[Ʒ]c̰
һŵĽҪMн̰̰ڷe۽̌W߽̌W|ô˽^̰Сġc̰ϣ܉
c̰1
̌WĿˡ
1W8֡_x⡰ɡ(ji)V~Z
2иxnģct֮gĸ
3ץסnĵc~wӵ˼Ħΰct֮gĸ錑w
̌Wc
wˌtϲۺo֮
̌Wyc
LĮct֮gĬ
̌Wrg
2nr
̌W^̡
һnr
һՄԒn
1ゃҊ^ں߅ҊЩfftʲôӵĆ
2҂WһƪPںt˵Ĺ
3̎n}WRx
xnW~
1zA~xr
1ͬxӆ
2ָx{~xΣ
ܣsxunubnɠIynƣsh
֡gҪcƲϰ벿ǡʿ
2~˼磺
֓PD죺ߵͣDDۡ
HǣʮH
xnWnĵһ
1Ĭxnģע⌢nֺ~xʴ_
2ٞg[n˼@n}Ҫʲô£ͬrµĽY
ˎʮһιB(yng)tctYȥẗ́exȥ
3nЩطwctСMӑՓ
̎WĻشccܣ
1ιtץס茑˄ġ顱茑tġߡιtĄ֮gǷNĬϡ(lin)ϵc茑Įߵıǡġ
иxn^Xп߅@Lct֮g@擴ĸĄW@Ԓb
2t
WԼԒνB@փffԼ.
ָWxnģlxܱFct֮g@H֮
3Մt
WՄ̎mrСYftϲ^ʮÿ궬죬˶߅ιtLo˺ͺtHһ
СY҂ԏĽČWиܵct֮gĸ¹(ji)n҂^m(x)Wn
I(y)OӋ
1_xnġ
2֡~
ڶnr
һnăn
ͨ^Ϲ(ji)nČW҂֪ct֮gĸ҂Wẗ́e˵ĸˮ档
Wnĵڶ
1ָWxnwܺt˾ӵУ
2ٞg[n߅x߅˼Щط¶t˵飿СMȽӑՓ
3ͬ
1t˵zwPBQ
ʲôˑB(ti)cƽrһӣ
ƽrtԸdZ{gӭҊǟoȚg˕r˲Ҋֻʣzt@ɻе
ָWx@Щ茑ܺt@֡
2tأzǰվɃ
tʲôҪ@
`cĸeѽˮԼHˡ
ָWиx
3zrtz
tʲôҪ
txȥϣhһֻ˵һҲá
ՈY茑PZһ®rĈ㮔rڈ@ɫuУwʲô
tc˵ĸ̫ˡ
иx
ؚwwA飺
1@һ棬҂ܸЄ҂?yu)֮@҂Ҫtʲô@ӵĮeأ(lin)ϵnеPZՄһՄĬxȫ˼
2WȻxnĵĵһ֣rĄW܉YMͨ^xһֵPZ䣬wܣˌtļğo˽cP֮gŽͬH˰УȥtŕFͬ
Yȫģ
ڴ߅˼o@һλPۄһ~ÿtwR߅ļ(ji)͕SһoιʳmȻѽȥPۄeh˂gȥ҂ٴиxһn}
c̰2
nn
̌WĿ
һ֪RĿ
1.˽⡶cƷĹ
2.Y茑Ʒζ˼Ը
ĿƷζƷ٘㡢^wZL
БB(ti)crֵ^WϵǷN\Ȼ(zhn)ěQĺ⡣
̌Wc
Ww茑Ըϵ
̌Wyc
ƷζƷ늈ʽZL
̌WPI
茑Ըϵ
̌W
l(f)
̌Wֶ
ýw
̾
ýw
nr
2nr
̌Wݼ^
һnr
һn
ߺʾƬ
Ʒ顣
ʾcDƬ
xnģ˽⹝(ji)xֵă
@ԳԁҊճ@r~DײFzԇD^ס~^˦ڑ~ͬr߀ҪԼw@⡢͈g^ǻۺͽȡ˄OεԼС߅ĴR~R~rѪȾt˺ˮ
СMAв鵽~PYϡ
I(y)ͬc
̌Wӛ
ڶnr
һxp
1.ՈͬWׂcR~龰ɶ˻ʾaɣͬrȌWďZͬСfZWƷζ^
1е
2еĴR~
3ĽY
2.}ӑ
1˫@ٵԭʲô
@͈g^֧˵wϣ֧˵ľʹ˫@ϣϵʥǻ۶ǿHеw֪R͙CǶǿHİ֧Լȡ@һε'
2ڃЌR~ʲôB(ti)
R~֎Čڌͬr֎oٝPZ⌑R~ĸcoxչʾcҏě]Ҋ^ߵĖ|ϵܡҺҲںllУR~ˈԏһČֺˉĖ|
3wʥ˵ăĪՄһՄ㌦ӡ
ǺıࡰӲhӝhŵ]ЏΣUĬFС˅s¸ҵؽܬF{Լ־(chung)ˬFAǷdz̕KKĄںĹPǂҪԽOˡ
չ
urcһӢxٝе˱Mһ_ʼ̎ڲλ84춼]в~eĝOʧ߀ݶ㲡С̵úĂ̡]XIԵȻӢ s֪䲻ɞ֮ڵ85Qġhȥ឴~һlδҊ^Ĵ~֪Լ߀óҸ㵽ס־һl~uԵ˴~s40ǡ˲Ǟʧһ˿Աܽoӿ
Wԣ
f@}ĿԓwζnPIͬrҲpƷζƷPIƳһϵСӲhȵرF挦\ͱܼl(f)w;ԼʧǰܱFLȡ폈P^MҺ͞yoՓӶֻһȻֻҪ@NLȣ˾֪ʧҪƴı@ʾărֵ˸ʮoСfʷ}ĿıWƷⲻxڃrֵȡϿSWжԪġД༰x
СY
ġI(y)
xԭc600ҵx
OӋ
c
ˣw˥ƣ
g
R~L
c
̌Wӛ
c̰3
̲wϵ
˽̰ZĵԱ
̌WĿˣ
1.֪RcĿˣ˽ҺƽcČWZ\ü
2.^cĿˣ鹝(ji)˹ՃĪ
3.БB(ti)crֵ^W˹挦Ͷ\ݔBľ
̌Wc
鹝(ji)ҳĪףӲh
̌Wyc
ՃĪ
̌W
bxpbxʶwߵ.Zc
̽ZĪȷԸc
̌Wnr
2nr
̾ʹã
ýw
̌W^̣
һn
lļcͬСfcߺĺνBĶn
BƷ
ȫ{˹?1899-19611954ȵZؐČW@l(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~CLtʮ֕܇˾Cӵһ(zhn)fӢ(zhn)ԺLړvWӛӛ݅ӵڶ(zhn)ȑ(zhn)껼N֮fͰl(f)ʮt(y)oЧKØԚ
cĄ(chung)زāԴһλŰϝOHv@ګ@1954ȵZؐČWСfǹŰһλɣϝOɣ၆ѽʮδ~ˣڵڰʮһ˳hںϽ^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;R~s~ԵĹ(ji)xҪc~龰СfRYβIJҲСf鹝(ji)ĸ߳
c~
߭Qɶkק^ƶΦUƤ_`߬ס_MȥȚPPTչʾ~ƴ
wȫ
1ٞg[ȫ}jµ鹝(ji)·ֶ
ccc^ccȺƣv˻ص
c̰4
̌WĿˣ
1иxnƷζnĵă(yu)ZcBĝH顣
2ߌWČB(yng)Z
3ڳxnĵĻAwn_ĸ飬Ħΰctĸ錑挍w
nǰʂ䣺
1̎ʂ䣺ýwn
2Wʂ䣺nǰAn
̌W^̣
һzAw֪
