代詞及練習(xí)(含答案)
代詞及練習(xí)(含答案)
第11章 代詞
一.概念:
代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。
二.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講
1.人稱代詞
1)人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。
2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如：
I like table tennis. （作主語）
Do you knowhim?（作賓語）
3)人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：
---Whos is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：
He is older than me.
He is older thanI am.
2. 物主代詞
1)表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
物主代詞，如下表所示。
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語）
--- Is this English-book yours? （作表語）
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語）
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。
1) this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those
則指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如：
This is a pen andthat is a pencil．
We are busy these days．
Inthose days the workers had a hard time．
2)有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講
到的事物，例如：
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．
3)有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．
4)this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
英語中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"
等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。
1)作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人
或一些人。
He called himself a writer．
Would you please express yourself in English?
2)作表語。
It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon．
The girl in the news is myself．
3)作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語同位語）
You should ask the teacher himself．（作賓語同位語）
三.鞏固練習(xí)
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A.
高中英語語法大全 第十一章 代詞 (2)
2007-01-12 點(diǎn)擊數(shù):2292
5. 不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表
語、賓語和定語�，F(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：
1)some與any的區(qū)別
�、賡ome多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
�、赼ny多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
Have you got any tea?
③any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can't see any.
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。
2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別
①用作形容詞：
含義
用法
表示肯定
表示否定
用于可數(shù)名詞
a few雖少，但有幾個
few不多，幾乎沒有
用于不可數(shù)名詞
a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn)
little不多，沒有什么
I'm going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
②a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級)
She slept very little last night.
3)other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。
用 法
代名詞
形容詞
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
不定
another
另一個
others
別人，其他人
another (boy)
另一個（男孩）
other (boys)
其他男孩
特定
the other
另一個
the others
其余那些人、物
the other (boy)
另一個男孩
the other (boys)
其余那些男孩
�、賝ther可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別
的”。
Where are his other books?
I haven't any other books except this one.
�、趏ther也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
③other作代詞用時，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
�、堋皌he others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
⑤another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
�、轪nother也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.
4)every與each的區(qū)別。
each
every
1)可單獨(dú)使用
1)不可單獨(dú)使用
2)可做代名詞、形容詞
2)僅作形容詞
3)著重“個別”
3)著重“全體”，毫無例外
4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物
4)用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
Each ball has a different colour.
當(dāng)我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
5)all和both的用法。
�、賏ll指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。
All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語）
= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語)
All the water has been used up. (作主語)
That's all for today. (作表語)
Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語)
All the leaders are here. (作定語)
�、赽oth作代詞。
a.與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都”。
Lucy and Lily both agree with us.
They both passed on their sticks at the same time.
How are your parents? They're both fine.
b.與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。
Both of them came to see Mary.
Both of the books are very interesting.
c.單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。
Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.
③both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。
Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.
6. 相互代詞
表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語中，each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。
We should learn from each other / one another. （作賓語）
Do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語）
We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定語）
The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.
（作定語）
7. 疑問代詞
疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑
問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語）
What is that? (作表語)
Whose umbrella is this? (作定語)
Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語)
8.關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語. 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：
I hate people who talk much but do little.
I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.
With the moneythat he had saved, he went on with his studies.
Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?
三.鞏固練習(xí)
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs
四.答案
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C
三十五個經(jīng)典句型 幫你過寫作關(guān)（英語四級）
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
張老師是我曾經(jīng)遇到最仁慈的教師。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
沒有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.
�。ㄔ僭趺磸�(qiáng)調(diào)...的重要性也不為過。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否認(rèn)的...）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否認(rèn)的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫無疑問的...）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是...）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.
使用太陽能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不會制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應(yīng)我們新鮮的空氣。
九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）
例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.
