代詞語法的講解范文
(一)代詞概述
代詞用來代替名詞,在句中充當主語、賓語和表語,有時還可以充當定語。代詞在考試命題中主要是代詞格的變化、代詞單復數(shù)形式以及不定代詞和it的用法等。
(二)基本知識梳理
1. 人稱代詞:主格作主語,賓格用作及物動詞和介詞的賓語。
He often helps me.
Who is at the door? It's me.
The bicycle belongs to Tom and me.
出現(xiàn)并列主語或賓語時,其排列順序為:單數(shù)時是第二、第三、第一人稱(簡稱231)即you,he and I或you,her and me;復數(shù)時是第一、第二、第三人稱(簡稱123)即we,you and they或us,you and them。
2. 物主代詞:形容詞性物主代詞作定語,后加名詞;而名詞性物主代詞等于形容詞性物主代詞加名詞。如: This is my book. = This book is mine.
名詞性物主代詞可做主語、賓語和表語。如:
Your pen is blue. Mine is blue,too.
May I use your pen? I've lost mine.
She is a classmate of his.
The bike is hers.
3. 反身代詞:用作賓語和起強調(diào)作用。
1)作賓語
Help yourself to some cakes.
I can look at myself in the mirror.
They should think more of the public health than themselves.
2)作強調(diào)
We do homework by ourselves.
I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.
4. 指示代詞
1)this,that,these,those
What's this(that)? It's a book.
What are these(those)? They are books.
this和these比較靠近,that和those稍遠一點。
2)it的用法
。1)指物:It's a robot.
(2)指自然現(xiàn)象: It's raining now, but it will be fine soon.
。3)指時間:What time is it? It's 8 o'clock.
(4)指距離:It's twenty minutes' walk.
。5)作形式主語:It's important for us to fight pollution.
It took me half an hour to finish the work.
It's kind of you to say so.
。6)作形式賓語: We think it necessary to relax from time to time.
5. 不定代詞
1)some,any
some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑問句中。如:
There are some pens on the desk.
There aren't any pens on the desk.
Are there any pens on the desk?
Some are Chinese. Others are English.
在表示請求、建議、反問等句子中,用some而不是用any。如:
Would you like some drink?
any也可以表示任何一個。如:
Do you know any of her friends?
If you have any questions, you can ask me.
2)復合不定代詞:something, anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,no one,everyone,somewhere,anywhere,nowhere,everywhere這些不定代詞都作單數(shù),表示“某物”、“某人”、“某地”。
。1)作主語:
Someone is waiting for you.
No one is in the classroom.
。2)作賓語:
Have you got anything to say?
Did you see anything else in the classroom?
。3)不定代詞被形容詞修飾時,定語放在它們的后面。如:
I’ve got something interesting to tell you.
There's nothing new in the newspaper.
3)a few,few,a little,little前兩者修飾可數(shù)名詞,后兩者修飾不可數(shù)名詞。few,little表示否定,意思是幾乎沒有;a few,a little表示肯定,意思是還有幾個、有一點。如:
There is still a little time left, you needn't hurry.
I can't buy anything because I have little money on me.
4)both(兩者都,復數(shù)),all(三者以上都,復數(shù)),neither(兩者都不,單數(shù)),none(三者以上都不,單復數(shù)),either(兩者中的一個,單數(shù)),both...and, neither...nor, either...or
。1)作主語:
Both of the twins are doctors.
All of them are honest.
Neither of them is a doctor.
None of them is/are honest.
。2)詞組:
Both Li Ping and I are students.
Neither Li Ping nor I am a student.
(3)作形容詞:
on both sides of the river
on either side of the river
注意下面句子轉(zhuǎn)化:
Both of them are teachers.
改成否定句是: Neither of them is a teacher.
All of us are students.
改成否定句是: None of us is a student. 或: None of us are students.
5)one ...the other(s)表示一個……其余的……,是有范圍的;some...others 表示一些……另一些……,是無范圍的;another 表示很多中的另一個,再……個。如:
He has two brothers. One is an engineer, the other is a writer.
Some like football. Others like basketball.
Some books on the shelf are in Chinese, the others in English.
She will be in hospital for another two weeks.(她將在醫(yī)院再住兩星期。)
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