高考英語(yǔ)influence affect的區(qū)別詞語(yǔ)辨析
高考英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)辨析：affect, effect, influence的區(qū)別
1. affect 與 effect 均可表示“影響”，其區(qū)別是：前者是動(dòng)詞(及物)，主要指一時(shí)的影響，著重影響的動(dòng)作，可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞)，也可指不良影響;后者是名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))，兩者的關(guān)系大致為：affect=have an effect on。如：
To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影響一項(xiàng)政策就是對(duì)該政策具有一種影響。
The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 這條消息對(duì)她沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)影響。
注：effect 有時(shí)雖用作動(dòng)詞(及物)，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。如：
They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他們半夜逃脫了。
He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
2. influence 表示“影響”，主要指對(duì)行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響。可用作動(dòng)詞(及物)或名詞(通常不可數(shù)，但有時(shí)可連用不定冠詞)。如：
What you read influences your thinking. 你讀的東西對(duì)你的思想有影響。
It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的畫顯然受了畢加索的影響。
Television has a strong influence on people. 電視對(duì)人有很大的影響。
高考英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)辨析：about, on, with用法辨異
這三個(gè)介詞的用法既有相同之處，也有不同之處。分述如下：
1. 三者均可表示“隨身帶著”，有時(shí)可互換。如：
I have no money about [on, with] me. 我身邊沒(méi)帶錢。
2. 嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，這三個(gè)詞是有區(qū)別的：
(1) about 一般指隨身帶的小物品。如：
Have you a ballpoint pen about you? 你身上帶圓珠筆了嗎?
2) with 多指帶較大的東西(也可指較小的東西)。如：
He took an umbrella with him. 他隨身帶了把傘。
3) on 表示帶在身上(如在口袋里)。如：
Have you any money on you? 你身上帶著錢嗎?
注：此例若用 with 或 about，則不一定放在身上，可能放在皮包里等。
3. 用于引申義，表示某人或某物的特性或特征，通常用 about。如：
There is something noble about him. 他有一種高貴的氣質(zhì)。
He always has his wits about him. 他一向不失機(jī)智(www.nmet168.com)。
We can see something beautiful about the old cottage. 從這座古老的小屋本身我們可以看到一些美的東西。
注：以上用法中的 about 有時(shí)可與介詞 in 換用，前者側(cè)重指外在表現(xiàn)，后者側(cè)重指內(nèi)在素質(zhì)。
高考英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)辨析：after 與 behind 用法辨析
兩者均可表示“在……之后”，既有相同之處，也有不同之處。分述如下：
1. after 主要用于時(shí)間或次序，behind 主要用于位置。如：
He decided to leave after lunch. 他決定午飯后離開(kāi)。
Summer comes after spring. 春去夏來(lái)。
The hospital is behind the post office. 醫(yī)院在郵局后面。
注：behind 有時(shí)也用于時(shí)間，表示“遲于”，主要用于 behind time(遲，晚)這一習(xí)語(yǔ)。如：
The train was 20 minutes behind time. 火車晚點(diǎn) 20 分鐘。
2. 兩者都可用于引申義，after 側(cè)重指追求、尋找、模仿等;而behind 則側(cè)重指在背后、支持、落后等。如：
The police are after her. 警察在追捕她。
Many young people are after her. 許多年青人都追求她。
We are behind you completely. 我們完全支持你。
He is behind the others in maths. 他的數(shù)學(xué)不如別人。
高考英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)辨析：accident 與 incident辨析
1. accident 指偶然發(fā)生的不幸事件，即“事故”;incident 則指普通的小事件，也指暴力性的政治事件。如：
About ten people were killed in the car accident. 在這次車禍中大約有10個(gè)人喪生。
That was one of the strangest incidents in my life. 那是我一生中最奇怪的事情之一。
The book is about the July 7th Incident. 這本書是關(guān)于七七事變的。
2. 在習(xí)語(yǔ) by accident (偶然地)中，不能用 incident。如：
I found the wallet quite by accident. 我找到這個(gè)錢包純屬偶然。
高考英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)辨析：如何辨析area, region 與 district
三者均可表示“地區(qū)”，區(qū)別如下：
1. area 是這組詞中用得最廣的，表示的“地區(qū)”可大可小，但通常不指行政分區(qū)。如：
I find the people in this area very friendly. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè) 地方的人很友好。
2. region 通常指較大的地區(qū)，它既可以表示一個(gè)國(guó)家的行政分區(qū)，也可以指非行政分區(qū)。如：