時間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費(fèi)它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S + V~~~ （雖然...）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一點(diǎn)也不}
雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對令人不滿意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我們書讀愈多，我們愈有學(xué)問。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借著...，..能夠..）
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借著做運(yùn)動，我們能夠始終保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受詞）+ to + V （..使..能夠..）
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我們絕對不能...）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。
十五、It is time + S + 過去式 （該是...的時候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
該是有關(guān)當(dāng)局采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣斫鉀Q交通問題的時候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)該受處罰。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ （沒有人不...）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
沒有人不渴望上大學(xué)。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運(yùn)動。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）
It is obvious that + 句子 （明顯的）
It is apparent that + 句子 （顯然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是...的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.
夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 時間，S + 現(xiàn)在完成式...（過去...年來，...一直...）
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
過去兩年來，我一直忙著準(zhǔn)備考試。
二十二、Since + S + 過去式，S + 現(xiàn)在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自從他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others.
幫助別人是值得的。
二十四、be based on （以...為基礎(chǔ)）
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社會的進(jìn)步是以和諧為基礎(chǔ)的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遺余力的）
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我們應(yīng)該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （讓...明白...事）
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我們應(yīng)該讓人們明白努力的價值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ （與...息息相關(guān)）
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做運(yùn)動與健康息息相關(guān)。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
= make it a rule to + V （養(yǎng)成...的習(xí)慣）
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習(xí)慣。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ （因?yàn)?..）
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因?yàn)樗墓膭�，我終于實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...�。�
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守諾言是多么重要的事！
三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不滿意）
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ （對...有很大的影響）
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽煙對我們的健康有很大的影響。
三十三、do good to （對...有益），do harm to （對...有害）
例句：Reading does good to our mind.讀書對心靈有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作過度對健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ （對...造成一大威脅）
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染對我們的生存造成一大威脅。
三十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best （盡全力去...）
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我們應(yīng)盡全力去達(dá)成我們的人生目標(biāo)。
常見標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的用法
句號 Period [.]
用以表示一個句子的結(jié)束
Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
The federal government is based in Ottawa.
用在縮寫中
B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.
Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.
問號 Question Mark [?]
在句子的結(jié)尾使用問號表示是直接疑問句：
How many provinces are there in Canada?
注意：在間接疑問句結(jié)尾不要加問號：
The teacher asked the class a question.
Do not ask me why.
嘆號 Exclamation Mark [!]
在句子的結(jié)尾使用嘆號表示驚訝、興奮等情緒：
We won the Stanley Cup!
The forest is on fire!
逗號 Comma [,]
句子中的停頓
Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.
在疑問句中引出說話人：
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
排列三個或以上的名詞：
Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.
引出定語從句
Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.
單引號 Apostrophe [']
表示所有
This is David's computer.
These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)
Note: 對于復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，只加'
These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)
縮寫I don't know how to fix it.
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引號Quotation Marks ["]
直接引出某人說的話：
The prime minister said, "We will win the election."
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
冒號Colon [:]
引出一系列名詞
There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.
引出一個較長的引語
The prime minister said: "We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election."
分號Semicolon [;]
將兩個相關(guān)的句子連接起來
The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.
和逗號一同使用引出一系列名詞
The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.
破折號Dash [-]
在一個句子前作總結(jié)
Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.
在一個句子的前面或后面加入額外的注釋
The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.
表示某人在說話過程中被打斷
The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake began to shake the room.