@(ji)n҂^m(x)W21nctϹ(ji)n҂ѽAnģlff@ƪnҪʲô
µĽYιʳ̈́͡eɂ
۽棬}
1@ɂ棬벻Ă
2Wٞg[nҳ벻ľӡ
3W|wYĆ}ʲôl(f)@ӵ£
ǰƷζιʳ
˵ʲôt@ӵeՈͬWɵxnĵĵһPľww
1WxnPw
2ȫཻ
ʾ˰ɺطں߅ćϣ_һtȺ̱һȺt¾͒ߵøɸɃ
1ܵʲô
ɶ_һw˵ļܵ
ġߡwWc˵Ϥ
2ָx
@ϤΣԘ˴߅@صL
ʾӣڗU߅߅tĹ(ji)ųһƬwİɫwһƪɫĘV
1ָx
2wİɫɫĘV^@ӵ·ʲô
3w˷ʳĹ(ji)
4(chung)O龰ָx
oՓǿ߀WI˵˼֮gϵôĬ@һƪɫ.V@ӵĮx@صLȫRx
ʾӣtQ֓PDسʲôȶ ԭHǵ׃{ĵطԒؼtɳ
1^һص㿴ʲô
2⡰HءWǘָHغ@Щt
3иеͣpأ@ͽС֓PDҷֽM݆ĺt
4@ĬԘ˴߅@LcFV䣬Rx
@ǕόǾԒtw̎Ԋ˕r҂ctHˣһ˵кtăŮһrr̿뵽Ķǡt뵽҆]УеľԒ
ʾӣѽһɫ^rһɫ{BbBʳĴϴҲɫ
1@ԒһBˎׂɫĬxʲôBɫ
2˸õ؎æゃ˽@λώľWռһЩYՈһλͬWxһwʲô
3x@ӛסɫ
ġؿۮƷζ̈́e
ɫ˵ɫˌtǷH烺ŮĐһ죬˅s]ڶ߀Ǜ]ֱĕr˲Ųۘǵˡιtĕr˵ӏɹһӵĻ@3ֻһXҺcst@һͳ˛QeʰzrֵXľһСۺ6uǽotuz^ڴ߅һKĹܶ˶ƬϺпհĵطMt@Ⱥ˵ăŮأҲ҂һxx
ʾĂ벻ľ
1WRx
2@ɫuеһֻСtQЩʲô
ؚwwA
B`Եƴ،o؈ctŸЄ˺ܶ118աtˡǑcĵ@_漆һλˮ߅控Цt߅wh(hun)@һtC̎öˡ҂ӛס@λιtġӛס@ȺÈġt
c̰5
̌WĿˣ
1JRnĵ8_x~
2иxnbԼϲgĶ䡣
3Ʒζnĵă(yu)ZcBĝH顣
4ڳxnĵĻAwn_ĸĦΰctĸ錑挍w
̌Wyc
1xnă˽cż֮gӵĸ
2wn_ĸĦΰctĸ錑挍w
nrţnr
һnr
̌Wݣ
1W~
2năl
̌W^̣
һl(f)ՄԒn
1ϲgtҊ^tlffԼϲgĺtʲôӵ
2ՈһԒٝһºt
3҂WһƪPڡ˺ͺtĹ¡n}xһx
W~
|ָԌW
1ffx@n}ʲô}WAO}УlctӺtôӵģ˺ͺt֮gʲônĔһʲô£
2҂͎@Щ}xnһ߅xһ߅J@ƪnđԓQЩ}ԼĬx˼ȻСMӑՓһһСMĺãĺWԌWnģ
zЧw֪
1ŴJxnMӑՓ҂һW@ƪnđԓQЩ}O놖}飺nĔһʲô£n˺ͺt֮gʲôӵxnξw˺ͺtxxһxЄӵĶ
2Wֹ(ji)xָ̎P~
3ӑՓnǰʲô팑˺ͺt֮gxģ
YRˡιtՄttˡٝˣ
4JЩ䌑ĺãxױмwһеĸWиؾxc䡣
5ľӄJcľӻ䄝҂һоо
xnc
1xһxnһȻȻfһfЩc
2ץס茑òcľxһxfһfߞʲô܉Ⱥҳλ
3ˏijǽǞʲô
4X@һλʲôc
5мxȻһιt
6fһf㌦˴̱һȺt@Ԓ@Ԓп˺ͺt֮gʲôPϵ
7Ʒζһ¡tĹ(ji)䣬ųһƬwİɫwһƪɫĘV@Ԓfһf@ӌʲô̎fһf@wʲôAO𰸣˺tĄӑB(ti)ɫ
I(y)
1nĵ~
2Լϲgľ
3иxnģbԼϲgĶ
ڶnr
̌Wݣ
1^m(x)Wnă
2Ʒζnĵă(yu)ZԣcBĝH
3иxnbԼϲgĶ
̌W^̣
һ룬عʶ֪
1~Z_܇xM~~fԒ
2ֶָxnănĴ⡣
3ffnĵČc
xՄBB
1Ĭxn˼}
˞ʲôҪot
ںtʲô ˵.
۪_tʲôϳʳ
һՄt˵۾ʲô̄
˞ʲôftvxԿwʲô
˞ʲôftǼBҸB⡰tw̎Ԋ@Ԓ
2СMӑՓ̽6}ӑһɂ}Ҳӑȫ}
3w˺ͺtx
4иxnxH
Ʒẍ́et
1^ɣtƽ⣬ĺtˮѣ˰ѺtHtѽ˽x߀ԏW̽ӑẗ́e˵ăݡ
2벻ʲôt˵ƬʲôFмxһxnxtĸ
3WץסPI~wվxnt
ٺtƬʲôwPBQ˄ݸƽrһ˕r˿̣һֻtôAO𰸣tͨDZҲܕе@кܶ}
ںtʲôzǰCվɃţ˕r˿һֱt댦fһʲôԒAO𰸣tzǰCǸe`DZܕf
4҂ò˵zrtʲôFʲô@ЩF׃һֱt˕rôvAO𰸣x_ّٲˡܕv
5ָW͵ءصx@Ԓ
չ쾚wA
1˕r˿һȺtеġ_ǡ^ɳt족fһԼfԒȻҽ
2λ˴˕rfԒfʲôAO𰸣˿ܕfҊ˺tҵӂǐ
YԒCl(f)C
1҂^һ룬nĵ·@ct֮gxwJnЩطĺՄՄԼĸܺ͆l(f)
2܇СԸcСサцfһfcСサ
I(y)
1nI(y)
2bԼϲgĶ
OӋ
21ct
ιt
Մtx
t
c̰6
̲Ķλ
c(ji)xDzZxԱσԵԪĵھƪ@ƪСfչFcȻ֮gһ@ĄǵIJһεˣ挦UĴǑYƺҲDzԶȻСfsͨ^IJչFһNԔľ
x@ƪµĕrҪ@@һʧӢ۵xwСfٝힵġ˵`Ʒxc~傀غϵIJУwZͬrҳ˵ăĪwFԸԼʾּ
B(yng)Ŀˡ
1.˽⺣ƷeČWR
2.˽СfСfҪƷ˼Ⱥ
3.xεˇgַՃĪĄ(chung)ַ̽ӑ
4.ϝOʥӲhԸW\{⡢ǻD^ĭh(hun)Mпľ
̌Wyc
Сf̽ӑƷ˼Ⱥ
̌W
̽cܷ
̌W^̡
һ龰
FĿLEҵĴ҂֮rӋ҂òL̤ˣPh֮r҂ԓӵˑB(ti)挦L죬҂߽ġcһҴ𰸡
֪Փ
1.˽ߡ
1899--1961ČW֮һҲǃɴ(zhn)֮gЂɫʺͪԵĽܳ^Ց(zhn)˽Űđ(zhn)1941ЇLؑcܕҊ^ܶ^6ƪPЇՑ(zhn)Ĉ(zhn)YӹŰ1954{c@ZؐČWز1961_Ԛ
2.(chung)
