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һn(bio)Ҫ
n(j)ͨZn̘(bio)(zhn)()n̘(bio)(zhn)ᵽZṉ횰l(f)]ă(yu)ݣʹW(xu)ܵ(yu)ĻѬγɽõк͊^l(f)ϵB(ti)Mñ(ni)cW(xu)L(lin)ϵ(do)W(xu)J(rn)RJ(rn)RҎ(gu)F(xin)nڴM˵ȫl(f)չărֵ
W(xu)
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ᆖСf(ji)xֹc~Ďׂغϵ^?ʲô?
W(xu)ش傀غքec~c~c^~c~cȺ~
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Y(ji)茑Ʒζ˼Ը
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ԏ㣬(zh)pԷŗ挦\۲ϵӲhӢ
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һՄԒ(do)룺
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2(j)W(xu)RMнcܣcW(xu)(x)(ni)ݣ
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ôڿwôຣtһһ֣@҂ܵһλ˺tHteĐۡ
_ţct֮gӵČԒ
ץסò茑ѽ(jng)һɫ^r¡wڃso˽،tĸ@ԴˌtĐ
^Z@һͨһۺtѽ(jng)˰VԵij̶еĸ鶼ںt҂ٿһҸôõĮgõ`ᅡô̕@õĮҲȥˣ@µһƬ(dng)@ƬF(xin)ں߅r벻°l(f)ˣwt˵У
ݺtȄӳ݆wzǰĿǰհzݵH١
հ˺t˵ľ
ġ١һ~Ҹܵ˺tǷN]е顣
^һtأzǰվ˃CǞ`İʹ
ġһ~w@ôຣtЄһ£ƺlڟoָ]վ˃СCӡʹ˺t˵۴˵һƬ顣ָ(do)W(xu)xx@Ԓ
벻l(f)ˡһȺtͻȻw˵zwPBQˑB(ti)cƽrһӣǰl(f)ʲô
tըˠIƵijz^Qǘӽ҂òײŏ@ƬwӵİɫuÓǷáwQ
麣tRҪeϣֹ҂zϣٶһϣ˵zͣһá䡱^wF(xin)tǷNʹǷNoǷNС]ָ(do)x
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֪R˽⺣ƷL(fng)
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yc
ccă(ni)ĪMм(x)xĦСfZԺc
ycY(ji)Ľ(jng)vZԷʹĦĵζ
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һnr
̌W(xu)^̡
һnr45犣
һ(do)루2犣
һҪM磬ɾǴ@Ԓ҂ҪW(xu)(x)nġc҂ʲôӵܱ
֪Փ 8犣PPT
1ߺ