連字符Hyphen [-]
連接兩個單詞
sweet-smelling
fire-resistant
將前綴
anti-Canadian
non-contact
在數(shù)字中使用
one-quarter
twenty-three
英語六級詞匯與語法結(jié)構(gòu)命題趨勢
詞匯命題趨勢
《大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱修訂稿》對大學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)階段詞匯教學(xué)的較高要求(六級)規(guī)定如下：
領(lǐng)會式掌握的單詞為5，500個，其中復(fù)合式掌握的單詞為3，000個，以及由這些詞構(gòu)成的常用詞組2000條(中學(xué)所掌握的單詞和詞組包括在內(nèi))，并具有按照構(gòu)詞法識別生詞的能力，領(lǐng)會式掌握是指看到英語單詞能理解其詞義，復(fù)合式掌握是指能正確拼寫單詞并掌握其基本詞義和用法。大學(xué)英語六級測試就是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生是否達(dá)到了較高要求。
在大學(xué)英語六級考試中，詞匯和語法同屬一個考試項(xiàng)目，考試時間為20分鐘，考試題數(shù)為30個，計分為每小題0.5分，其計15分。題目分配：30道題中，約60%(18道題)為詞和短語的用法，約40%(12道題)為語法結(jié)構(gòu)�？梢�，與四級測試相比而言，六級更重視詞匯的測試。考試范圍為教學(xué)大綱詞匯表一至六級全部內(nèi)容。測試詞匯量大約5000～5300個單詞及一定量的習(xí)語，涉及動詞、動詞短語、名詞、形容詞和副詞等，目的是為了測試學(xué)生運(yùn)用詞、短語的能力。
從歷年大學(xué)英語六級考試的試卷分析可以看出：詞匯測試主要集中在詞義的記憶與辨析、詞匯的搭配與用法等項(xiàng)目上，歸納起來，可大致分為下列幾種：?
1.同義、近義辨析題 詞匯區(qū)別是詞匯測試的一個重要方面，它主要是對同義詞或近義詞在含義與用法上進(jìn)行區(qū)別。這類試題的選項(xiàng)是四個詞性相同、詞義相同或相近的詞。測試的目的在于檢測考生辨別詞義和運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。詞匯區(qū)別一直是學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語過程中遇到的一大難題。這主要是由于他們沒有掌握漢英兩種語言在詞匯方面的差異，往往只注意英語的漢語釋義，而忽略了其本身的內(nèi)在涵義和用法。 eg. The driver of the lorry sustained only minor to legs and arms. A. hurt B. wound C. harm D. injury 答案 D。餐車司機(jī)的腿和胳膊只受了一些輕傷。這道題測試考生對同義詞細(xì)微差別的辨別能力。四個選項(xiàng)中的名詞都含有“傷害”之意，但它們之間還有語義使用范圍上的細(xì)微差別。hurt多指“感情、精神”上的傷害。wound多指由槍炮等武器所造成的傷害。harm指危害、害傷。injury指在事故、戰(zhàn)爭中所受的傷害。根據(jù)題意，答案應(yīng)選D。
2.近形詞匯題 英語詞匯中，有一些拼寫很相似，但它們的詞義或詞性卻不同。英語六級考試的一條重要命題規(guī)律就是用形近詞來干擾考生作出正確選擇。其目的是要檢測考生辨別詞形和運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。如果考生平時不善于對形近詞進(jìn)行自覺的對比，對它們的差異不甚了解，那就會在答題時緋徊不定，難以作出正確的選擇，甚至張冠李戴。? eg.Though the long term cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford 答案 B。盡管工程的遠(yuǎn)期效果還無法預(yù)測，委員會還是批準(zhǔn)了這項(xiàng)工程。這四個詞拼寫相似，但它們的詞義或詞性卻不同。affect動詞，意為“影響”；effect為名詞，意為“效果”；effort名詞，意為“努力”；afford動詞，意為“負(fù)擔(dān)得起；提供”。掌握了它們之間的這些差異，你會毫不猶豫地選擇B。
3.詞組與習(xí)慣用法辨析題 1)動詞短語搭配 英語動詞短語是英語的難點(diǎn)之一，它是由動詞+副詞、動詞+介詞、動詞+副詞+介詞幾種方式構(gòu)成的慣用組合，具有自己獨(dú)特的意義。其意義、語法、用法等常使考生感到困難。首先，動詞短語的詞義不是動詞和副詞、介詞等小品詞的簡單組合，往往難以從字面上理解。其次，動詞短語的使用場合及范圍不易弄清楚。第三，同義、近義和反義的動詞短語容易混淆。要學(xué)好英語，必須學(xué)會使用動詞短語。測試動詞短語的題目在詞匯題中占有很大的比例，其目的是測試考生辨別和運(yùn)用動詞短語，尤其是同一動詞所構(gòu)成的不同動詞短語的能力。? eg.The car won't start because the battery was ._______ A.run up B.run down C.run off D.run over 答案 B。蓄電池電力減弱了，因此汽車無法發(fā)動起來。這是一個因果關(guān)系的句子�！捌嚍槭裁窗l(fā)動不起來?”原因是“電池電力減弱”。四個選項(xiàng)中，只有run down有“減弱”之意，其它三個選擇項(xiàng)與本句意思不合。run up表示“增長”，run off“逃離”；run over“溢出”。如果考生掌握了這四個動詞短語的含義，就會作出正確的選擇了。?