c@ƪСfǸġһ(zhn)Y,ƾӹŰ,JRϝOW˹1930,˵ĴڱLг],˹˺Ĵ,c˹Yx,һ~1936,˹hһl~,@l~̫,ں˺Lrg,Yښwб~u,rֻʣһǼܡ
3.ǰ
һʥϝOBm(x)84]һl~һ˳ThںϽ^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~
nĹ(ji)x.c~龰СfRYβIJҲСf鹝(ji)ĸ߳sռȫ֮һc茑c~傀غ
4.˽⡰ɽՓ
ڡ֮:һλɢҌ댑Ė|Д,ôʡ֪Ė|,x,ֻҪߌ挍,ҵظXʡԵĵط,ѽ˳ɽںƄӺfꂥ,@ֻа˷֮һ¶ˮϡ@ǺġɽՓ
5.˽⡰Ӳh
ӲhָƷгFһϵ@ЩȭţʿC˵,һN۲ԏԸ,挦,挦ɸ׃\,FһN(zhn)־,˵
cܡʽ茑
ָСf\˴Ī,HҌӛʥăĻ,ںƯđB(ti),ͨ^(lin)ķʽ,挍٬F˵˼c@ЩĪײH̽ʾ˹đ(zhn)ֵٌԺ挦yĈԼo@ԮĹª,WqS,SСf˼@@ƪСfҪɫ
ָ
һ
ֱӃĪ
ֱӃĪ@һN茑@ӵĪוrȟo߽ҲoO ԌRֱչʾoxoнxf@fҲfBͬ"f"""֮~ЩՓĕʧ˻ʧ
gӃĪ
gӃĪׄtһλo֪gչʾһЩδԱزֱӏRһ߄tͨ^uՓxxṩ
۟o֪茑
o֪茑һλo֪ҽ茑ľݺRӵ^ͨ^\Ây(tng)Ĕº茑@NRM
ܑԪ
ʽֱӏﵽxo߽gsһ FRҲĪǘӺo
\êʽ茑ԭt
ّضضh(hun)ЮaضăĪ
ֻPI鹝(ji)Fr,Ű֮ԱҪăĪ
ۃĪ,ҪŬF:ĸ鲨͏s׃^
w\á
ᘌеһ»ijNF,һ,UԼĿ,Ҫ\êʽ茑
ʾ:
ںLһΕrg,ԻЇH\еđԇeĿ^|Ҳ֪ԓȥ̎@NPϵԇČxɫ`һ֮ȥ,|,ijʧȥ˽,Ҳʧȥ˽Ŀȡ@m(x)ԇ,kͨ^@һP,ȫʩ|,Ҳkӳɞ|̎ĕr@һr,@һ^s˲Ϣf׃ĕrãȻˡ
ּ
@һͨ^Ƕ~¶~۲϶~^,һFPPӲh,ʥӢBľ,wFҪBZȡ,¸ҵ挦ʧđB(ti)
زķeۡ
1.ҴhҴҴwhҵ
2.cţ(zhn)ţţ㡣
3.ÿ˶һuһ˱@Թ̵čuZȻܳɞꑵһ
4.ֻҪӋ^ʧ]ʲôܿ˷
5.ƫ(zh)ǼŹֵĖ|ƫ(zh)˱Ȼ^Լ_Լ_˼L@NԞ_ֱĿ
c̰7
[̲ķ]
ctһnvһdz˵ĹʮǰڴżһȺwԽļttĴˣctY˲֮ÿ궬RtȺY꠵֮ҲssƵÿ쵽֮ȥιtLo衣ҕt郺Ůoιɣĺtö֮tc˽YxȻһ죬ȥt˵zǰwPBQCӣǞ`ăŮx_ԼHnĽYɷ֞ɴǰ벿ͨ^ιttctHеfԒFˌto˽Đһքtͨ^tzǰwPCQеȱѮչʾ˺t˵Ƿ
[̌W^]
nǰ
ͬW҂һMDƬՈͬWڿĕr˼@ЩDƬϲgһʲô䌍һҲԼеĐc҂һͬMһ挍Ĺȥc֮g顣
[OӋD]
ڱƪWc֮gĺC̎˵Ļ؈nǰ@һh(hun)(ji)УRһЩ܉wFccC̎Į棬WښgطՇеԷW@һnČWwJRҲnЌıݵ䁉|@h(hun)(ji)ҪwFҪ˼ǣWԷWıҪ漰ăн|ڴwᵽģW_ǷîǷwҪDzߵģ҂ĿHֹ{ӌWķeOl(f)WWĵĘȤȻ@h(hun)(ji)ʧrCӖWfԒǮȻҲʧһNõZČWT
ný̌W
һnzA
1ֱӌn}
2nǰͬWѽAnlfһfnvctʲô@Щ벻WYԼAի@fһf
[OӋD]
Ҍи꼉x̌WԵ꼉WH˽ĿİAnǰWAĕr߀ҪСMȹͬQnֵJxnăݵAn֮ϣͲWWֻǏnăݵwwFAręz
3ʲôl(f)@벻ՈͬWٞg[nģ~~~~PZ䄝һ
[OӋD]
ƪڵĆԪȵӖc^m(x)ӖWٵxnWnǰѽAnăټ֮nƪ̫LČHrnҰŌWٞg[ĭh(hun)(ji)wFnăϵwwFWxһNޕrӖӹPīxǑԓɞ꼉WxrеTbڌWc@njWӹPīxTṩһNbWxĻA˼˼ĻA~~~~PZ䄝һ
xͻyc
wfһfʲôl(f)@벻
WfģxPӕrW̵fһfԼxw@Nwǜ\@挍
оˌtĐ
ʲôͬͨ^ɫܸܵʲôώVゃ@ɫ·߀4ǰHֿpƵιtBһ·Ilx
[OӋD]
@h(hun)(ji)̎ɄԸnеČHr{rҪrҲWһx^]
Ͳͣ
1ιtB܇lx23x
2˞ιtÿ춼fÿ춼fCĺL˲ҳTĕr߀Ǯwѩwɽ·rȻ
3ôֻˣһs㿴ʲô
410һֱ@fѽѺt
5ǰ10ѽͺtYH˵İĸ飬҂һx
[OӋD]
@mȻǶ̶̵`һs10ˌt۵һNwF̎@ӕr뱾x鱾Wͨ^x֪nĵăݣͨ^c~վӃȺͨ^龳bx٬Fr档
ιt
1ͬǽotͲͣ˺ЩͬՈҷ_xxɶε֡
2ιtЩͬ
311һֱ@ĵιtÿ˺СĵطɶtȺ̱fʲô߀fʲôwx
4@غهVɵ tѽw@ɫĘУ ʲôܿʲôώ놖wtȺеһTϵôゃ?yu)ʲôwֻw
[OӋD]
ιtDZnеһ(ji)茑W@(ji)wˌtĐҪWc˵IJͬec~Zw팍FнɫDQwtȺеһTϵô࣬ゃ?yu)ʲôwֻwأWwˌtĺá@Nǡǡͨ^Wͬrεx¶
Մt
110ˣ˾@Ӿĵιẗ́eՄtrӵأՈͬWxһx1012
2εxʲô߀@һֵxʲôe˵Zԣ
[OӋD]
ˌtĐ۟oһһһowF@3Ȼε̎tǏccεIWܵˌtڵĐۡ
tĸe
2ʮǧӣһÿ춼һ˅s]ڶ߀Ǜ]Ёֱĕr˲ŲۘǵwιtĕrҲǰǘ߅߅˵ӏ˹Ρ@3ֻһ棬Xúcst]뵽@һͳeĴҲ@λ㡢ctˮt֪@һкôأWYxwf
1˕r˿̺tĽcˑB(ti)cһfѽl(f)F-----ҲfҲcҲһlfһfIJһҲܣҲܣ
һԼȥ@Ǽô˂ĵ°lxx
2һ뵽ҲܽoԼιʳˣȄӳ---һ뵽ҲܺԼҲHǵcԼfԒˣȄӳ---^һt---^һt---
