經(jīng)典雙語(yǔ)：《蘭亭集序》林語(yǔ)堂譯文

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　　經(jīng)典雙語(yǔ)：《蘭亭集序》林語(yǔ)堂譯文

　　It is the ninth year of Yonghe (A.C.353), also known as the year of Guichou in terms of the Chinese lunar calendar.On one of those late spring days, we gather at the Orchid Pavilion, which is located in Shanyin County, Kuaiji Prefecture, for dispelling bad luck and praying for good fortune.The attendees of the gathering are all virtuous intellectuals, varying from young to old. Endowed with great mountains and lofty peaks, Orchid Pavilion has flourishing branches and high bamboo bushes all around, together with a clear winding brook engirdled, which can thereby serve the guests by floating the wine glasses on top for their drinking. Seated by the bank of brook, people will still regale themselves right by poetizing their mixed feelings and emotions with wine and songs, never mind the absence of melody from string and wind instruments.

　　永和九年，歲在癸(guǐ)丑。暮春之初，會(huì)于會(huì)(kuài)稽山陰之蘭亭，修禊(xì)事也。群賢畢至，少長(zhǎng)(zhǎng)咸集。此地有崇山峻嶺，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映帶左右,引以為流觴(shāng)曲水，列坐其次。雖無絲竹管弦之盛，一觴一詠，亦足以暢敘幽情。

　　It is such a wonderful day, with fresh air and mild breeze.Facing upwards to the blue sky, we behold the vast immensity of the universe; when bowing our heads towards the ground, we again satisfy ourselves with the diversity of species.Thereby we can refresh our views and let free our souls, with luxuriant satisfaction done to both ears and eyes. How infinite the cheer is!

　　是日也，天朗氣清，惠風(fēng)和暢。仰觀宇宙之大，俯察品類之盛。所以游目騁(chěng)懷，足以極視聽之娛，信可樂也。

　　People keep coming and going, and life soon rushes to its end. Some people prefer to share their proud aspiration and lofty goals with close friends indoors, while some others choose to follow their interest and free their minds wherever and whenever they like. May characters vary from person to person, or some would rather stay peaceful while others like to live restlessly, they will all become delighted and satisfied once they meet something pleasant, so cheerful that they get unaware of their imminent old age.However, when they get tired of their old fancies that they’ve already experienced, and sentiment correspondingly accompanies the change of situation, all sorts of complicated feelings will well up in the heart, too. Isn’t it thought-provoking that the happiness we used to enjoy passes by without leaving a single trace, let alone that the length of life is subject to the fate, and death is inevitable for anybody in the end? Just as some ancient man once put it, “Death also deserves our attention, like what life does.”, so how can we restrain ourselves from grieving?

　　夫(fú)人之相與，俯仰一世�；蛉≈T懷抱，悟言一室之內(nèi);或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。雖趣(qǔ)舍萬殊，靜躁不同，當(dāng)其欣于所遇，暫得于己，快然自足，不知老之將至;及其所之既倦，情隨事遷，感慨系之矣。向之所欣，俯仰之間，已為陳跡，猶不能不以之興懷，況修短隨化，終期于盡!古人云：“死生亦大矣”，豈不痛哉!

　　Every time I ponder about the reasons why our predecessors would produce works with such inenarrable emotions, I find there seem some similarities between our minds. Yet I cannot help lamenting their literary masterpieces while I am struggling for the very cause in my innermost world. Now I come to realize that it has been ridiculous for me to equate death with life, long life with short life . The descendents view us just the way we look at our predecessors, and how woeful it is! Hence I write down all the names of the attendees and put their poetry into record. Conditions may go with the changes of time, but people’s emotions shall stay the same. I believe the following readers will still have much to mediate about life and death when appreciating this poetry anthology.

　　每覽昔人興感之由，若合一契，未嘗不臨文嗟悼(jiē dào)，不能喻之于懷。固知一死生為虛誕，齊彭殤(shāng)為妄作。后之視今，亦猶今之視昔，悲夫!故列敘時(shí)人，錄其所述，雖世殊事異，所以興懷，其致一也。后之覽者，亦將有感于斯文。

　　[知識(shí)拓展]