2)習(xí)慣用語題 英語習(xí)語(English idiom)具有特有的、約定俗成的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，如“步行”，可說on foot,不說by foot，而“乘車”要說by bus,不說on bus。再如anything but與nothing but兩個詞組意義完全不同anything but的基本意思是not at all,而nothing but的基本意思是only。英語中的習(xí)語令人眼花繚亂，其構(gòu)成形式有的甚至無規(guī)律可循。它們通常由兩個或兩個以上的詞組成，不能任意拆開。其意義常常不是單詞意義的簡單結(jié)合，而是另外具有新的意義。因此，應(yīng)把詞組作為一個整體來記。測試的目的是檢驗(yàn)考生對常用詞組的理解和運(yùn)用能力。? eg.Please don't stand in the kitchen door, you're ______ . A.in a way B.by the way C.in no way D.in the way 答案 D。不要站在廚房門口，你擋路了。這四個選擇項(xiàng)都是固定詞組，都有自己的含義。ina way表示“在某種程度上或某點(diǎn)上”；by the way“順便說一下”；in no way“決不”；in the way表示“擋路，妨礙”；“阻止”。根據(jù)題意答案應(yīng)為D。學(xué)生面對這些貌似雜亂無章，沒有規(guī)律可循的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法，一方面要廣讀多看，博詞強(qiáng)記；另一方面還要會尋找規(guī)律，學(xué)會歸納，避免機(jī)械記憶而事倍功半。 總而言之，解答詞匯題的先決條件是對詞匯的理解和辨析。因此考生平時要注意弄清楚詞的內(nèi)涵和外部關(guān)系，尤其是要注意了解名詞、動詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞彼此之間以及它們與介詞或副詞之間的搭配關(guān)系。與此同時，還要留心詞的慣用法，把習(xí)語作為一個整體儲存在腦海里。?
語法命題趨勢
語法結(jié)構(gòu)是考生必須掌握的一個重要部分。在六級考試中，語法內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在詞語用法與語法結(jié)構(gòu)這一部分(Vocabulary and Structure)。從以往考試的全真題來看，語法結(jié)構(gòu)所占的比例略小于詞語用法，但數(shù)目相差并不多。語法測試要求考生根據(jù)題目所提供的某種線索，從給出的四個選擇項(xiàng)中選出在語法規(guī)則上、語意邏輯上及文體上與題干完全吻合的最佳答案。從內(nèi)容上來看，語法部分的測試強(qiáng)調(diào)全面性，除略微偏重虛擬語氣外，教學(xué)大綱語法結(jié)構(gòu)表中的其他語法項(xiàng)目幾乎都涉及到了。語法測試的另一個重要特點(diǎn)是其特殊性，測試的重點(diǎn)多為語法項(xiàng)目中的特殊點(diǎn)，如虛擬語氣中if的省略與倒裝、情態(tài)動詞與完成體的搭配等。 因此，考生必須在全面、準(zhǔn)確、透徹掌握基本語法項(xiàng)目的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步鉆研其中特殊的疑難點(diǎn)，并輔以大量的`練習(xí)，才能順利通過語法難關(guān)。 語法結(jié)構(gòu)部分主要測試時態(tài)和語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、主從復(fù)合句(定語從句、名詞從句、狀語從句等)、句法結(jié)構(gòu)(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝語序、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等)以及一致問題、固定句型等內(nèi)容。考生需要注意的是，在開始答題之前，一定要對選擇項(xiàng)及題干進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的分析，辨明該題所要測試的語法點(diǎn)以及出題者的測試意圖，只有這樣，在應(yīng)試時才能做到心中有數(shù)，臨場不亂。
一般將來時(Simple Future Tense)
一般將來時也譯為單純將來時。
例A：I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
�。ㄈ缑魈煜掠晡揖筒粊�。）
例B：My brother will leave for the United States next week.
