1. <rp id="zsypk"></rp>

      2. 定語(yǔ)從句用法的總結(jié)

        時(shí)間:2023-02-24 10:50:38 兆波 總結(jié) 我要投稿

        定語(yǔ)從句用法的總結(jié)

          定語(yǔ)從句在句中相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,下面定語(yǔ)從句用法的總結(jié)是小編想跟大家分享的,歡迎大家瀏覽。

        定語(yǔ)從句用法的總結(jié)

          一.定語(yǔ)從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)

          1.定語(yǔ)從句:修飾某一句中的名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。

          2.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞

          關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。

          關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:

          1,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

          2,代替先行詞。

          3,在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。

          二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

          1.who指人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)

          (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

          (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

          2. whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),?墒÷浴

          (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

          (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

          注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替,可省略。

          (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

          3. which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略

          (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

          (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

          4. that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

          (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year

          rises one million.

          (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

          5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)

          (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

          (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

          whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替

          (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

          (4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

          (5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

          三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

          1. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)

          (1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

          (2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.

          (3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

          (4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

          (5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talk-ed about.

          (6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

          2.關(guān)系代詞前的介詞的選擇

          * 由先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配或根據(jù)先行詞的需要。

          (1) The speed at which light travels is 300,000 km per second. (at the speed of …以…速度)

          (2) The reason for which he didn’t come to school was that he was ill. (for a certain reason 由于某種原因)

          * 介詞可能是從句短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)固定部分或固定搭配

          (3) Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (be afraid of 害怕)

          (4) This is the teacher from whom I borrowed the book. (borrow from…從…借入

          注意:1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等

          (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

          (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

          2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,不可用who或者that;指物時(shí)用 which,不能用that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose

          (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

          (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

          (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

          (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

          3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞

          (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

          (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

          (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

          四.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

          1. when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

          (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

          (2) The time when we got together finally came.

          2. where指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

          (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

          (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

          3. why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)

          (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

          (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

          注意:1.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

          (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

          (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

          (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

          2.當(dāng)先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因名詞時(shí),如果在從句中不是作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。

          (1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.

          (2)They make me think of the happy days (that/which) we spent together.

          (3)Is this factory the one (that/which) they visited the day before yester- day.

          定語(yǔ)從句用法講解

          一、定語(yǔ)從句的識(shí)別

          1、結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別:名詞+連接詞+句子

          【例句】Kevin gave us a wonderful training course, which left us a deep impression.

          【解析】這個(gè)句子的前身應(yīng)該是這樣的:Kevin gave us a wonderful training course. It left us a deep impression. it就是指代前面這個(gè)句子,這樣兩個(gè)句子就有了共有的名詞,連接兩個(gè)具有共同名詞的句子是定語(yǔ)從句的作用,就可以用which代替it,這樣就有了示例中的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。

          2、常用連接詞:

          關(guān)系代詞:who, whom, which, that, as, whose

          關(guān)系連詞:when, where, why, how

          介詞+關(guān)系代詞:as和that以及who一般不能接到介詞后引導(dǎo)句子

          二、定語(yǔ)從句的處理方法

          1、按照定語(yǔ)的處理方法將定語(yǔ)從句前置,這種處理方式適用于比較短的和起修飾限定作用的定語(yǔ)從句。

          2、在考研中大多數(shù)的定語(yǔ)從句起的作用是連接句子,因此我們通常把定語(yǔ)從句從整個(gè)句子中獨(dú)立拆分出來(lái)單獨(dú)成為一個(gè)句子,這種處理方法的關(guān)鍵是找到連接詞,拆分點(diǎn)就是連接詞。

          對(duì)于“介詞+連接詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,拆分點(diǎn)就在介詞處。

          【例句】There is something by virtue of which man is man.

          【譯文】存在一種特性,人之所以為人就是由于這種特性。

          【解析】這句話其實(shí)是由以下兩句話變來(lái)的:

          1)There is something.