1899-1961һĉӲhQl(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~CL18qM^ɴ(zhn)۱w1954s@ZؐČW(xu)1961겡ʹĥ_Ԛx͵һursϿy(tng)f]Ă˱ȚW(ni)˹غĸ͑B(ti)Ȯa(chn)^ӰQ顰o(j)20o(j)֮һ
ľSҪ˽߽ߵԏ^ľL(fng)ČW(xu)LЁij1926l(f)ġ̫@F(xin)(zhn)˻ÜеƷɞ顰㯵һĴСR_ѩ犞lQһg(zhn)ԡͨF(xin)ˇg(sh)@ZؐČW(xu)ġc
L(fng)һԺQQ늈ʽLØOZ(chung)L(fng)ҲܪأāվĹоpP(gun)ZˡҲվPµҲǰ۲Ӳhԡcɣ၆úһԿԸ@Ӳh䱾ˣɺwԸһ˲ҪoMɾǴ
2P(gun)ڡc
20o(j)ϰҺӛߣҲǮ(dng)r㯵һĴһ^RصĬF(xin)xy(tng)һڄ(chung)˼̈́(chung)M˸γ˪صL(fng)1952l(f)ƪСfcڵĴwF(xin)Ą(chung)ɫ(dng)@ߪs@ZؐČW(xu)
c鹝(ji)(f)sһɣϝOBm(x)84]һl~һ˳Th(yun)ںϽ(jng)^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;һll~m(x)ρMˊ^ƴ߀Ǜ]ܵ֓ס~MصrR~ֻʣһĹǼܡ
Y(ji)(gu)Ԣ⣨30犣
1Сf(ji)xֹc~Ďׂغϵ^ʲô _傀غքec~c~c^~c~cȺ~
2c~傀غõЩY(ji)˵wrR~ӣ СMʽҳ𰸣 һغϣ~棨GKӣࣩ ܂ R~Ե40 ڶغϣӣg ւ(yn)أѪ ~Եķ֮һ غϣӣ۔ࣩ Ăغϣ̹ ʹÅ 낀ӱҧ 傀غϣ̹Gѣۣ Oƣֱ^⣩ Hʣ
3ĶпԿӵƷ|(zh)˞ʲôfһ˲ҪoġMɰɾǴ
_@Ԓɣă(ni)ĪҲСfĺľӵؽʾɣă(ni)Ҳߺ˼^crֵ^ķӳ@ԒζʹNJ^c\иĿ?fn)mȻRNNȻc(zhn)ҲS@Щ(zhn)˵w磬һֻҪʢĶ־κDyUǰľ˾h(yun)DŽߡСfеϝOɣmȻK]ܱסR~c~^УF(xin)ocȵʧ˵(yn)ǾϵĄ
4^гF(xin)˺ܶચеĪʲôc?ʲô
_ijP(gun)ϝOɣc~茑߀дă(ni)ĪףҌӛɣă(ni)ĻںƯ@đB(ti)ͨ^(lin)ķʽ挍٬F(xin)˵˼cܡ@Щ(ni)ĪײH̽ʾ˹ǃ(ni)ĵԺԼԮĹªУWqSSСf˼룬(gu)СfҪɫСfеӲhӶǡţZ࣬ȱ˼ϝOɣsSă(ni)Јԏԣ˼֧Єӵ˳ɞ麣Сfп̮ɹ֮һ
5п֪ˌF(xin)Ը~MMM¸ҲKĽY(ji)֣õąsһJ(rn)dzɹ߀ʧ
_@һcȻ@ĄǵıÿȡһcˑKصĴroȵʧǣһNxρfһ飬\oՓôD^ĭh(hun){ԼǻMˊ^µĿ?fn)R~mȻ]бסsl(wi)ˡ˵.`(yn)@ʾˡһ˵ͿԵ_ʲô̶ȡһʧһʧӢ@һӲhӡСfеĴ~ccȻc֮MеУF(xin)˟ocȵʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ]бf@һwF(xin)fġMɰɾǴ˼