tl(f)F˵xȥhҲ֪˃HHʡ¸XιССĸðZȥ֪RKĴ^߀һõɶֻϧҲo͵߅@һλôˑѽyֺt@ӣl߀x-----
3t@˵zվվþòӵ҂òȥ҂òȥzĕrtsxһ㿴tô__________ô__________
ô˵Ĉ氡҂x
4ˣɴϵĺts˵zǰþòԸxȥˌtĐںtҲõһNwFXߵʲô
[OӋD]
nĵ1416ȻnAĵطWõwҪ_̎@һ֕rώьWȶ龳ͨ^WԼƷxܺtwF`Ժ͌˵顣
չ죬A
˼o@λtڴһ~@Ҳǵһƽһ@~ϣʲô
[OӋD]
һƪnĵijFWWʲôʲôһ@N֪Rī@ȡsDz@h(hun)(ji)̎Wͨ^@һƽԼ@ȡ˼c
21ct
һͨĶҺsrtwß[
ιtȺкJλˡѽһʣtuɫ^rһɫ{BbBʳĴϴҲõɫѸV@λÿ첽жʮijǽsֻ˽otͲt
ٵĵطιtI˰ɶСĵطں߅ćϣ_һ飨cutȺ̱һȺt¾͒ߵøɸɃڗU߅߅tĹ(ji)ųһƬwİɫwһƪɫĘV
ںtQ֓PDسʲôȶ ԭHǣn׃{ĵطԒ_^tɳ
otȡ̲ס
˻^һȻtȻĂЂ
JóͬİɫꖹwW^ґܷ
㿴㿴ǂ_Эh(hun)ɳ˵ָoҿȻˮһ_ɳһ
ˮϑSֻtwһֻt_ϹȻWٵĹһֻw^ʳֻһֻ_ͣròȄӳƽǪ_߅oιʳ߅HǵfԒ
Մt˵۾
txļǰһֻtwxǰһBBñЪΣԞǸ[ŕԵǸҸeȥ]ЁҲ]ЁtǼBҸBftw̎ԊʮǰtһҾ֪ۂĸ㿴СģKzKt ҊˆRw^FFס·˶v^
̫ƫ˵ϴrˣ^һҪȥ fЪڵᣨdinϧȥ߿ձPtȺ۾
ѸVңʮһÿͺtH˘
]뵽ʮȻ˸V҂ȥˡ
@Ϣ҂·ֿҊ˺ͺtڴ߅S҂һιtƬŴ˴߅벻l(f)һȺtͻȻw˵zwPBQ˄cƽrһǰl(f)ʲô҂dz@æ˵Ƭ_麣tһƬյء
tȄӳ݆wzǰĿǰհzݵHƬϵĬĬעҕ܇Pwĺtעҕc˶قăŮ^һtzǰվ˃СCǞ`İʹ
҂òȥzĕrtըˠIƵijz^Qǘӽ҂òײŏ@ƬwӵİɫxunuwÓ
ڞeеY҂̧Ƿz`ȥ˱ǂ{߀ںtһwtȺ
c̰8
̌WĿ
֪RĿˣ
˽⺣ԼČL
Ŀˣ
1Сf}j្}
2W\÷rĪȿ̮ˇgֶ
3Wxַ\
Ŀˣ
1WWֱWԏ¸ԗľ
2eOϵĘ^^
̌WcСfҪcăĪMн
̌WycСfζ̌WСMWԒW ̌Wnrnr
̌W^̣
һnr
һZOӋ
҂[ښgͯ҂߸¶Lѽע҂HHҪ˻߀˻µăU҂жһ~Zۡ!@ֆĺ@ؐpȰcʷFoһһĴȻɹˣؐҲɹʷFҲɹˣͳąsʲôʹ|wˏ?ʲôʹď?҂һͬMQ顰FӢԒĂﺣСfcØ㌍oA֣Ux
Mߣ
ՈͬWԼՄռPY̎
(18991961)F20oČWҫ۵֮һƷF˵һ(zhn)һwԡ㯵һĴQ20oĩص˲СȭOC˵Ȟ˹ĶƪСf(chung)ˡӲhӡԸ
ec犞lQ̫ճ𡷵
Сf鹝(ji)
ʲôӵĹ°l(f)?
ՈWСfҪ
_ϝOɣ{ںBm(x)84DžsBһl~Ҳ]ڄeĝO˛Q85γȥԼ\֮ںϽ^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;Уһll~m(x)ρMˊ^ƴ߀Ǜ]ܵ֓ס~MصrR~ֻʣĹ(ji)xľǏ~F˻صO۵IJ
1.ᆖСf(ji)xֹc~Ďׂغϵ^?ʲô?
Wش傀غքec~c~c^~c~cȺ~
̎a䣺һǹªһǏğo~һһǏߣ^l? 2.ᆖc~^傀غУõЩ?Y?˵wr?R~r?
Wش
һغϣ~(G)K()܂R~Ե40
ڶغϣ(g)ւ~Եķ֮һ
غϣ(g)()Ѫ낀ӱҧ Ăغϣ̹ʹÅ
傀غϣ̹(G)()OƣHʣ ̎a䣺
ͨ^ϱ^҂ԿˌFԸ~MMM¸ҲKĽYõąsһf˳ɹfʧˣJ˵ʧ߀dzɹ? WӑՓشl(f)]ԡ ̎_
ʧ^sһo@;ɹڲ(zhn)У(zhn)ϵĄߡ
ڶnr
һp
1.ᆖСf鹝(ji)˵Ը? WӑՓش𣺈ԏ¸oη挦ʹӲhӵ
̮ˇgֶΣСf˷r̓ĪˇgֶΣʹ˵SȻ
2ᆖWҳ~茑 شٶȿ졢X`ӏ(zhn) 3ᆖ˾茑~к? ش𣺃ߌr˵¸ҡǻ
̎a䣺Ξ鷴rڌ֮wԸ֮ڸf^˸Ă̈́ij̶ֻнì܌Ă̈́ij̶ȲܺСfٵطO茑~ĶrгɣĄB
4ᆖÿһβ֮Сf˵@к?
ش𣺑(zhn)֮һN_o茑˿˵ăԶ^K(zhn)Լի@ʳ
ҪZ
һ˲ҪoģMɰɾǴ
@˵һλغ֮ăĪҲǴСfĺľwFɣԒԷ֞ɲց⣬ǰV҂ȻcУزҪRһЩĥy@Щĥyȫ|w@Ĵ䣬挦ֻҪһN^ľһwԏ`ô(zh)^ľĥ硣
x
}ĿǡcСfnjһλ˼ںϵĽvH˵O߸ѽԽһ˵ĴɞһNɣǡӲhӡĴt;~t҂еġ\˵һһLvL꣬Ҋʺ·;ɱ҂Ҫ\ֻнvc~^ܳɞ鏊ĸ衣
̎СY
܉һеIJǏһ˲.ߡ㑪ȑ(zhn)ҡԽ䌍ңԵğȥʲôӵ߁Ҍʲôӵȥ҂ÿһ˶иŬԘ^B(ti)ӭδ(zhn)
OӋ
c
һغϣ~(G)K()܂R~Ե40
ڶغϣ(g)ւ~Եķ֮һ
غϣ(g)()Ѫ낀ӱҧ Ăغϣ̹ʹÅ
傀غϣ̹(G)()OƣHʣ SĿˣ
֪Rcܣ
1˽ҺƽcČW 2ՃĪ΄ ^c
ڷ鹝(ji)^Ёɣ၆@λӲhҳăĪףMһ_ľSăͨ^̎OӋ}W˼ӑՓĶnĵ֪Rc
БB(ti)crֵ^
W˵ݔB
̌Wc鹝(ji)ҳĪףӲh
̌WycՃĪ ̌W龳l(f)}̽ӑՓ ̌Wʂ䣺ýwn
nrţ1nr
̌WE^̣
һ
[nǰҕlp]
ͬWpǴϤϲgҕеľƬ----ՓʲôǡͬW XúòţţǸcĔˣ֣oՓֶôҪMǻģŗԔҪ҂һW100ČWƷ֮һ̱ʽ30ČWƷ֮һġc˹ɣ၆硰ӲhԸôƵĵطՈͬWnģn@ʾn}c