�。ㄎ业母绺缦滦瞧谝矫绹�。）
解說 從句式我們可以了解一般將來時的表達(dá)須借助于助動詞“shall／will”。關(guān)于“shall／will”的用法，傳統(tǒng)文法談得很多，同時各文法學(xué)家的理論也不很一致。更重要的是英國人和美國人對“shall／will”的用法規(guī)則并不很一致，也不很嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，所以本書擬只提供下面的五個規(guī)則，相信各位只要把下面這五個規(guī)則學(xué)通了，你的“shall／will”的用法就可以中規(guī)中矩了。
�、僬f或?qū)懚急M量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的簡縮形（如用法例2、3）。
�、谝磉_(dá)主語的“意志”，通常都用“will”（文法上稱為意志將來。）
例A：I won't see him again.
�。ㄎ也辉敢庠俸退娒妗＃�
例B：Who will go and help that poor old man?
�。ㄕl愿意去幫助那個可憐的老人？）
Mary will . （瑪莉愿意。）
�、壅f話者要把自己的“意志”表達(dá)或行使出去，通常用“shall”。
例A：You shall not do that again.
�。悴豢梢栽僮瞿菢拥氖�。）
例B：He shall return that book tomorrow.
（明天他必須把那本書歸還。）
�、艿谝蝗朔Q問句使用“shall”。
例A：Shall I call you a taxi ?
（需要我替你叫一輛出租車嗎？）
例B：Shall we tell her the truth ?
�。ㄎ覀兛梢园褜�(shí)情告訴她嗎？）
�、輪柧涫恰癝hall…?”，答句就用“shall ~”；問句用“Will …？”，答句就用“will ~ ”。
例A：Shall you go to school tomorrow ?
�。忝魈祉氁蠈W(xué)去嗎？）
Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .
（是的，我必須去。我們明天有考試。）
例B：Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
�。魈炷阋灰臀乙坏廊W(xué)校？）
No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.
�。ㄎ也灰�。我已定好要去郊游。）
注：Let's …”的附加疑問通常使用“…, shall we ?”。
Let's have a rest, shall we?
�。ㄎ覀冃菹⒁幌�，怎樣？）
一般將來時除了使用“shall／will + V…”以外，也可以使用下列的幾種句式來表達(dá)。
1．be going to + V … （即將會……；打算將……）
例A：It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.
�。◣б话褌闳�。看樣子就要下雨了。）
例B：The Browns are going to move to Australia.
（布朗先生全家打算遷移到澳大利亞去。）
2．be about to + V （即將……，指緊接著要發(fā)生的動作。）
例：Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.
�。ㄎ覀兊纫幌�。他即將會到達(dá)。）
3．be + V-ing …（定于……，指接近的將來動作。）
例：He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
�。ㄋㄓ诿魈煸绯康较愀廴�。）
4．be + to V （定于……，指預(yù)定的將來動作。）
例：She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
（她定于明晨九時到達(dá)這里。）
5．V-（e）s （定于……，指接近的將來動作，但不如第3項(xiàng)主觀。）
例：He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
（他定于明天早晨到香港去。——與（3）項(xiàng)的區(qū)別在于（3）項(xiàng)的動作是出自主語的決定，（5）項(xiàng)則不一定是出自主語的決定。）
常用于修飾一般將來時的時間副詞有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning （afternoon, evening）, next + 時間 （next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year）, in （the） future （將來），soon （不久之后），in +時間 （in five days——再過五天，in two weeks——再過二星期），etc.