The southeast is the richest of England. 英國(guó)的東南部是最富有的.。
Italy is divided into 20 regions. 意大利被分為20個(gè)行政區(qū)。
其他用例：
the Arctic region 北極地區(qū) an oil region 石油產(chǎn)區(qū)
in country regions 在農(nóng)村地區(qū) a forest region 林區(qū)
3. district 指相對(duì)于 region 稍小的地區(qū)，通常指一個(gè)國(guó)家或城市的行政分區(qū)，有時(shí)也指非行政分區(qū)。如：
The letters SW1 stand for a postal district of London. SW1 這幾個(gè)字母代表倫敦的郵政分區(qū)。
The busiest shopping district in Beijing is around Wangfujing Street. 北京最熱鬧的商業(yè)區(qū)是王府井大街一帶。
2016高考英語(yǔ)抓分訓(xùn)練：動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析及答案詳解
2014高考英語(yǔ)抓分訓(xùn)練：動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析
1.His friends suggest that he should take any job he can get and shouldn't________and choose.
A.pick B.take
C.start D.mind
2.The statement said five people died at the scene in this accident, while 15 others, their teacher included, were ________ dead by the afternoon.
A.convinced B.described
C.committed D.confirmed
3. The colour of that Tshirt ________ and made all the other clothes pink.[來(lái)源:www.shulihua.net]
A.went B.disappeared
C.ran D.fell
4. It ________ unusual courage and determination to make the break with his family.
A.took B.needed
C.spent D.shared
5. Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A.acquired B.finished
C. concluded D.achieved
6. He has talents by which he might ___ _____ himself.
A.expose B.admire
C.distinguish D.hide
7.The US government on Wednesday ________ former Commerce Secretary Gary Locke as ambassador to China, making him the first ChineseAmerican ever to take the post.
A.accumulated B.reflected
C.distinguished D.confirmed
8. Miss Green often said “God helps those who help themselves”， intending to ________ on us the significance of being independent.
A.base B.impress
C.focus D.rely
9.One reason why the housing prices in big cities are going up all the time is that people are ________ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.[來(lái)源:www.shulihua.net]
A.breaking B.pouring[來(lái)源:www.shulihua.net]
C.filling D.squeezing
10.Do not fear them, for there is nothing covered that will not be ________， and nothing hidden that will not be made known.
A.criticized B.defined
C.estimated D.revealed
11.Learning to ________ makes it easier for one to get along with others in work and life.
A.create B.live
C.share D.learn
12.Recently the south of our country has been worst ________ by the drought.
A.impressed B.affected
C.expressed D.designed
13.Your daughter ________ to be a famous musician, so you should keep her practising the piano.
A.promises B.agrees
C.expects D.pretends
14.It's no surprise she's leaving the course—she's never really________.
A.fitted in B.showed up
C.given in D.burnt up
15.I listened carefully to his long b oring speech, but could not ________ what he was talking abou t.
A.pick out B.bri ng out
C.make out D.give out
16.—Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?
—Not really.We waited in line for an hour, only to be ________ at the door.
A.turned away B.turned out
C.turned off D.turned up
17. Whenever I look at these photos, they will ________ happy memories of my stay in New York.
A.call off B.call for
C.call up D.call on
18. The secretary has a lot of things to ________ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.
A.take up B.make up
C.work out D.carry out
19.It is so noisy in the restaurant and hard for us to________a conversation.