nǰСyԇeČWе䣩[nչʾ]
ߺ[nչʾ]
ģ¹[nչʾ]
c@ƪСf@ZؐČW@ƪСfĄ(chung)زāԴһλŰϝOHv@ƪСfĹ鹝(ji)dzΡСfǹŰһλɣϝOɣ၆ѽʮδ~ڵڰʮһ˳hںϽ^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;УR~s~ԵĹ(ji)xҪc~龰СfRYβIJҲСf鹝(ji)*
壩n鹝(ji)
Сf(ji)xIJֱ^LЎΣ97ȽoһЩʾҿԸc~ɴβۻؼҰȫķ֞˂[WӑՓ_][nչʾ] }̽
1.ʲôrc~ӶBMвģ w˥ƣ^ۻ܂ ֳ]ʳȱoԮ 2.СfʲôҪL~ă ~ӶBȺYꠃ ȡČ
3.Ⱥ״c~Y ~暢һl
õӚɗl
õӚһ^
ö̹˃ɗl
ö̹Ⱥ~
ÿ΄KصĴrKoȵʧ 4.c~IJ ˡ--ȻҶ\ ----(zhn)Ԕ 5.οɣʧ
@һcȻ@ĄǵıÿȡһcˑKصĴroȵʧһNxρfһ\oՓôD^ĭh(hun){Լ⡢ǻMˊ^µĿR~mȻ]бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`@ʾˡһ˵ͿԵ_ʲô̶ȡһʧһʧӢ@һӲhӡСfеĴ~ccȻc֮MеF˟ocȵ⣬ʧ˵mqsϲ]бf@һwFfġMɰɾǴ˼
6.ɣǂӵ
Ӳhª\ؚFw˥^g
IʹؚF߱MȫB һR\^ŗӲhӣ
һ˲ҪoġMɾǴ
----ɣ
7.еĪʲôc?ʲô ijPϝOɣc~茑߀дăĪףҌӛɣăĻںƯ@đB(ti)ͨ^(lin)ķʽ挍٬F˵˼c@ЩĪײH̽ʾ˹ǃĵԺԼԮĹªWqSSСf˼룬СfҪɫСfеӲhӶǡţZ࣬ȱ˼ϝOɣsSă磬Јԏ˼֧Єӵ˳ɞ麣Сfп̮ɹ֮һĿ̮ԸͱF}ɷ
ߣOӋ
ˣnչ
1.ɣ@ʲôl(f)fԒӖ һ\Rҡ2.xcIܶ˵ĵǶ挦yďߡՈһƪxУ800ңӛԼxի@Ӗ
̌WĿˣ
1иxnģbԼJʮ־ʵZƬ2ָWĬxn֪JRϝO挦Ȼη֡ڲӢpƷζоʵZ3WYnăwc_˼4WJRơtIơȡtZ⡰ӛIơ砵t~~Z5WnxJRc@һărֵ
̌Wþߣýwn
̌Wţnr
һnr
һՄԒ
_ČWĚvʷLкܶгucƷ҂ҪJRһλ@ӵңʾ^ƬxһƳƷչʾһcȫxn}
xn
1xʴ_ͨ혡 1R
ȡjucl(f)ġġġͬ
gcg{ͬǰ֞
2W^MֲM~Z ꣨e 루I砣 ɳʒ Zt 3~Z
ӛ˻Ų磺
IIˮ߅ˮĵطˮĵط ᵣᵽͻ뺣еļεꑵءЌġĺᵡָе@Nεꑵ
һָɽȣͻ𣬶ָijijdָЍu픵ͻ
УЌڴ^ϡǡ˼
teֹȻ壬 Ӣλһ0.9072н k`̤ñۉֺ ⣺ijЩ|Ħ늲l(f)Ĺʯչڰ̎l(f)GɫĹ
˺̈́wȻwӲĽM
Ĭx˳ȫĶҪvЩʲôoԼӡ龰ʲô
@ƪnСfĿsȫֻ13Ȼɷ֞Ă֣
һ֣13ȻΣǰrˉҊϵĪ{кoף\
ڶ֣49ȻΣںϵr^ס˴RĪĴ~hĺϣ
֣10ȻΣwеrһȺ~uc~M@UKҵ
IJ֣1113ȻΣظۺr˂^~Ĺк˯։ҊϵĪ{
ڶnr
һ룺
҂ƷζҺPµϝOɣ၆Ăͬһȥv@ĄǵĈ
뼚xƷζ _̽
ՈͬW?yu)g[nģЩӡW
ϝOcR~^̵Ĉ档 ϝOc~^̵Ĉ
W̽ϝOcR~^ 1ʾxʾ
ָxWʾ
_WʾIJE 2WWʾW 3Wشc
߀]ֿ~o^z ָx
ƽ
~ˮϵľGU؉ˮ ˮһӢ̎
صý˲
O˶ƽoˮƯ
ϝOĄ^zڼ^zվoƴ֧ס
wϝOMcR~ֿR~ƺںϝOŲæ
Ă^ԺҵҲҪһ Ž
ٴ~fСĺȥ ϝOסڼϵ䓽z ӣ~ҵҲҪһ wϝOҪԳֵףQ;U w678Ȼεăݡ 1
ϝOĄo^zס^zӣ֓^zď
ڴ~ıFһӰϵ˴^߅ˡ¶
۴~ɫ砵Ƶβ͡L
2xϝOfԒ
3ӣҪ֪ʲôһ܉kõģʲôһܵס
(lin)ϵϝOĄZӼ~Ļ^˼
ʲôһ܉kõ
mȻR~η֣QҪ*
ʲôһܵס
Գֿ˷ƣw֧LՕҹĺȵ
СY@һԒԿ̹ʎăģ_ĿIJTݵĂôܹԒZ҂ӛX
4bƬΣꖹ¡һLĘ
Y^ɣϝOֽvһҹIJֱסһʹ߸ߵeOʹȫѝOM~@ֻR~Kȥ
5ʾ
߀]~ʳ~^Ųæ Ă^Ժ~fСȥ ҹϝOڴ^
̫c~dzƣ һҹ^m(x)܂ ñMⲫ~K
6YϸwͬWϝOһںĴcR~˕r댦ϝOfʲôʾDW
ԌWϝOc~JR
1\ÌWϝOcR~ݵķԌWϝOc~ăı
~MϝOıF~ıF
һl~ʂÝO棬~^ȥwıƽβ_~βҧȥ
Ѓɗl~ӵĴ~^̣Oʹ~¶һɴKõ~һlĕr߀ҧµ~
һlڴk~
~ֳȺZһеù ק¶ѣֱסһһȥ ~߀ǏĹ˺ҧһKK~⡣ 2Yϱݣc ʾӣ
һ˲ҪoMܰɾǴ
x@ԒYϱݣՄՄW
挦~uҊR~ѽҧÚȱȫr]ʧȥϣ挦ʧ
麦ʧɹ@ߡ Ҫһ͑挦ʧŗ
Ə㿴ϝOӵԸ
ϝOԔH˵ǚ
xb@Ԓ
ӑՓ
YȫăӑՓҊJϝOdzɹ߀ʧfW
ϝOһɹFһN挦y澳ġӲhԸwFˡ˿Աܱ@һNߡľ
I(y)
1ϝOoӵӡԡxcиС鸱}һƪxҪԔMһ}
2bJ鱾Ќʮ־ʵƬ
3nՈѡcԭȫıҁxһxһxի@
OӋ
c
R~η
ɣ၆
c~ڲ
c̰9
̲ĽB
nx˽̰挍̿ƕZ꼉σԵ7ԪԪԡc}չ_šnvһ˵ĹʮǰںżһȺwԽļttĴctY˲֮ÿ궬RtȺY꠵֮ҲssƵÿ쵽֮ȥιtLoҕt郺Ůoιĺtö֮tc˽YxȻһȥˡt˵zǰwPBQУCǞ`ġŮx_ԼH
nĽYZԘ㌍x@ƪnĵĿڣWJR`Ե҂Hܵѡ҂κһָܵõӱĻ؈ڸc֮g擴ͬrWΰ@N挍wر_MZԷe