          2)Man is man by virtue of this thing.這兩句話中有共有的名詞something和this thing,用which替換掉this thing再把of which提前,得到:There is something of which man is man by virtue

          三、例句分析

          【例句】Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

          【譯文】對(duì)資本和企業(yè)的這種大規(guī)模的非個(gè)人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的數(shù)量和重要性。這個(gè)階層作為國(guó)計(jì)民生的一部分,代表了非個(gè)人責(zé)任的財(cái)富與土地及土地所有者應(yīng)盡義務(wù)的分離,而且也幾乎與責(zé)任管理相分離。

          【解析】句子的主干為:Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…這句話的難點(diǎn)還在于其主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都有較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)和of結(jié)構(gòu)限定,并且分句是由兩個(gè)and相連的3個(gè)部分組成的。

          分句an element…landowners又帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)是(which was)representing…,另一個(gè)是(which was)detached…。可見(jiàn),定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)在于經(jīng)常省略“引導(dǎo)詞+be”的結(jié)構(gòu),從而在理解上容易和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆。實(shí)際上定語(yǔ)從句并不符合漢語(yǔ)的使用習(xí)慣。所以翻譯時(shí)遇上定語(yǔ)從句,一定不要機(jī)械地按照原來(lái)的順序生搬硬套。像這樣分句較長(zhǎng)的情況,把主句和分句拆為兩句是比較好的方法。所以這里從“這個(gè)階層”開(kāi)始另起一句。

          定語(yǔ)從句用法的詳解

          一、定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)概念

          所謂定語(yǔ)從句,就是在復(fù)合句中起定語(yǔ)作用以修飾主句中的名詞或代詞的從句。學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句,首先要弄清兩個(gè)重要概念——先行詞和關(guān)系詞。

          先行詞是我們漢語(yǔ)中從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)過(guò)的一個(gè)新概念,它其實(shí)指的就是被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞。由于定語(yǔ)從句修飾名詞或代詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句通常是后置的,所以人們就將放在定語(yǔ)從句前被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。

          那什么是關(guān)系詞呢?其實(shí)它就是用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。事實(shí)上,英語(yǔ)中的各類從句,不管性質(zhì)如何,它們都需要有一個(gè)詞來(lái)“引導(dǎo)”,正如人們給引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的詞語(yǔ)取了個(gè)名字叫從屬連詞一樣,人們也給引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞語(yǔ)取了個(gè)名字,叫它關(guān)系詞,因?yàn)樗ǔ1环旁谙刃性~和定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,以表明兩者之間的修飾關(guān)系,同時(shí)它還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。

          二、定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞與所修飾先行詞的關(guān)系

          為了更好地理解定語(yǔ)從句,我們還有必要研究一下關(guān)系詞與先行詞之間的關(guān)系。但在研究這種關(guān)系之前,我們先來(lái)看看關(guān)系詞有哪些。

          根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用,我們可以將關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種。所謂關(guān)系代詞就是指起代詞作用的關(guān)系詞,它們?cè)谝龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的同時(shí),還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,英語(yǔ)中比較常用的關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose等。

          類似地,關(guān)系副詞就是指起副詞作用的關(guān)系詞,它們?cè)谝龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的同時(shí),還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)等,英語(yǔ)中比較常用的關(guān)系副詞只有三個(gè),即when, where和why。

          許多初學(xué)定語(yǔ)從句的人弄不清關(guān)系詞與先行詞之間到底是什么關(guān)系。其實(shí)啊,關(guān)系詞與先行詞之間的關(guān)系很簡(jiǎn)單,簡(jiǎn)單得可以劃一個(gè)等號(hào)。因?yàn),關(guān)系詞的含義在本質(zhì)上等價(jià)于先行詞,它與先行詞指的就是同一個(gè)人或同一個(gè)事物。為便于理解,下面我們來(lái)看幾個(gè)例子吧。

          I know the man who lives next door.我認(rèn)識(shí)住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。

          這是一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。句中的the man為先行詞,who lives next door為修飾the man的定語(yǔ)從句;在定語(yǔ)從句中,who是關(guān)系詞,它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ),從意義上說(shuō),它在此所表示的意思與先行詞the man等價(jià),換句話說(shuō),上面這個(gè)句子與下面這個(gè)句子等價(jià):I know the man. He lives next door.我認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)人,它就住在隔壁。

          She will never forget the day when she got married.她永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記她結(jié)婚的這一天。

          句中的the day為先行詞,when she got married為修飾the day的定語(yǔ)從句;在定語(yǔ)從句中,when是關(guān)系詞,它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作狀語(yǔ),從意義上說(shuō),它在此與“介詞+先行詞”所表示的意思等價(jià),也就是說(shuō)上面的句子與下面這個(gè)句子等價(jià):She will never forget the day. On that day she got married.她永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這一天,在這一天她結(jié)婚了。

          三、定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯

          許多英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者往往弄不明白為什么引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞which不能譯為“哪一個(gè)”,who不能譯為“誰(shuí)”,when不能譯為“什么時(shí)候”,where不能譯為“什么地方”,等等。