A.go on B.keep on
C.carry on D.take on
20.—Shall I ________ the raincoat?
—No hurry. Leave it where it is. It looks like rain.
A.put away B.put on
C.put forward D.put up
21. A wellwritten composition ________ good choice of words and clear organization.
A.calls on B.call s for
C.calls up D.calls off
22.—Why are you ________ your things?
—Well, the fact is, I've decided to leave.
A.picking up B.packing up
C.putting up D.taking up
23.A cellphone could ________the energy which could activate your brain.
A.give away B.give off
C.give back D.give up
24. How much you earn is not very important.It is how you earn the money that ________.
A.counts B.values
C.minds D.means
25.That pretty girl really ________ my eye the moment the performance started.
A.caught B.held
C.pulled D.fixed
26. While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to ________down their expenses.
A.cut B.put
C.turn D.settle
27.The China National Environmental Monitoring Centre________ air quality in urban areas from levels one to five: excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous.
A.distributes B.arranges
C.classifies D.divides
28. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A.spot B.dismiss
C.shelter D.distinguish
29. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ________ for him.
A.prepare B.match
C.fit D.do
30.—If your son keeps practising, he ________ to make a famous crosscountry skier in our province.
—I'm thrilled with joy and very grateful to you, Mr Li.
A.wants B.hopes
C.promises D.wishes
31.Both parents and teenagers should try their best to communicate more with each other and ________ the gap between them.
A.open B.adjust
C.narrow D.reduce
32.What you should do is just ________ the milk until it boils and then turn off the gas.
A.watch B.notice
C.sense D.attend
33.One primary goal of UNESCO is to ________ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.
A.make up B.polish up
C.build up D.give up
34.After decades of effort, the city is still trying to ________ how to ban smoking in public places.
A.look through B.get through
C.figure out D.take out
35.The public ________ Yuan Longping, a great mind who has devoted himself to the research into hybrid ri ce(雜交水稻).
A.live up to B.look up to
C.come up with D.put up with
36.—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.
—Yes, that might ________ why he did so badly in the last test.
A.answer for B.apply for
C.account for D.call for
37.We did have a quarrel about money last night, but now we have already ________.
A.taken up B.made up
C.put up D.brought up
38.More and more rich people have promised to ________ their wealth after death to help the poor and the disabled.
A.give away B.give up
C.give out D.give off
39.It is reported that the police will soon ________ the case of the two missing children.
A.look upon B.look after
C.look into D.look out
40.The middleaged man said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to ________ his acceptance in writing.
A.confirm B.convey
C.convince D.consider
41.Remember to ________ a good state of mind even if you should fail plenty of times.
A.take up B.brush up
C.get up D.keep up
42.Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.
A.looked up to B.lived up to
C.kept up with D.come up with
43.Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninetynine per cent of mental attitude.
A.gets B.makes
C.puts D.means
44.The keys were ________ to our neighbours du ring our absence.