ňWcǾ^ٶxnģץס茑B(ti)ZԼ茑tcZ䣬wNеĦΰct֮gĸ錑w
̌WĿˣ
1năĦPI~_Ч
1иxcZƷζct֮gĸ
2Ʒζnĵă(yu)ZwcԓC̎W
oĸFƷ|
̌Wc
Ʒxct֮gĸ顣
̌Wyc:
еġ벻Դˌto˽Đ
̌Wʂ:
n
̌W^̣
һ}jʾn}3犣
1ͬWՈ@҇ҕ__ˣDεĄ(chung)ĵһĸKĸˇg׃ԺqһֻwĺtͱܵС¹@(ji)n҂^m(x)Sҫȥǂ挍ĹRxn}
2҂˽n֪҂L˃ɷ棬քeǡιtͺtιͣ
OӋD(ji)nnĵڶnrĽ̌Wýwʾ_ˌnWע⣬ʹWܿM䐂ČW龳WWnĵġd^cTl(f)WdȤ
x벻12犣
1nIJDffLķĬxnģۂ́һnĮЩZw茑˺tӞϙM
2
һȺtͻȻw˵zwPBQУ˄cƽrһǰl(f)ʲô
ƺtȄӳ݆wzǰĿǰհzݵH
Ǻtzǰվ˃СCǞ`İʹ
Ȯ҂òȥzĕrtըˠIƵijz^Qǘӽ҂òײŏ@ƬwӵİɫuÓ
3ץ벻ָx
OӋDYnIJDWMڶKĽ̌WtˣҒһ}ЩZw茑˺tӞϙM@Wץtһϵ벻Ąwt˵IJȫĵČW춨Ļ{wꮅ֮ýwгʾt˵Ăӣtɫw{tĄMƬxӖŝĬ֮gW܉^PI~Zȥwt˵IJ֮
Ʒζ֮С20犣
^ɣĴ_̫˼hһλȥһȺt˯e҂놖W|ɣ
1@һλӵՈͬWٴĬxnһɂ~Zһ¡
2עWа
3fЩZֵܳfՈゃxһx
4RxƷζ
ѽһɫ^rһɫ{BbBʳĴϴҲõɫ
@λÿ첽жʮijǽsֻ˽otͲt
ʮһ죬ÿͺtHһ
5ǰ˺ͺtHһ҂Mһ˽@λ˰ɣՈ䘷a䔢
@һλ@һݡo˽Đo˽Đۣ
6@Xһ̵ӡɣʾZΣɵxx
˰ɶСĵطں߅ć_һ飨cutȺ̱һȺt¾͒ߵøɸɃڗU߅߅ţtĹ(ji)ųһƬwİɫwһƪɫĘV
ץ˺ͺtĄwСġx
7ؚw벻
tϾǘӵĬ@Ԋ箋龳ֻܳɞ^ȥѽȥҲ܁ăŮˣăŮܲʹʹأ
䌍҂Ҳ@ӵ.ې҂Hx_҂˲g҂ô롪
ǺtDŽѽ挦H˵ȥֻȄӳֻBQУֻCfԒ҂zĕrfЩʲônĿհ̎溣tһɾԒɣR
w䌍ȥǰVңΨһԸǰܰzȥؿһۺt@r벻l(f)ˡx
һƬwİɫһƪɫĘV҂УҲhĿmȻȥĵsttĴ@_漆һλˮ߅控ЦtʳУttϺ߅]h(hun)@һtC̎ö
OӋDýw̌WMWУMnѽǺܾǰˣLL\öýwǒW^sкܶEyõĬFffԼýwnJRJýwgZĽ̌WвǡoܡģֻǒWĹÿ^ځ̎ɽ̌WӣܱĩҪvmԭtúܺܺõ؎҂ֱ^ؽ̌W҂ͻcͻycSWҕҰ҂Ľ̌Wȡ°빦Ч
@һh(hun)(ji)DZnřWcҲǽ̌Wyc䌍̌WĿƷζۣt֮ƷζZԵҪh(hun)(ji)ǰһh(hun)(ji)Wѽ˽ȥtһϵЯeڌW|ɺ@@һ}@һλӵչ_xԼZԼԸˌWصwB(yng)ˌWZԸWfԼĻشroWnȥҾwZ֡߅R߅߅߅ƷxҳʾZ䣬ütɫwPI~ZWĻx϶أ@rßnx̌WƲ
W@WǑcѽ˸̵JRǞͻƽ̌WycҲǸе벻䌍֮Դˌto˽Đп߀ôһcFڵČWǪŮζ^edzDž^(q)ĺHȻęC^^m(x)aԼھWϰٶҵPڅǑc˵YϣٶȈDƬcnı\Լx(yu)ȾDƬĴ̼ʹW XҕXXSȵĻWеIJ_(ji)nAOĸ߳˿RϳʾιtZWctǶõĚqWwÚqϵĬSDԒ}@ӵĮhɞ^ȥ˲فWȥĦt˼AOһWѽtʧȥHDZʹ鑪ԓɆ}
Zn̘˜ʡxrҪҕWصĸw⡣߀ZB(yng)ľCwFҪWڄӹPڱ_˕rWļѱcȼ˕rhӂԺtĿǽoˌԒWȻԼĸܡ
@rČWѽȫM뺣tĽɫtʧȥH˵ıʹ˸еĸǾoWxt˵ZW뾳xg۲Զ@DZnOӋĵڶ߳
Yȫġ5犣
ゃŘ㌍擴ZゃMǻ۵xˡゃ͡tͨġ˿ǑcĬĬ ҲԒŮfۂxһx
ҵһõĈ
Ҋ
˺ããoo
İϤ
MܺͬһյĚϢ
so
DQ˕rݺ
ԸJ۾
ǧ֮
߅L
҂Ĺ²
syӛ
n҂ϵ@n
OӋnrĽ̌WҪYԅǑc˵ĿýwĻʾٛеĺtһԊ߅@Ԋ鮋ΨĹԒζ߳n
OӋ
21ct
ι
o˽Đ벻
c̰10
̌WĿġ
1иxnct֮g
2Ҫץסnеc~ĦΰѺtc֮gЌw
̌Wءyc
xnץס茑tĄОZwtĦߵΰ˵Ќw
̌W^̡
һՄԒ
1ʾDƬ
ゃJRDƬϵĄ?
t
˽?
2ʾn}
(ָDƬ)@Ĵ@ںwľǺt@ǺtĘ@˂@ͺtC̎
@һλЅǑc㡣ʮǰĶڴct͐˺t@Nɐ۵Ąÿ첽20ijǽ@ֻǽotιʳIһ·ûһX܇ýoԼIһcóԵsÿ308ԪݹYһÁotIʳʮct֮gĸ顣
҂́W@l(f)ct֮gĸ˹¡(n}ct)
ՈRxn}
xnw֪
1Ĭxn˼nҪvһʲô?
()ʮǰһλڴcһȺǰ^ĺtÿ궬ÿ춼ιtҕt郺Ůt˵zǰwPQCӣվɃǞ`ăŮ
2½Y
Ȍʲôٌʲô?
(ȌԼŮһt;ٌ˵ăŮһӞ`)
Ʒxnĵڶܺt˵
1ゃ˲@ôLһӾͰѽYˣô@ƪһЄ?
tͬĸҸЄ
ӢҊͬ҂һWڶ
2ȥ҂һιtƬŴ˴߅벻l(f)װl(f)ʲô?
벻l(f)˩һȺtͻȻw˵zwPBQ˄cƽrһӣǰl(f)ʲô(nʾ@Ԓ)
lԸxx@Ԓ?(ָx)
ʲô벻?
t˵zwPBQС()
(xx@Ԓ)x@Ԓܵʲô?ʲô?
(tˣߌtОе@)
lԸفxһx@Ԓx@Щ(ָx)
ȫفxһx
3ȥtͻȻw벻'҂@Щ^@ͬrȻ˵һ߅麣tһƬյ
tʲô@e?ՈĬxnģ茑tОľ
tȄӳ݆wzǰĿǰհzݵH(nʾ@Ԓ)
҂һxx@Ԓ(ȫRx)
x@Ԓ˾ʲôr^Ƶ龰?
Hȥr^
ǰ@ֻl(f)ѪPϵH֮g£sl(f)@Щy߰Ѵ˕rĺtǰհzݵH
@wʲô?