          首先,我們必須要明白一點(diǎn),那就是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的which, who, when, where, why等是關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞),而不是疑問(wèn)詞,所以不能按疑問(wèn)詞的意思來(lái)理解。

          前面我們講到,英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句總是后置的,即要放在被修飾名詞或代詞之后;但在漢語(yǔ)中,定語(yǔ)通常是前置的,也就是說(shuō)定語(yǔ)要放在被修飾名詞的前面,并通常表現(xiàn)為“……的”這樣的形式。當(dāng)我們翻譯英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候,一般可以按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,將定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在被修飾的名詞或代詞之前,而其中的關(guān)系詞一般就是譯成漢語(yǔ)中的“……的”。如:

          He showed me the article that he had written.他把他寫的文章拿給我看。

          句中的that he had written為修飾名詞the article的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“他寫的文章”,其中的關(guān)系代詞that在此譯成了“的”字。

          She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在剛到的那列火車上。

          句中的which arrived just now為修飾名詞the train的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“剛才到的那列火車”,其中的關(guān)系代詞which在此也譯成了“的”字。

          Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.星期日是沒(méi)什么人上班的日子。

          句中的when very few people go to work為修飾名詞the day的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“沒(méi)什么人去上班的日子”,其中的關(guān)系副詞when在此也譯成了“的”字。

          That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer.這就是我們?nèi)ツ晗奶熳〉穆灭^。

          句中的when very few people go to work為修飾名詞the day的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“沒(méi)什么人去上班的日子”,其中的關(guān)系副詞when在此也譯成了“的”字。

          Give me one reason why we should help you.給我舉出一個(gè)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由。

          句中的why we should help you為修飾名詞one reason的定語(yǔ)從句,翻譯時(shí)就可譯為“我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助你的理由”,其中的關(guān)系副詞why在此也譯成了“的”字。

          當(dāng)然,我們上面介紹的是翻譯定語(yǔ)從句最簡(jiǎn)單同時(shí)也是最基本的方法,由于英語(yǔ)句子千變?nèi)f化,定語(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式也靈活多樣,有些含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子可能用此方法翻譯會(huì)顯得別扭,但只要掌握了這個(gè)基本的方法,再加上適當(dāng)?shù)淖兺,翻譯定語(yǔ)從句也就不難了。

          四、定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的省略

          省略關(guān)系代詞最典型的情形就是當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。在定語(yǔ)從句中能夠用作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom。如:

          Those books (that) you lent me were very useful.你借給我的那些書很有用。

          句中的(that) you lent me為修飾those books的定語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞lent的賓語(yǔ),故可以省略。

          I wore the necklace (which) my mother had left me.我戴著我媽留給我的項(xiàng)鏈。

          句中的(which) my mother had left me為修飾the necklace的定語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞left的賓語(yǔ),故可以省略。

          Do you still remember the boy (who, whom) I was going out with?你還記得那個(gè)跟我約會(huì)的小伙子嗎?

          句中的(who, whom) I was going out with為修飾the boy的定語(yǔ)從句,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who / whom在定語(yǔ)從句中用作句尾介詞with的賓語(yǔ),故可以省略。

          注意:我們說(shuō)的關(guān)系代詞的省略只限于限制性定語(yǔ)從句,在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,即使關(guān)系代詞用作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。另外,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞直接用作介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),此時(shí)也不能省略。如:

          I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.我想找到一個(gè)可以和我談書和音樂(lè)的人。

          此句中的關(guān)系代詞which雖然也是用作賓語(yǔ),但不能省略,因?yàn)樗侵苯痈诮樵~with后面作賓語(yǔ)。但是,如果將此句改寫一下,將介詞with置于句末,則可以將關(guān)系代詞whom省略。如:

          I wanted to find someone (whom) I could discuss books and music with.我想找到一個(gè)可以和我談書和音樂(lè)的人。

        【定語(yǔ)從句用法的總結(jié)】相關(guān)文章:

        定語(yǔ)從句as的用法總結(jié)12-07

        定語(yǔ)從句as的用法總結(jié)08-12

        英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用法總結(jié)06-10

        as定語(yǔ)從句用法總結(jié)參考06-10

        that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的用法總結(jié)08-12

        which定語(yǔ)從句的用法總結(jié)07-22

        定語(yǔ)從句as的用法課件06-11

        定語(yǔ)從句where用法10-02

        定語(yǔ)從句中where的用法總結(jié)08-12

        99热这里只有精品国产7_欧美色欲色综合色欲久久_中文字幕无码精品亚洲资源网久久_91热久久免费频精品无码
          1. <rp id="zsypk"></rp>