A.given out B.given away
C.given over D.given up
答案詳解：
1.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他的朋友建議他應(yīng)該做他能得到的任何工作而不應(yīng)該挑挑揀揀。
2.D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：有報(bào)告稱，5人在這次意外事故中當(dāng)場(chǎng)死亡，然而另外的15人包括他們的老師在內(nèi)截止到下午被證實(shí)死亡。be confirmed dead被證實(shí)死亡。
3.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處run意為“褪色”。句意：那件T恤衫的顏色掉了，把其他所有衣服都染成了粉紅色。
4.A 考查動(dòng)詞的用法。此處it為形式主語(yǔ)，后面的to make the break with his family是真正的主語(yǔ)。
5.D 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處achieve意為“完成，做到，獲得(勝利等)，達(dá)到(目的)”，指克服困難之后取得成功、成就或?qū)崿F(xiàn)預(yù)期的目標(biāo)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。根據(jù)其賓語(yǔ)all of the goals可判斷出“Lucy達(dá)到/實(shí)現(xiàn)了所有的目標(biāo)”。acquire 取得，獲得;finish 完成，結(jié)束;conclude 結(jié)束，終止。
6.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處expose 意為“揭露，揭發(fā);使曝光;顯示”;admire意為“欽佩;贊美”;distinguish 意為“區(qū)分;辨別;使杰出，使表現(xiàn)突出 ”;hide 意為“隱藏;隱瞞”。句意：他有一些別于常人的能力。
7.D 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處confirm sb as意為“任命某人為……”。句意：星期三美國(guó)政府任命原商務(wù)部部長(zhǎng)Gary Locke為中國(guó)大使，使他成為第一個(gè)擔(dān)任這個(gè)職位的美籍華人。
8.B 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處impress on sb sth意為“使……意識(shí)到某事”。句意：格林女士經(jīng)常說(shuō)：“天助自助者”，她有意識(shí)地使我們意識(shí)到獨(dú)立的重要性。
9.B 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處pour into意為“涌向……”。句意：大城市房?jī)r(jià)一直上升的原因之一是人們大量地涌入過(guò)度擁擠的大城市。
10.D 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。criticize批評(píng);define限制;estimate估計(jì);reveal揭發(fā)，揭露。句意：不要害怕，沒(méi)有不被揭露的事情，任何隱藏的事情都得被人們知道。
11.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。create創(chuàng)造;live生活;share分享;learn學(xué)習(xí)。句意：學(xué)會(huì)分享可以使人在工作和生活中與他人相處得更容易。
12.B 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。impress刻印;affect影響;express表達(dá);design設(shè)計(jì)。句意：最近，我國(guó)南方受到了最嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)的影響。[來(lái)源:www.shulihua.netwww.shulihua.net]
13.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處promise表示“很可能，預(yù)示”。agree同意;expect期待;pretend假裝。句意：你女兒有可能成為著名的音樂(lè)家，所以你應(yīng)該讓她練習(xí)彈鋼琴。
14.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。fit in適應(yīng)，合得來(lái);show up 出現(xiàn)，露面;give in屈服;burn up燒光。句意：她離開(kāi)這個(gè)課程一點(diǎn)兒也不奇怪。她從來(lái)沒(méi)有真正適應(yīng)過(guò)。
15.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處make out意為“弄明白”。句意：我仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)了他冗長(zhǎng)而令人厭煩的演講，但沒(méi)能明白他在講什么。
16.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處turn away意為“拒絕”。句意：……我們排隊(duì)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)，結(jié)果在門口被拒絕了。
17.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處call up意為“喚起”。句意：每當(dāng)我看到這些照片，它們就會(huì)喚起我在紐約的美好回憶。
18.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。 句意：秘書要把辦公室留下的許多事補(bǔ)回來(lái)，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)外出好多天了。make up“彌補(bǔ)”，符合語(yǔ)境。take up占據(jù);work out算出;carry out執(zhí)行。都不合句意。
19.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處carry on意為“繼續(xù)”。句意：飯店太吵鬧了，我們很難繼續(xù)談話。
20.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處put away意為“把……收起”。句意：“我把雨衣收起來(lái)好嗎?”“不急。把它放在原處。天看起來(lái)要下雨。”
21.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：一篇寫得好的文章需要好的措詞和清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)。此處call for意為“需要”。
22.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處pack up意為“收拾”。句意：“你為什么收拾你的東西?”“事實(shí)是我決定離開(kāi)。”
23.B give away 捐贈(zèng); give off 發(fā)出，放出;give back 歸還;give up 放棄。故選B。
24.A 考查 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你掙多少錢不重要，重要的是你怎樣掙錢。