6 @HHc~ĶСfʲôζ _}ĿǡcСfnjһλ˼ںϵĽ(jng)vH˵O߸ѽ(jng)Խһ˵ĴڣɞһNɣǡӲhĴt_~t҂?ni)еĴۡ\˵һһL(fng)(jng)vL(fng)꣬Ҋʺ·;ɱ҂Ҫۣ\ֻн(jng)vc~^ܳɞ鏊ߣĸ@һcȻ@ĄǵıÿȡһcˑKصĴroȵʧһNxρfһߡ\oՓôD^ĭh(hun){ԼǻMˊ^µĿ?fn)R~mȻ]бסsl(wi)ˡ˵`(yn)@ʾˡһ˵ͿԵ_ʲô̶ȡһʧߣһʧӢ@һӲhӡǵ͵ĺʽСf20o(j)30Ժl(f)һЩƪСf茑һЩȭţʿC˵@ЩϣһN۲ԏ挦ġӲhӡԸcɣ@NԸİl(f)չcAСfеĴ~ccȻc֮MеF(xin)˟ocȵʧ˵(yn)mqsϲ]бf@һwF(xin)fġMɰɾǴ˼롣
7˂QƷС늈ʽL(fng)ڱУ@NcЩwF(xin)
_
1Y(ji)(gu)ϵĆμٵ٣鹝(ji)֦˹ԸһrֱӳֻϝOɣһ鹝(ji)ҲҪLJ@R~IJ@Լ˶c~֮gIJ^μ(jng)cԭM˃ɰٶεУԼfcԌһǧôLСfдfеÿԼô\ӳܽӵһ^̡Ȼе٘ZhȥЄeˌ^Ė|hȥ˽ӑՓhՓIJȥһлGGı˺oףʹСfμ
2ʹ^茑ַ^ʹ~eAoMֱˮ(dng)?sh)ĔrČԒӺ̣ZR(zhn)_ɣ@һrĹPҪ挍ӵ٬F(xin)c~Ĉϡ~ā݃˵ijӭ(zhn)CCݣӱ猑~F(xin)(dng)һɰɫѪһӢĺȻɢ_ĕr͏ˮĵطZρεô죬ʲôҲһ_{(ln)ɫˮӿF(xin)̫ꖹ@茑]һ~~ă΄ݵľoȅsչʾxǰϴĔֺͷ(f)NճZʹxR侳֮Ќ茑֫Eqһˮīɽˮxĕ
3rӵĄ茑ͺČԒڏĸXҕX|Xȥ̮ߡcxߵľxs̵Һֱӱ¶飬ǰY(ji)ںѸٵĄNȻĻߺČԒxԼȥw猑c~Ĉ棺^~߭~^ϵĕr óǗl~Ƥ_`@N茑˵Ҋxx^һȻͬӵĸXͬ@ͬoͬϲxȥ猍ȡӡDcx֮gȥK¡ҪcxֱӜͨ@Ҳ@ƪСfĈ茑ĵһҪԭ
4һN⾳(jng)Աɽ(chung)f(chung)Ҫϵıɽ˷֮һ¶˷֮ߑ(yng)ԓ[ˮ¶ˮ[ˮµ˼飬ԽrԽʹˮ¡IJ韴߀ַʹƷN
I(y)á2犣
nxġc300ҵĸ
O(sh)Ӌ3犣
Ӳh _ ~ ۶\
c̰ ƪ8
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1иxnct֮gĸ
2ڸc֮g擴ͬrW(xu)(x)ΰ@N挍wر_MZԷe
̌W(xu)c
(x)^ٶxnģץס茑B(ti)ZԼ茑tcZ䣬wNеĦΰct֮gĸ錑w
̌W(xu)^̡
һ(do)
@(ji)n҂Mctȥ܄c˵
x˼Y(ji)W(xu)(x)113Ȼ
1Щطwct֮g飬P(gun)ZMע
2wץסҪ䣬M⣺
˰ɶСķں߅ćr_һtȺ̱һȺt(yng)ߵøɸɃڗU߅߅ţtĹ(ji)ųһƬwİɫwһƪɫĘV
(˵Ąôct֮gôĬCץסߡ֣f߰tȺʳĘӌӂtw龰cC̎Ą龰)
ںtQ֓PDسʲô(c)(x) ԭHص׃{(dio)ĵطԒ_^t족ɳ
(ͨ^x҂Ը֪ˌtHtĐ)
ѽ(jng)һɫ^r¡˵茑ܸʲô?
(ڃso˽،tĸ@ԴˌtĐ)
3x113ȻΣxԼwָ(do)xˌtĐ
W(xu)(x)ڶ
1x1419Ȼ˼zĵطl(f)ʲô벻?Y(ji)nă(ni)ͬW(xu)ӑՓʲôl(f)@ӵ?
W(xu)(x)Rһ¡벻顱
(t˵zwPBQ݆wzǰĿtzǰվɃC҂zrըˠIƵē^)
ʲôl(f)@ӵ?