Drilling Square
�、瘢堅谙铝懈黝}空格處填入shall或will。
1．You ______ not drive through a red light.
2．I ______ do everything for her.
3．______ you help me with this heavy bag, John?
4．______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam?
5．Let's go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?
6．"No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay," said the teacher.
7．It ______ soon be over, I am sure.
8．Do what you ______ , but don't go out.
9．I ______ take you there with me, if it's OK with your mother.
10．Rain or shine, I ______ come.
�、颍堅谙铝懈黝}空格處就所設(shè)動詞給予適當(dāng)?shù)膶頃r。
1．A：How do you want to go to Hualain, by air or by train?
B：I am not in a hurry this time, so I （1） take the train.
2．A：（2） （you like） to go to the game this afternoon?
B：I'd love to. Where （3） （we meet） ?
A：You just stay home and wait for me. I （4） drive my car there, so I （5） （pick） you up at about 1:30 .
3．A：It's a good dictionary . I （6） （buy） it, but I don't have money with me now.
B：Don't worry. I （7） （lend） you.
4．A：I hear Miss Chen （8） leave our school and teach in a bigger school in Taipei.
B：But the principal （校長） （9） not let her go . He says she （10） teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher.
英語中有哪些基本句式
英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：
S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十F主系表結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)
S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補(bǔ)足語
五個基本句式詳細(xì)解釋如下：
1．S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物動詞，又叫自動詞(vi．)。例如：
He runs quickly．
他跑得快。
They listened carefully．
他們聽得很仔細(xì)。
He suffered from cold and hunger．
他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country．
中國屬于第三世界國家。
The gas has given out．
煤氣用完了。
My ink has run out．
我的鋼筆水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系動詞(link v．)，常見的系動詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks．
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．
他似乎對這本書感興趣。
The story sounds interesting．
這個故事聽起來有趣。
The desk feels hard．
書桌摸起來很硬。
The cake tastes nice．
餅嘗起來很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．
花聞起來香甜。
You have grown taller than before．
你長得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill．
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still．
他靜靜地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．
他長大后當(dāng)了教師。
He could never turn traitor to his country．
他永遠(yuǎn)不會背叛他的祖國。
注意：有些動詞同時也是及物動詞，可構(gòu)成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down．
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．
他伸出手來摸象。
They are tasting the fish．
他們在品嘗魚。
They grow rice in their home town．
他們在家鄉(xiāng)種水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on．
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．
請把這個句于澤成英語。
3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物動詞(vt．)，因此有賓語。例如：
I saw a film yesterday．
我昨天看了一部電影。
Have you read the story?
你讀過這個故事嗎?
They found their home easily．
他們很容易找到他們的家。
They built a house last year．
他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?/p>
They‘ve put up a factory in the village．
他們在村里建了一座工廠。
They have taken good care of the children．
這些孩子他們照看得很好。
You should look after your children well．
你應(yīng)該好好照看你的孩子。
4．S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me．
他給我一本書。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me．
他帶給我一枝鋼筆。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me．
他把座位讓給我。
注意下邊動詞改寫后介詞的變化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買了一本書。
He got me a chair/a chair for me．
他給我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me．
請幫我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me．
他問我個問題。
注意，下邊動詞只有一種說法：
They robbed the old man of his money．
他們搶了老人的錢。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危險。
The doctor has cured him of his disease．
醫(yī)生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats．
我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak．
他們剝奪了他說話的權(quán)利。
5．S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有賓語補(bǔ)足語的及物動詞。常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞。
常見的可接賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞很多，哪些動詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補(bǔ)，須根據(jù)動詞的慣用法而定，不能統(tǒng)而概論。請看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry．
他們使這個女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day．
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。
I found him out．
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。
I saw him in．
我見他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand．
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。
They named the boy Charlie．
他們給這個男孩起名為查理。
I saw him come in and go out．
我見他進(jìn)來又出去。
They felt the car moving fast．
他們感到汽車行駛得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now．
我剛才聽到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him．
他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對
他關(guān)閉了。
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