҂Լĸفxһx(ȫRx)
4tʲôe?lҵ?
^һtzǰվ˃СCǞ`İʹ(nʾ@Ԓ)
Ոɵxһx@Ԓľwʲô?
(wtҲһӣڞ`
Щطw?
վ˃СC()
ľwߵĸ?w?
Xߺ@
lԸ⎧Լĸ܁xx@Ԓ?(ָx)
ώx
һȺtŮһӞվ˃C@ӵĈ棬l֮҂xIҵƬյȥĿ˞֮ݵһĻ!ԸxͬW҂һվxһx!
5˵z҂rtӵe?
҂òȥzĕrtըˠIƵijz^Qǘӽ҂òײŏ@ƬwӵİɫuÓ(nʾ@Ԓ)
xx@Ԓffĸ?Ǐăw?
t˵z^ȥQС
İɫuԿʲô?
túܾoFtc֮gĸ
lԸxһx(ָx)
xָx
6teʹ҂oÓ¶ʹ߸ӸЄ҂߀Dzòzt߀ʲô˳@˸Єӵ?߶ٌȥԴ()
t߀Щʲô?(Ոһɂf)
Aչ
1ͨ^ڶֵČWܵʲô?
(tĐۡ)
2t˵ͨ^wʲô҂ܵ?
ͨ^茑w
3СY
ǰ茑ɺtĸ飬ʹ¸Ӹ҂УҲ\ÄZԵȼ(ji)茑SԸ磬ʹ҂¸
c̰11
̌WĿˣ
1иxnct֮gĸ顣
2ڸc֮g擴ͬrWΰ@N挍wر_MZԷeۡWMАotoĽ
̌Wc
^ٶxnģץס茑B(ti)ZԼ茑tcZ
̌Wyc
wNеĦΰct֮gĸ錑w
̌W^̣
һ룺
ͬWͨ^nrČWl߀ӛnҪʲô
OӋDf֪RČ뷽ʽǡ̎xcnPϵе֪R@ӵČZʹWfĻA֪Rּl(f)ˌW֪̽R
ؑһnڔctĹĂoӡWĬxnģ
1ffĂoӡ
ώιՄ
2ιՄt@ׂУ҂wǷdzۺt
OӋDWʾ}ؑfnP֪R錧nʹW֪IM뵽δ֪¾磬HڌW֪RЌWעץס@һCʾn
c֮g擴
1룺ctHһӡDzúȥ҂?yu)eY҂һιtƬŴ߅ͶӰDƬrl(f)Щ벻Į
2ՈĬxһ˵zǰl(f)Щ벻߅x߅ÙM
3zxЧ
4x@ЩЩw
5СYͬW˕r˿@ӵĮ棬һteʲô@ô|ĵĮأ҂ߵ˵ǰһ
OӋDBġںtfеĚwޣڽ̌Wfˮǡ鵽ol(f)@ҲDZ(ji)nĸ߳֡t벻ecˌt.ЌՁ̌WʹWwc֮gõģĶW˞ҞˡĺО
ƷxӣٝõО
1ՈxһxǰPιtIJιtrcƽrʲôͬPI~ZWPľxMн
2Wff㮋PI~ʲôwʲô
3Ո]۾ιtr龰WMАotoĽώx
4ώڷxĕr·ʲôøVңՈゃMxƷζһxRx
OӋD
ZĽ̌WҪWڄӿڣסcָWͨ^Ʒ~˽ͨ^Zˌt@NͬHһӵP֮錑挍wҼӏxָͨ^xwWòc֮g擴
Ʒζct֮gĐۡ
1ňDƬct̎ʮ@ݝĐ@yԸʼKM@룺@βHHnО҂茑ˡιՄĮ˺ͺt̎һ߀SҸĮ҂Pl(f)]ԼctҸ̎龰
OӋDͨ^ϵČӌ䁉|ctC̎PHһeӵĈDƬͨ^ֱ^ӰYϸctĻPʹӂ_һеĸ߷塣
2YͬW҂Mһλ挍Ĺ˴鹲ͬVһ۵ٝ衣Ƿ֪ccه҂ȻIcȻ̎ԭ˄oro̲҂ҪcȻϧ
OӋD䌍@¸V҂һֻːȻȻҲŕҲhMۣMC@ӿYĿľW@
I(y)
ctҸ̎龰Įxctԭġ
OӋDZĽ̌WHҪWڄӿҲҪWڄ֡ڽ̌WҪҕxӖҲҪҕӹPӖxYϣɞZĽ̌WOӋҪ⣬ĄWxڏVxWeۣW\
OӋct
ιՄ
J K
ˡۡt
I L
`հwQ
c̰12
̌WĿ
һ֪RĿ
WYϴµ˽⺣ƷL
B(yng)Ŀ
1YĽvZԷʹĦĵζ
2Wͨ^xץסҪţСfҪMcăĪMмxĦСfZԺc
BĿ
B(yng)\{ǻD^ĭh(hun)Mпľ
cyc
c
1WcăĪMмxĦСfZԺc
2B(yng)\{ǻD^ĭh(hun)Mпľ
yc
YĽvZԷʹĦĵζ
nr
1nr
̌WE
һ_Ŀ
1YĽvZԷʹĦĵζ
2Wͨ^xץסҪСfҪMcăĪMмxĦСfZԺc
3B(yng)\{ǻD^ĭh(hun)Mпľ
w֪
1ߺ
Ernest
Hemingway18991961һĉӲhQl(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~CL18qM磬^ɴ(zhn)۱w1954s@ZؐČW1961겡ʹĥ_Ԛx͵һursϿy(tng)f]Ă˱ȚW˹ءĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa^ӰQ顰o20o֮һ
ľSҪ˽߽ߵԏ^ľLČWLЁij1926l(f)ġ̫@F(zhn)˻ÜеƷɞ顰㯵һĴСR_ѩ犞lQһg(zhn)ԡͨFˇg@ZؐČWġxxx
LһԺQQ늈ʽLØOZ(chung)LҲܪāվĹоpPZˡҲվPµҲǰ۲Ӳhԡcɣ၆úһԿԸ@Ӳh䱾ɺwԸһ˲ҪoģMɾǴ
2Pڡc
20oϰҺӛߣҲǮr㯵һĴһ^RˡصĬFxy(tng)һڄ(chung)˼̈́(chung)M˸γ˪صL1952l(f)ƪСfcڵĴwFĄ(chung)ɫ@ߪs@ZؐČW
c鹝(ji)sһɣϝOBm(x)84]һl~һ˳ThںϽ^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;һll~m(x)ρMˊ^ƴ߀Ǜ]ܵ֓ס~MصrR~ֻʣһ`Ǽ
3n鹝(ji)
nĹ(ji)xc~龰СfRYβIJҲСf鹝(ji)ĸ߳sռȫ֮һĕе茑҂Կc~IJ傀غϡ~暢һl~汻R~ԵʮõӚɗlR~Եķ֮һõӚһl^۔ö̹˃ɗlR~낀Ӷҧö̹ȺY꠵~̹GöR~Ҳ]ʲôɳԵˣֻʣ傀غϵIJYsһo֪KڽoһcaȵkҲ]С
cycČWcĿ^
һĵζ
@һcȻ@ĄǵıÿȡһcˑKصĴroȵʧһNxρfһ\oՓôD^ĭh(hun){ԼǻMˊ^µĿR~mȻ]бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`@ʾˡһ˵ͿԵ_ʲô̶ȡһʧߣһʧӢ@һӲhӡǵ͵ĺʽСf20o30Ժl(f)һЩƪСf茑һЩȭţʿC˵@ЩһN۲ԏ挦ġӲhӡԸcɣ@NԸİl(f)չcAСfеĴ~ccȻc֮MеF˟ocȵ⣬ʧ˵mqsϲ]бf@һwFfġMɰɾǴ˼
c̰13
̌WĿ
1.W~⡰ӛIơ砵t~~Z
2.֪JRϝO挦Ȼη֡ڲӢpƷζоʵ˹ϿFľƷ|
3 иxnģwcZ_˼bԼJ龫ʵľ
̌Wyc
1.Ĭxn֪JRϝO挦ȻηڲӢ˹ϿFľƷ|
2 xnbZ䡣
̌Wnr: nr
̌W^̣
һnr
һ
@һԪ҂WJRؑяV韵Aɵġū`Ӣۡ^һلٶđ(zhn)҂فJRһλҡԼһƳƷc
xnw֪
1W~k
2ĵҪʲô
nǸҺĴƪСfcsnvһʮ]в~ϝOvMDƣMŲһlR~ښw;һ~'u^Ҳ]ܱס~ظەrֻʣ~Ĺ
nĿԷ֞Ă֣
1(13)ǰr
249ںϵr
310wеr
41113ظۺr
xnģ|
1. ָWxn
2. WԼĆ}
1½YβᵽˉҊ{@ʲôԢ
2ɣ၆ʲôҲ]õߌʲôDzһʧ
3Wиxn
ڶnr
һ
҂ƷζҺPµϝOɣ၆Ăͬһȥv@ĄǵĈ档
뼚xƷλ
1.ՈͬW?yu)g[nЩӡ
2.W̽ϝOcR~^
3.WWʾW
4.Wشc
5.w678Ȼεăݡ
СY҂Կ̹ʎă_ĿIJTݵĂôܹԒZ҂ӛX
6.bƬΣꖹµһLĘ
WϝOc~JR
1.~Mģ
2.ϝOc~ñFô
3.wϝOǂӵ
4.ô⡰fһ˲ܱMs@Ԓ
ӑՓ
1.JϝOdzɹ߀ʧ
2.ϝOoӵӡ
3.@λϝOʲô
3.bZ䡣
OӋ
ʮ]~
c R~η ԏ
ͬ~ H
ֻʣһl~ļ
c̰14
̌WĿˣ
1Wn106Jּ9~Z
2˽năWnĵһwˌtϲۺo֮顣
3ͨ^(lin)ϵLĮܵct֮gĬ
̌Wc
wˌtϲۺo֮
̌Wyc
LĮܵct֮gĬ
̌W^̣
һՄԒn}
ͬW顭
x˰lff˻toӵӡ
ȥιt˺ܘ
t ˵Ԓt܂......