(麣tһҲиģҺS˽ĸʧȥһλеy^)
2xnڕĿհطԼ.wܣȻСM(ni)Mнȫཻ
tȄӳ݆wzǰĿУǰհzݵH
(ץհһ~wt˵ľˮ(dng)H)
^һtء
(ץCӡ~wt˵۴)
tըˠIƵġ
(á䡱áw?(do)W(xu)tQƺfЩʲô?ġɫuwt˵IJʹ˵һƬ)
3ָ(do)W(xu)(f)xwt˵ĸ
4W(xu)@ʲô?һɾԒһ
(W(xu)ɾڕόȻw)
չ
ռP(gun)t˅ǑcYϣԪ}J(rn)Ro؈ԐۡW(xu)Y(ji)Լ(jng)ռYՄ?w)ԼĿcȻѺ̎h
c̰ ƪ9
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
J(rn)Rnĵģ_x~
иxnbԼϲgĶ
Ʒζnĵă(yu)ZcBĝH顣
ߌW(xu)ČB(yng)Z
ڳxnĵĻA(ch)wn_ĸ飬Ħΰctĸ錑挍wġ
̌W(xu)c
(x)^`ٶxnץס茑B(ti)ZԼ茑tcZ䣬wNе飬Ħΰct֮gĸ錑w
nǰ(zhn)
̎(zhn)䣺 ýwn
W(xu)(zhn)䣺nǰA(y)(x)nѼtĈDƬY
nrţ2nr
̌W(xu)
һl(f)ՄԒ(do)n
ҕ_Ђ(ji)ĿСc硷^ffʲô ʾnչʾcC̎DƬ
҂ͬW(xu)(x)ڣnn}Rxn}
xnw֪nă(ni)
W(xu)(x)@ƪn҂Ҫ^m(x)(x)^ٶȁx߅x߅nķ֎ײ֣ÿʲô
l֪@ԒF(xin)еʲôط
n
ѸVңʮһÿtH˘
@Ԓcеľһطһll(f)F(xin)
tH˘cͺtH˘Ѕ^(q)e
nķ֎ײֆÿַքevʲôأúεС(bio)}
x˼Y(ji)W(xu)(x)Ȼ
J(rn)xһxnĵصһЩ龰ڌ˺ͺtHһһ߅xһ߅עȻ҂
(j)W(xu)شCW(xu)(x)nwcZ
c̰ ƪ10
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1иxnct֮g
2ץסnеc~w˼ĦΰѺtc֮gЌw
̌W(xu)yc
ץסnеc~w˼ĦΰѺtc֮gЌw
̌W(xu)^̡
һl(f)ՄԒ(do)n
ゃJ(rn)RDƬϵĄ?
(ָDƬ)@Ĵ@ںwľǺt@ǺtĘ@˂@ͺtC̎
҂W(xu)(x)һƪP(gun)ںtĹ¡(n}xһx)
(do)|(zh)ָ(do)ԌW(xu)
1ffx@n}ʲô}?
(W(xu)A(y)O(sh)}Уl?ctӺ?tôӵ?˺ͺt֮gʲô?nĔһʲô?)
2䌍@Щ𰸶nĮ(dng)ϲgķʽxnģ߅x߅˼@Щ}
l(f)dȤֱc
ǰ҂W(xu)(x)n(sh)ώᆖͬW(xu)شゃһώʲô}?
Ҫ³ώʲôӵĆ}ԼĵȥxnͬW(xu)һĵȥĬxnһώʲôӵĆ}?
Ĭxn߅x߅˼
ץc~䣬t˵һƬ顣
gܵһNʲô?һ~ݺt?
ّٲ
yy֡
f
絶gʹ
@λ˽ЅǑcʮǰĶڴct͐˺t@Nɐ۵Ąÿ첽20ijǽ@ֻǽotιʳIһ·ûһX܇ýoԼIһcóԵsÿ308ԪݹYһÁotIʳ4.5Ԫһ˺ϧIot֪@Ǻtϲ۵ʳ߀(jng)Iu麣tuɡʮct֮gĸ顣
Sl(f)ՄԒ
1tƬʲôwPBQ˄ݸƽrһ?˕r˿̣һֻtô?
