卜算子 詠梅 陸游寫(xiě)的
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：陸游《卜算子》以“詠梅”為題，作者是以梅花自喻，下文是原文知識(shí)內(nèi)容，與大家分享閱讀詳細(xì)。
卜算子 · 詠梅①
驛外②斷橋③邊，寂寞④開(kāi)無(wú)主⑤。
已是黃昏獨(dú)自愁，更著⑥風(fēng)和雨。
無(wú)意⑦苦⑧爭(zhēng)春⑨，一任⑩群芳⑪妒⑫。
零落⑬成泥碾⑭作塵⑮，只有香如故⑯。
【注釋】
�、俨�(bǔ)算子·詠梅：選自吳氏雙照樓影宋本《渭南詞》卷二。“卜算子”是詞牌名。又名《百尺樓》《眉峰碧》《楚天遙》《缺月掛疏桐》等。萬(wàn)樹(shù)《詞律》卷三《卜算子》：“毛氏云：‘駱義鳥(niǎo)(駱賓王)詩(shī)用數(shù)名，人謂為“卜算子”，故牌名取之。’按山谷詞，‘似扶著賣卜算’，蓋取義以今賣卜算命之人也。”
�、隗A(yì)外：指荒僻、冷清之地。驛：驛站，供驛馬或官吏中途休息的專用建筑。
③斷橋：殘破的橋。一說(shuō)“斷”通“籪”，籪橋乃是古時(shí)在為攔河捕魚(yú)蟹而設(shè)籪之處所建之橋。
�、芗拍汗聠卫淝濉�
�、轃o(wú)主：自生自滅，無(wú)人照管和玩賞。
⑥更：副詞，又，再。著(zhuó)：同“著”，遭受，承受。更著：又遭到。
⑦無(wú)意：不想，沒(méi)有心思。自己不想費(fèi)盡心思去爭(zhēng)芳斗艷。
⑧苦：盡力，竭力。
�、釥�(zhēng)春：與百花爭(zhēng)奇斗艷。此指爭(zhēng)權(quán)。
�、庖蝗危喝危耆�(tīng)?wèi){;一：副詞，全，完全，沒(méi)有例外。任：動(dòng)詞，任憑。
⑪群芳：群花、百花。百花，這里借指詩(shī)人政敵──茍且偷安的主和派。
⑫妒(dù)：嫉妒。
⑬零落：凋謝，隕落。
⑭碾(niǎn)：軋爛，壓碎。
⑮作塵：化作灰土。
⑯香如故：香氣依舊存在。
【白話譯文】
驛站外斷橋旁。梅花寂寞地開(kāi)放、孤孤單單.無(wú)人來(lái)欣賞。黃昏里獨(dú)處已夠愁苦.又遭到風(fēng)吹雨打而飄落四方。它花開(kāi)在百花之首.卻無(wú)心同百花爭(zhēng)享春光，只任憑百花去總妒。即使花片飄落被碾作塵泥，也依然有永久的芬芳留在人間。
【創(chuàng)作背景】
陸游一生酷愛(ài)梅花，將其作為一種精神的載體來(lái)傾情歌頌，梅花在他的筆下成為一種堅(jiān)貞不屈的形象的象征。
聯(lián)系陸游的生平不難理解，詞中的梅花正是作者自身的寫(xiě)照。陸游的一生可謂充滿坎坷。他出生于宋徽宗宣和七年(公元1125年)，正值北宋搖搖欲墜、金人虎視耽耽之時(shí)。不久隨家人開(kāi)始動(dòng)蕩不安的'逃亡生涯，“兒時(shí)萬(wàn)死避胡兵”是當(dāng)時(shí)的寫(xiě)照，也使他在幼小的心靈深處埋下了愛(ài)國(guó)的種子。紹興二十三年(1153年)，陸游赴臨安應(yīng)進(jìn)士考試，因其出色的才華被取為第一，但因秦檜的孫子被排在陸游之后，觸怒了秦檜，第二年禮部考試時(shí)居然被黝免。秦檜黝免陸游的原因，一方面是挾私報(bào)復(fù)，一方面也是因其“喜論恢復(fù)”，引起這一投降派首腦的嫉恨。直到秦檜死后，陸游方開(kāi)始步入仕途。這之后，陸游的仕途也并非一帆風(fēng)順，而是幾起幾落。