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閱讀理解之主旨題
分析解讀：
我們閱讀一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明確其主旨。因此，主旨大意題是�？碱}。主旨大意題考查的是考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解,它要求考生必須在充分理解全文的前提下,對(duì)整篇文章的主旨大意有一個(gè)較為清晰的印象。近年來，主旨大意題在閱讀理解一直保持比較大的比重，但難度加深，要求考生解題時(shí)對(duì)文章的主旨大意進(jìn)行綜合、歸納、推斷后，方可得出正確答案。
技巧點(diǎn)撥：
1.常見提問方式：main idea, main purpose, best title型
�。�1）what’s the main idea of the passage?
�。�2）The passage is mainly about_______.
（3）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
�。�4）What’s the purpose of the passage?
（5）The passage tells us that________.
�。�6）Which is the best title of the passage?
（7）From the passage we can learn that _________.
2.弄清文章的大意，關(guān)鍵是找到主題句。
練一練：找出下面段落的主題
�。�1）The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
不難看出，文章的第一句是主題句，后面的句子都圍繞這個(gè)句子展開。
�。�2）Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
�。ㄖ芰糂篇，主題句在文章的最后，放飛夢(mèng)想：so let your imagination run wild, dare to dream）?
�。�3）Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions(發(fā)明) are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
(4) Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer——cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?
議論文總—分—總，首尾呼應(yīng)
總結(jié)：略讀(skimming)是概括和歸納段落的中心思想的手段。用略讀快速將全文閱讀一遍。
特別注意文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息。（略讀時(shí)要注意的是要順行快速向前移動(dòng)眼睛，千萬不要停頓或復(fù)視。
遇到生詞時(shí)盡量猜，不然就跳過去。）
同時(shí)，對(duì)高頻出現(xiàn)的詞要注意。
3.找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門：
�。�1）段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語（如：however, but, in fact, actually等）時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。
（2）首段中出現(xiàn)疑問句是，對(duì)該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨
�。�3）作者有意思地反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。
（4）表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion, in a word等。
典型例析：
一、段落主旨類
例
1：In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商業(yè)性的)success.
Q: The text is mainly about________.
A. Lexico??? B. Three men? ?C . A word game????? D. Alfred Butts.
【解題思路】答案A和C以偏概全。因此此題的正確答案應(yīng)為D。
例
2：In American we have Halloween. In Mexico they have Todos Santos, which means “All Saints”. This is the day in which people remember family and friends who have died. They visit the cemetery instead of going out to trick-or-treat. But they do have pictures of skeletons and ghosts hanging around. They also have many candy skulls to eat.
Q: What does the story mainly tells?
A. What holiday are like
B. What Halloween is like in Mexico? (曲解文章意思，并沒有說兩個(gè)是一樣的)
C. What happens during Todos Santos
D. What we do on Halloween
技巧：段落結(jié)構(gòu)分析
段落結(jié)構(gòu)種類
主題句的位置
關(guān)鍵提示詞
開頭(新聞報(bào)道、議論文)
besides, for example…
結(jié)尾（說明文）
so, therefore, thus, clearly,…
中間（出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)）
but, however, actually, in fact,…
沒有明確的主題句（記敘文，注意反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語）
to sum up, in a word, all in all, above all, in short,in conclusion,…
切記不要以偏概全,注意多次出現(xiàn)的高頻詞或主題詞。
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