(A(y)O(sh)𰸣tͨDZҲܕе@кܶ})
2tʲôzǰCվɃ?˕r˿һȺtеġ_ǡ^ɳt족f?
(dng)҂ò˵zrtʲôF(xin)?ʲô@ЩF(xin)?׃һֻt˕rôv?
3λ˴˕rfԒfʲô?
4܇С?ԸcСサц?fһfcСサѡ
n˼
һɹ֮̎
ڶ摪(yng)ԓȫĵĸ֣߳Ǻt`.ҲăAб@͌W(xu)һƷẍ́eΣƷtڳx֮ұ^O(sh)Ӌǣ(do)W(xu)Լ(dng)ɺtؑcһcW(xu)ӣݺtcMЌԒAoM˼͠졭SW(xu)xnƬΣW(xu)뾳鲢ïٰʾιB˵ӂh(yun)ӛס@ɾ!
˼n㡱
̌W(xu)h(yun)һTzˇg(sh)!
ňW(xu)rgղ(zhn)ǰɺo(do)չ첻λɽ̌W(xu)΄(w)ЩɣעˌW(xu)sƷxòȲ(x)(ji)(x)
c̰ ƪ11
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1.֪RcĿ(bio)˽ҺƽcČW(xu)Z\ü
2.^cĿ(bio)鹝(ji)˹Ճ(ni)Ī
3.БB(ti)crֵ^W(xu)(x)˹挦Ͷ\ݔBľ
̌W(xu)c
鹝(ji)ҳ(ni)ĪףӲh
̌W(xu)yc
Ճ(ni)Ī
̌W(xu)
bxpbxʶwߵZc
̽Z(ni)ĪסȷԸc
̌W(xu)nr
2nr
̾ʹã
ýw
̌W(xu)^̣
һ(do)n
lļc(do)ͬСfcߺĺνBĶ(do)n
BƷ
ȫ{˹?1899-1961(dng)1954ȵ`ZؐČW(xu)@ߡl(xing)t(y)ͥСϲg~CLtʮ֕܇˾Cӵһ(zhn)fӢ(zhn)ԺLړ(dn)vWӛߣӛ݅ӵڶ(zhn)(ni)(zhn)껼N֮f(f)l(f)ʮ(jng)t(y)oЧKØԚ
cĄ(chung)زāԴһλŰϝOH(jng)v@ګ@1954ȵZؐČW(xu)СfǹŰһλ(jng)ɣϝOɣ၆ѽ(jng)ʮδ~ˣڵڰʮһ˳h(yun)ںϽ(jng)^ҹIJKڲһlһǧٶĴR~Ȼښw;УR~s~ԵĹ(ji)xҪc~龰СfRY(ji)βIJҲСf鹝(ji)ĸ߳
c~
߭Qɶkק^ƶΦUƤ_`߬ס_MȥȚPPTչʾ~ƴ
wȫ
1ٞg[ȫ}j(lu)(j)µ鹝(ji)·ֶ
ccc^ccȺƣv˻ص
c̰ ƪ12
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1J(rn)Rnĵ8_x~
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c
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yc
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nСڰ
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1ᆖϲgtҊ^tlffԼϲgĺtʲôӵ
2Mչʾ(do)fԒ
3҂W(xu)(x)һƪP(gun)ڡ˺ͺtĹn}
(do)|(zh)ָ(do)ԌW(xu)
1ffx@n}ʲô}
2(do)W(xu)xnһ߅xһ߅˼ȻMСMӑՓ˼
zЧw֪
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4(do)W(xu)иؾxc
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6СMȫRxһxЄӵĶ