25.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處catch one's eye意為“吸引某人的眼球，引起某人的注意”。
26.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。cut down削減，縮短，砍倒;put down放下，寫下，批評(píng)，奚落，貶損;turn down關(guān)小，調(diào)低，拒絕;settle down安頓下來(lái)。與費(fèi)用(expenses)有關(guān)時(shí)，常用削減(cut down)費(fèi)用。句意：當(dāng)價(jià)格飛漲時(shí)，許多人做出了削減費(fèi)用的舉措。故A為最佳答案。
27.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：國(guó)家環(huán)境監(jiān)控中心把城市空氣質(zhì)量分成五級(jí)……。cla ssify 表示“分類”，故選C項(xiàng)。distribute 分配，散布;arrange 安排;divide 分割，分開(kāi)。
28.C 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)前一句中的內(nèi)容可知父母想給孩子提供“庇護(hù)”，讓他們避免各種危險(xiǎn)，無(wú)論是真實(shí)的，還是想象的。spot認(rèn)出，發(fā)現(xiàn); dismiss開(kāi)除，解散; distinguish區(qū)分。都不符合語(yǔ)意。shelter…from… 保護(hù)……免受(危險(xiǎn)等)。
29.D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。do for sb意思是“適合……，對(duì)……有效”。
30.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處promise意為“有希望成為……”。句意：“如果你的兒子堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練，他有望成為我們省著名的跨國(guó)飛行員�！薄拔曳浅８吲d，也很感激你，李老師�！�
31.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處narrow意為“縮小，使……變窄”。
32.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。watch關(guān)注;notice注意到;sense感覺(jué);attend參加。句意：你應(yīng)該做的事就是看著牛奶直到它開(kāi)了，然后關(guān)掉煤氣。
33.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。題意：建立現(xiàn)代化的知識(shí)社會(huì)，讓所有人都能參與信息與知識(shí)，是聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的主要目標(biāo)之一。build up建立;make up彌補(bǔ)，虛構(gòu)，整理，和解，化妝;polish up改善，潤(rùn)色;give up放棄。
34.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。look through看穿，瀏覽;get through做完，通過(guò);figure out解決，想出辦法;take out拿出，取出。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的努力，這座城市仍然在試圖解決如何禁止在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙的問(wèn)題。
35.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意“人們尊敬袁隆平，這位全身心地投入雜交水稻研究的偉人”可知選B項(xiàng)。look up to 尊敬;live up to 不辜負(fù)，達(dá)到;come up with 提出，想到;put up with 容忍，忍受。
36.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。語(yǔ)境：那有可能是他上次考試考得如此糟糕的原因。account for 是……的原因，說(shuō)明，解釋;answer for 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé);apply for 向……申請(qǐng);call for 需要。
37.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：昨天晚上我們確實(shí)因?yàn)殄X的問(wèn)題吵了一架，但現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)和好了。注意關(guān)鍵信息did have a quarrel和but。take up占據(jù)(時(shí)、空)，從事;make up彌補(bǔ)，和解;put up舉起，張貼;bring up教育，培養(yǎng)，提出。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。
38.A 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。give away分發(fā);give up放棄;give out 用完，分發(fā)，發(fā)出;give off發(fā)出(氣味，熱、光等)。句意：越來(lái)越多的富人承諾他們死后把他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)分發(fā)下去以幫助窮人及殘疾人。
39.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，警察很快會(huì)調(diào)查兩名失蹤兒童的案件。look into調(diào)查;look upon尊敬; look after照看; look out小心。
40.A 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。confirm承認(rèn)，確認(rèn);convey傳遞;convince說(shuō)服;consider 考慮。根據(jù)句意選A。
41.D 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。此處keep up意為“保持”。句意：即使你失敗多次，你也要記得保持良好的心態(tài)。
42.B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：如果她不辜負(fù)她的諾言的話，她會(huì)成功地進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)。
43.C 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處put意為“說(shuō)，表達(dá)”。句意：正如Scotti教授所說(shuō)，成功取決于99%的精神態(tài)度。
44.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的用法。句意：當(dāng)我們不在時(shí)，我們把鑰匙交給了我們的鄰居。此處give over意為“交給”。
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