他曾到過(guò)抗金前線，身著戎裝投身火熱的戰(zhàn)斗生活，從而體會(huì)到了“詩(shī)家三昧”。從此那壯懷激烈的戰(zhàn)斗場(chǎng)面和收復(fù)失地的強(qiáng)烈愿望成為其詩(shī)歌中最為動(dòng)聽(tīng)的主旋律。然而南宋小朝廷偏安一隅，對(duì)眼前的剩水殘山頗為滿足，并不真正想要恢復(fù)。即使有時(shí)不得不作出些姿態(tài)，也是掩人耳目，心不在焉。因此，陸游曾兩次被罷官，力主用兵是最主要原因所在。盡管陸游的愛(ài)國(guó)熱情慘遭打擊，但其愛(ài)國(guó)志向始終不渝。這在他的詩(shī)歌中得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。不難理解，其《卜算子·詠梅》正是以梅寄志的代表，那“零落成泥碾作塵，只有香如故”的梅花，正是詩(shī)人一生對(duì)惡勢(shì)力不懈的抗?fàn)幘窈蛯?duì)理想堅(jiān)貞不渝的品格的形象寫(xiě)照。
【賞析】
這首《卜算子》以“詠梅”為題,作者是以梅花自喻.
“寂寞開(kāi)無(wú)主”這一句,詞人將自己的感情傾注在客觀景物之中,首句是景語(yǔ),這句已是情語(yǔ)了.日落黃昏,暮色朦朧,這孑然一身、無(wú)人過(guò)問(wèn)的梅花,何以承受這凄涼呢?它只有“愁”—— 而且是“獨(dú)自愁”,這與上句的“寂寞”相呼應(yīng).驛外斷橋、暮色、黃昏,本已寂寞愁苦不堪,但更添凄風(fēng)冷雨,孤苦之情更深一層.“更著”這兩個(gè)字力重千鈞,前三句似將梅花困苦處境描寫(xiě)已至其但二句“更著風(fēng)和雨”似一記重錘將前面的“極限”打得崩潰.這種愁苦仿佛無(wú)人能承受, 至此感情渲染已達(dá)高潮,然而盡管環(huán)境是如此冷峻,它還是“開(kāi)”了!上闋四句,只言梅花處境惡劣、于梅花只作一“開(kāi)”字,但是其倔強(qiáng)、頑強(qiáng)已不言自明.
上闋集中寫(xiě)了梅花的困難處境, 它也的確還有 “ 愁”.從藝術(shù)手法說(shuō),用環(huán)境、時(shí)光和自然現(xiàn)象來(lái)烘托.上闋四句可說(shuō)是“情景雙繪”.讓讀者化一系列景物中感受到作者的特定環(huán)境下的心緒—— 愁!也讓讀者逐漸踏入作者的心境.
下闋,托梅寄志.從側(cè)面諷刺了群芳.暗含著作者的不幸遭遇揭露了茍且偷安的那些人的無(wú)恥行徑.說(shuō)“爭(zhēng)春”,是暗喻人事; “ 妒”,則非草木所能有.這兩句表現(xiàn)出陸游性格孤高,決不與爭(zhēng)寵邀媚、阿諛?lè)暧綖槲榈钠犯窈筒晃纷嫐�、�?jiān)貞自守的崚.傲骨.
最后幾句,把梅花的“獨(dú)標(biāo)高格”,再推進(jìn)一層： 前句承上闋的寂寞無(wú)主、黃昏日落、風(fēng)雨交侵等凄慘境遇.這句七個(gè)字四次頓挫：“ 零落”, 不堪雨驟風(fēng)狂的摧殘,梅花紛紛凋落了,這是第一層.落花委地,與泥水混雜,不辯何者是花,何者是泥了,這是第二層.從“碾”字,顯示出摧殘者的無(wú)情,被摧殘者的凄慘境遇,這是第三層.結(jié)果梅花被摧殘、被踐踏而化作灰塵了.這是第四層.看,梅花的命運(yùn)有多么悲慘,簡(jiǎn)直不堪入目令人不敢去想像.讀者在此時(shí)已融入了字里行間所透露出的情感中.