7W(xu)ֹ(ji)x
8ӑՓnǰʲô팑˺ͺt֮gx
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10ľӄJ(rn)cľӻ䄝СMһоо
11(x)(x)xһxnһȻȻfһfЩc
12ץס茑òcľxһxСMӑՓ̎˼}
13˼ش}
13fһf㌦˴@Ԓ@Ԓп˺ͺt֮gʲôP(gun)ϵ顣
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15nI(y)
̌W(xu)˼ƪnĵc(do)W(xu)ץס茑B(ti)ZԼ茑tcZ䣬wNе̌W(xu)Ҫ،W(xu)صxw˼SײиˌtĐۼt؈˵Đۣ(do)wͬrҪCָ(do)W(xu)xP(gun)ľӺͶfxҪЙCY(ji)xwF(xin)Mx
c̰ ƪ13
̌W(xu)Ŀ(bio)
1W(xu)(x)8_x⡰ɡ(ji)V~Z
2иxnct֮gĸ顣
3ץסnĵc~wӵ˼Ħΰct֮gĸ錑wġ
̌W(xu)c
wˌtϲۺo֮
̌W(xu)yc
LĮ棬ct֮gĬ
̌W(xu)rg
2nr
̌W(xu)^̡
һnr
һՄԒ(do)n
1ゃҊ^ں߅ҊЩfftʲôӵĆ
2҂W(xu)(x)һƪP(gun)ںt˵Ĺ
3̎n}W(xu)Rx
xnW(xu)(x)~
1zA(y)(x)֡~xr
1ͬxӆ
2ָx{(dio)~xΣ
ܣsxunubnɠIynƣsh
֡'gҪcƲϰ벿ǡʿ
2~˼磺
֓PD죺ߵͣDD(zhun)
HǣʮHܡ
xnģW(xu)(x)nĵһ
1Ĭxnע⌢nֺ~x(zhn)_
2ٞg[n˼@n}Ҫʲô£ͬrµĽY(ji)(gu)
ˎʮһιB(yng)tctY(ji)ȥẗ́exȥ
3nЩطwctСM(ni)ӑՓ
̎(j)W(xu)Ļشccܣ
1ιtץס茑˄ġ顱茑tġ(yng)ߡιtĄ֮gǷNĬ(lin)ϵc茑Į棬ߵıǡ(dng)ġ
иxn^Xп߅@L(fng)ct֮g@擴ĸĄW(xu)@Ԓb
2t
W(xu)ԼԒνB@փ(ni)ffԼĸ
ָW(xu)xnlxܱF(xin)ct֮g@H֮
3Մt
W(xu)Մ̎mrСY(ji)ft(ni)ϲ^ʮˣÿ궬˶߅ιtL(fng)o˺ͺtHһ
СY(ji)҂ԏĽČW(xu)(x)иܵct֮gĸ¹(ji)n҂^m(x)W(xu)(x)nġ
I(y)O(sh)Ӌ
1(x)_xn
2~
ڶnr
һnă(ni)(do)n
ͨ^Ϲ(ji)nČW(xu)(x)҂֪ct֮gĸ҂W(xu)(x)ẗ́e˵ĸˮ档
W(xu)(x)nĵڶ
1ָW(xu)xnwܺt˾ӵУ
2ٞg[nģ߅x߅˼Щط¶t˵СM(ni)ӑՓ
3ͬ
1t˵zwPBQ
ʲôˑB(ti)cƽrһ
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ָ(do)W(xu)x@Щ茑ܺt@
2tأzǰվɃ
tʲôҪ@
`cĸeѽ(jng)ˮ(dng)ԼH
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3zrtz
tʲôҪ
txȥϣh(yun)һֻ˵һҲá
ՈY(ji)茑P(gun)Zһ®(dng)rĈ㮔(dng)rڈ@ɫuУwʲô
tc˵ĸ̫ˡ
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Y(ji)ȫģ
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