OӋDόWČHrWͨ^xn֪năݣ@˵ĹnctYµIJ֮WČWdȤ
Wn~
1õ``ԵĺtՈg[nģе~c߅ͬWxx
g[nx~
2҂W~Ոƴxһ
ՈeͬWƴxһ
xeƴxwxxòeһһx
3xˣlffЩڌҪעĵط磺Ъհ
ע⌑áV^Ъעġ֡հǂԵĵһMҪęMLһc
4Rx~
ώһΣe֕գՈ@ÿɴ
҂ٰ~xһΡ
OӋDRZĽ̌WcenһЩxeey~ɞx̌WҪ΄֮һWöNʽx~ָЪհ@Wõnăݣwn_ĸ
Ո xȫnҪʲô
1 xnġ
2lffnҪvʲô
nČ˺ܸFȥιtˣtƬwwȥ
lffnČιẗ́efttҊƬx_
OӋD֮ǰxnĵĻA xܸõİьWnĵ⾳õİnĵҪ
҂ǰ̎ģxxn13Ȼct龰ץסĎׂȥ
Ĭx
lffץסĎׂȥ
ȥιt
ˎͺt
˺ftxļ
fãߌҲܺՈԼϲgķʽxx13ȻΣϲgеĂ
Լϲgķʽx13ȻԼϲgĶxһ
ãlffϲgĂʲô
ϲgȻ@ιt˺Аゃأ
ϲg8ȻΣ˞麣tĵֺȤ
߀І
ϲgھȻ麣twеĄ
ô@ЩֻҪʲô
@ֻҪιtot߀Մt
OӋDιttՄtDZnеļ(ji)茑ˌtĐ۟oڣһһһowFWxIctĺC龰
WRMнuh
ιt t Մt
YϰСYnĵһփ
ͬWWJ@(ji)n҂JRһۺt˺һȺ Ԓĺt䌍֮gи˵Ĺ¡
OӋDһƪnһֵijFWWʲôʲôһġnĵYϰYWăIWܵˌtǟoڵĐۡ
I(y)
иxnģl(f)ʲô
OӋDxWĸϡֱXwȥJRȥwnăȥĸںϵnȥˌnĵ퍸кȤ
OӋ ct
ιt t Մt
c̰15
һʾ~Z룺
@ɲ~Zľµăɲփ߅ǣˌtĐ߅ǣtˣ
Ʒxn飨ˌtĐۣ
1ͬWϹ(ji)n҂ѽxn˽nĵăݡ@(ji)n҂^m(x)Mctȥ܄c˵SCָش𣩣o˽Đۣ
ʾՈͬWxnĵĵ113Ȼ߅x߅ЩZпԸܵˌtĐۣѺtHP
ѽһɫ^rһɫ{BbBʳ.ϴҲõɫ
1@\ǷN茑ò@λ˽oӵĵһӡ
2aYϣ
@λ˽ЅǑcˮrݹYֻУԪһԼֻԪXÁIʳotԼBX܇MûݳǃëXĽɳ㟟ź˂czֵXġҮȻֻuʂotuɡõ
3xYX@һλӵˣ
4ŮֽɫxкŮ{
ѸV@λÿ첽жʮijǽsֻ˽otͲͣt
1@Ԓwʲô
˟o˽،tĸ@ԴˌtĐ
2˃HHһ@Ӂ߅otιʳnĺľԒfֹһotιʳ
ͶӰʾ
ѸVʮһÿͺtHһ
3x@ɶ֣ʲôw
4һ팢@ԒиxһR
˰ɺСĵطں߅ć_һṯһȺt¾͒ߵøɸɃڗU߅߅tĹ(ji)ųһƬwİɫwһƪɫĘV
1@Ƭ茑ʲô\ķN茑ιt
2@ƬxcһιtЩͬĎׂ~ZܱFˌtP
ץסׂ~f
3ιtĹ(ji)ԓӵģ
ιtĹ(ji)Ǖrr
4ιtʲôrr
(ٺtͿtپ
ںtԵÿͿ죬tԵ)
5˼ϿǺt˵Ĺ(ji)tĹ(ji)߅߅š
töԵÿՈgxxx
tøˣԵøgՈgxxx
tԵĝMҲٶl@Ӂxxx
6@ĺtwİɫVһƪɫĘV@V·ʲô ʲô
tQt˵Цںttړʳtw˵ЦĘ
7ゃô ôܵô࣬҂فxx@Ԓώx˵ıFxtıFx
ںtQ֓PDسʲôȶ ԭHǵ׃{ĵطԒ_^t족ɳ
1@Ƭ茑ʲôt
2X˺tcһʲôͬwʲô
3ͨlolĸoԼĺL݅o݅
4ӵZ{@Щӵ
⡰Hǡ֓PD족
5@ڽа@һl@һxһWW֓PDغtRxΪ5x׃ɫģ
txļǰһֻtwxǰһBBñЪԞǸ[棬ŕԵǸҸeȥ]ЁҲ]ЁtǼBҸBftw̎ԊʮǰtһҾ֪ۂĸ㿴СģӣKK
1@Ƭ茑ʲô\ķN茑ՄtZB(ti)
2ʾȥ]ЁҲ]Ёʡ̖ʡʲô?
x˼
3ʾtǼBҸBftw̎ԊʮǰtһҾ֪ۂĸ˵ZУ
xd
4ʾ㿴СģKKʡ̖ʡʲô
xϲg
5ʾ߿ձPtȺ۾ε㿴˵ʲô˼
x˼
6ʾ11
ϣǰŮ{
nĻչ
1x@wˌtӵĸˆ
ʾ
x@wˌt___
2Y
\茑_
ʾ
DƬ
3СP
Ո\茑FҡԈDƬеĵ3N茑
Ҋϵĵ
ͺ
c̰P£
c̰07-20
c̰05-17
c̰03-24
c̰03-24
c̰T02-26
c̰02-26
c̰02-26
]c̰03-06
c̰T03-07
c̰03-07