專八翻譯詞語的譯法
自201x改革后，專八翻譯只保留了漢譯英，本文整理了一些詞語的翻譯方法技巧，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。
一、 詞義選擇
(1) 語境詞
手機(jī)刷新了人與人的關(guān)系。
Cell phone has altered the relationship among people.
(2) 表意模糊的詞
這所全國重點(diǎn)大學(xué)為社會(huì)輸送了大批的人才。
The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society.
(3) 比喻詞匯
老師答應(yīng)給這幾個(gè)學(xué)生“開小灶”。
The teacher promised to give these students special tuition.
二、詞義轉(zhuǎn)換：英語的靜態(tài)性和抽象性決定其出現(xiàn)名詞化和介詞化的傾向。
(1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
吃頭兩個(gè)菜時(shí)，也是贊不絕口。
You will be full of praise while eating the first main courses.
(2)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)介詞
這樣，每個(gè)地方都有自己的傳說，風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來。
Thus, every place, with its own legends and tales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.
(3)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)形容詞
所以人們對(duì)于大自然，全都一致并且深深地依賴著。
Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on Nature.
(4)形容詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
只有這些生靈自由自在地享受著這個(gè)黃昏。
…leaving there living thins to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.
(5)名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞
大自然對(duì)人的恩賜，無論貧富，一律平等。
People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature.
三、 詞的增補(bǔ)
(1)語法需要：增補(bǔ)的詞多為冠詞、名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞。
面對(duì)一池碧水，將憂心煩惱全拋到一邊，使自己的身心得到充分休息。
When facing a pool of green water, you forgot all your worries and annoyance and enjoy a good rest, both mentally and physically.
在我所呆的三年半中，共有14位學(xué)生被招進(jìn)了他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5人。
During the three and a half years I stayed at the lab, a total of 14 students were recruited to his lab, but only 5 of them got their doctor’s degrees at last.
(2)意思表達(dá)需要
世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新概念的博物館。
The third generation museums in the world are run on entirely new concepts.
(3)文化背景解釋的需要
黃鼠狼給雞拜年。
The weasel goes to pay his respects to the hen——not with the best of wishes.
四、詞的減省
于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。
Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head-nodding to head-shaking.
用點(diǎn)畫成線，用線畫成平面，用平面畫成立體。
With points you can make a line; with lines, planes; with planes, solids.
五、詞的替代
(1)名詞成分替代：用代詞替代重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名詞(this/that/all/both/none/some/any/who/which/whose);用名詞性代詞替代重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名詞(enough/half/the former/the latter/the one);同義詞替代。
另一種方法是化學(xué)方法。
Another method is the chemical approach.
(2)謂語成分替代
你說他很勤奮，他確實(shí)很勤奮。
You say he is diligent, so he is.
成績有雙重性，錯(cuò)誤也有雙重性。
Achievement has a dual character, so do mistakes.
(3)分句替代
你會(huì)來出席會(huì)議嗎?假如不出席會(huì)議，請(qǐng)及早通知我們。
Will you attend the meeting? If not, please notice us as soon as possible.
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