自學(xué)的方式比傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)更有效率，因為你完全投入在學(xué)習(xí)過程中。比起學(xué)校，這種有聲課程是在逼著你去多說、多聽。
Now it’s time to start reading those dual language books. Digging into some interesting material will build your vocabulary. Whenever possible always read aloud. This helps your speech, memorization, and makes you start thinking in the new language. I’ve found reading and doing the audio lessons concurrently enhances both experiences. During the lessons, being able to visualize words makes them easier to understand.
現(xiàn)在，是時候開始讀那些雙語書了。把自己完全沉浸在有趣的閱讀材料里能大大提高你的詞匯量。如果可能，盡量大聲朗讀出來。這能幫助你提高口語、記憶能力和開始用這門新的'語言思考。我發(fā)現(xiàn)跟著有聲教程走能同時增進(jìn)我多方面的能力。學(xué)習(xí)的時候，詞匯被視覺化、能更好地理解記憶。
Don’t be in a rush. Read slowly and reread until you understand. Don’t hesitate to look up verb conjugations in your grammar guide. The same goes for the audio lessons. If you have trouble with a lesson, repeat it the next day. As the lessons get more complicated, I start doing them twice. The second time is actually more enjoyable.
不要急，慢慢讀、直到讀懂為止。別急著去查語法書弄懂那些動詞變化。在聽有聲教程的時候也記得如此。如果你在學(xué)某一課的時候感覺吃力，那么第二天就再重復(fù)學(xué)一次。當(dāng)課程變得越來越復(fù)雜，我就會聽兩遍。實際上第二次這個過程是很享受的。
Be consistent
要堅持下去！
It is extremely important to study for a short time every day. Daily repetition makes the language second nature. It is much better to read for a short time every day than to put in several hours once or twice a week. When you get a spare minute, try finding new things to read online. You will be surprised how good your comprehension is.
每天花一點時間學(xué)習(xí)是很重要的。（小編：老話怎么說來著，三天不讀口生）每日的重復(fù)能使一門語言變得自然。堅持每天閱讀一小段時間，比每次讀幾小時、但每星期一兩次的效果要來的好。當(dāng)你閑的時候，在線找一點新東西閱讀（比如最好的閱讀資源就在咱了，哈哈）。堅持下來，你會被自己的能力嚇到，呵呵。
After a few months of consistent practice you will really start to see progress. Beautiful foreign phrases will be stuck in your head, your pronunciation will be damn near decent, and you will be able to read and understand whole paragraphs. Once you make it this far, you’ll have some serious momentum going. You will understand more than you ever did in school and you won’t want to stop.
在堅持了幾個月后你就能看到真正的進(jìn)步。那些漂亮的外語表達(dá)會回蕩在你腦中，而你的發(fā)音也會很接近地道，并且，這時你已經(jīng)能讀懂整段整段的文字了！當(dāng)你自學(xué)到這一步，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些里程碑式的進(jìn)展，你會比學(xué)校的正規(guī)教學(xué)進(jìn)步很多，并且你就不會想停下來了。
Taking off the Training Wheels
學(xué)以致用
Eventually you will complete all the audio lessons and a couple dual language books. You’ll be able to read well with a dictionary and carry on simple conversations. You are now ready to spread your wings and fly. Start reading the greatest books in your language and use a dictionary when you need to. Find someone who speaks your new language and talk to them. Go to online forums for your new language and make an email buddy. If you can, plan a trip to a country that speaks your language and experience the local culture. If you are curious about another language, then start learning that too!
最終，你還是會完成所有的有聲教程、并且讀完好幾本雙語書籍。借助字典你已經(jīng)能很好地閱讀、并且能和人進(jìn)行簡單對話了�，F(xiàn)在就是你大展拳腳的時候。去找一些新學(xué)外語中最棒的書來讀、有必要時用用字典。去認(rèn)識一些將這門語言的人，和他們交流。上網(wǎng)、去外語論壇（論壇有英、法、韓、日、德、西多種語言交流區(qū)，戳我進(jìn)入>>）和大家交流、或者交一個外語筆友。如果有條件，干脆到這個國家去旅行一趟，把學(xué)到的外語都用起來、也感受一下當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕�。如果你對另一門語言也感興趣，還可以開始下一門！
Regardless of how you use your new language skills, you will have become a more educated interesting person. More importantly, you will have proven to yourself that you are much smarter than you thought.
不管你如何使用這門新的語言技巧，你已經(jīng)在這個過程中變得更加智慧和風(fēng)趣。更重要的是，你證明了自己比想象的還要聰明！
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