但作者的目的決不是單為寫(xiě)梅花的悲慘遭遇,引起人們的同情;從寫(xiě)作手法上來(lái)說(shuō),仍是鋪墊,是蓄勢(shì),是為了把下句的詞意推上最高峰.雖說(shuō)梅花凋落了,被踐踏成泥土了,它那“別有韻致”的香味,卻永遠(yuǎn)“如故”,仍然不屈服于寂寞無(wú)主、風(fēng)雨交侵的威脅.
末句具有扛鼎之力,它振起全篇,把前面梅花的不幸處境,風(fēng)雨侵凌,凋殘零落,成泥作的凄涼、衰颯、悲戚,一股腦兒拋到九霄云外去了.
此詞十分成功地運(yùn)用比興手法作者以梅花自喻,以梅花的自然代謝來(lái)形容自己.此時(shí),已將梅花人格化.“詠梅”,實(shí)為表白自己的思想感情,給我們留下了十分深刻的印象,成為一首詠梅的杰作.
【賞析英文翻譯】
This is the first of the BU operator "to" a few "as its theme, the author is self-evident to Plum.
"Lonely orphan" this sentence, CI will own feelings into the scenery in objective, the first sentence is King, it was love language. Sunset twilight, Twilight haze, which alone, unchallenged by Phillips, why take this dreary? it only the "sad" and "sorrows" and the "lonely on the sentence." Post external bridge, Twilight, Twilight, the lonely melancholy, but more the chill wind blowing, the loneliness of a deeper level. "The more the" two words force heavy supremely, the first three sentences might be the situation described is plum blossom hardship to it but the second sentence "even the wind and rain," like a hammer to the front of the "limit" to crash. This sorrow as if no one can afford, so emotional rendering has reached a climax, but despite the environment is so cold that it still "open"! sentences, on concerns only the situation worse, says Phillips at Phillips only for an "open", but its stubborn and tenacious is self-evident.
Regarding the focus on wrote the difficult situation of plum blossom, it does have the "melancholy". From the artistic means that use of the environment, time and natural phenomena to contrast. Four sentence on an awful lot can be said to be "situational double painted". Let the readers of a series of scenes in feel the author's specific environment mood — worry! also let readers gradually into the author's State of mind.
The following songs, Tome send Chi. From the side ironic shape. Implies the author's misfortune to expose a muddle of those shameless acts. The "falls" is a metaphor of personnel; "envy", the non-vegetation can have. These two lines show the solitary Lu you's personality and high, and never sees invited Mei, flattering of company's character and not slander, staunch Automorphic of shaped white. pride.
Last words, Phillips of "independence", then the elevation that promote a layer: front line bearing on an awful lot of lonely orphan, sunset, and rain turn penetrating and so miserable situation. This is the fourth of seven words: "full of disappointments, sudden rain" from the ravages of wind maniac, Phillips have litters, the first layer. I appointed, and slurry, don't argue what is flower, which is the mud, and this is the second layer. From "grind", showing the devastation of the merciless, ruined the miserable circumstances, a third layer. The result is torn, plum blossom is trampled on and into dust. This is the first four layers. The fate of the clubs have tragic, really offensive not dare to imagine. The reader at this point the lines have been integrated into the revealing emotion.
But the author's purpose is simply to write the black misery evoke sympathy; from writing practices, paving the way, is still a poised to take the next sentence word onto. Although Phillips has been trampled on litter, into the soil, it makes the "enjoying" fragrance, "never" as before, still not yielding to the lonely orphan, rain and wind over the threat of invasion.
The last sentence with the forces of kangding, it inspires the whole article, to the tragic situation in front of plum blossom, and rain penetration ling, the phantoms, eroded into mud made miserable, miserable failure in SA, brought about me.
This term is very successfully used metaphor approach author to Plum self-evident to Plum's natural metabolism to describe themselves. At this point, the personification of clubs. "A few" to express their feelings, to our left a very deep impression, become a masterpiece of a few.
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