　　蘭亭集序 / 蘭亭序

　　朝代：魏晉

　　作者：王羲之

　　原文：

　　永和九年，歲在癸丑，暮春之初，會(huì)于會(huì)稽山陰之蘭亭，修禊事也。群賢畢至，少長(zhǎng)咸集。此地有崇山峻嶺，茂林修竹;又有清流激湍，映帶左右，引以為流觴曲水，列坐其次。雖無絲竹管弦之盛，一觴一詠，亦足以暢敘幽情。是日也，天朗氣清，惠風(fēng)和暢，仰觀宇宙之大，俯察品類之盛，所以游目騁懷，足以極視聽之娛，信可樂也。

　　夫人之相與，俯仰一世，或取諸懷抱，悟言一室之內(nèi);或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。雖趣舍萬殊，靜躁不同，當(dāng)其欣于所遇，暫得于己，怏然自足，不知老之將至。及其所之既倦，情隨事遷，感慨系之矣。向之所欣，俯仰之間，已為陳跡，猶不能不以之興懷。況修短隨化，終期于盡。古人云：“死生亦大矣。”豈不痛哉!(不知老之將至一作：曾不知老之將至)

　　每覽昔人興感之由，若合一契，未嘗不臨文嗟悼，不能喻之于懷。固知一死生為虛誕，齊彭殤為妄作。后之視今，亦猶今之視昔。悲夫!故列敘時(shí)人，錄其所述，雖世殊事異，所以興懷，其致一也。后之覽者，亦將有感于斯文。

　　思想

　　文章的第一段較具體地寫了蘭亭集會(huì)的盛況。本段共六句。第一句交代了集會(huì)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及目的，第二句交代了與會(huì)的人物，第三句寫了蘭亭之優(yōu)雅的環(huán)境，第四句寫盛會(huì)上人們的活動(dòng)情況，第五句寫晴和的天氣，第六句抒發(fā)感慨。顯然，六句中，有些是慣常的必要的交代，有些是寫自然造化之美，有些卻是寫集會(huì)的“盛況”。名士們?cè)谇缋实奶炜障�，感受著和煦的春風(fēng)，可遠(yuǎn)眺可近觀可仰視可俯察，流觴曲水，飲酒賦詩(shī)，暢敘幽情，何其痛哉!快哉!樂哉!而“仰觀宇宙之大，俯察品類之盛”，其作用在于“游目騁懷”“極視聽之娛”。這里在抒發(fā)了生之快樂的同時(shí)，又表現(xiàn)出一種曠達(dá)的心境。

　　本段以寫盛會(huì)始，以抒感慨終;以做“修禊”為名，以行快樂為實(shí)。

　　文章的第二段寫了兩種人，一個(gè)是喜歡“靜”的人，一個(gè)是喜歡“躁”的人。前者“取諸懷抱，晤言一室之內(nèi)”，后者“因寄所托，放浪形骸之外”，性格乃至行為上有很大的不同。但是，兩者又有驚人的相似之處：“當(dāng)其欣于所遇，暫得于己，快然自足，曾不知老之將至;及其所之既倦，情隨事遷，感慨系之矣。”快樂的時(shí)候，得意忘形，感覺不到自己在悄悄地衰老，等對(duì)高興的事物感到了厭倦，感慨就自然而然地產(chǎn)生了。什么感慨?有兩個(gè)：一個(gè)是“向之所欣，俯仰之間，已為陳跡”;另一個(gè)是“修短隨化，終期于盡”。它告訴我們?nèi)c(diǎn)：其一，事物有生就有滅，有樂就有悲;其二，事物由生到滅，由樂到悲，其時(shí)間很短暫，倏忽之間，正如白駒之過隙;其三，生命之長(zhǎng)短之存滅，不是主觀所能左右的，它取決于自然的造化。由此說來，生命是何其寶貴!正因如此，所以作者才引用古訓(xùn)“死生亦大矣”;正因如此，所以作者慨嘆：“豈不痛哉!”

　　東晉是名士風(fēng)流的時(shí)代。他們崇尚老莊，大談玄理，不務(wù)實(shí)際，思想虛無，寄情山水，笑傲山野。他們思想消極，行動(dòng)無為，就像浮萍之于海水，隨波蕩漾，飄到哪里就是哪里。當(dāng)然，死了就死了，無所謂，因?yàn)樗谰褪巧褪撬溃?ldquo;一死生”“齊彭殤”。對(duì)此，作者作了委婉的批評(píng)。

　　生和死是兩碼事，不能等同起來。生有各種各樣的生，有的人活得窩窩囊囊，有的人活得志得意足;死也有各種各樣的死，有的人死得默默無聞，有的人死得轟轟烈烈。司馬遷說：“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或輕于鴻毛。”臧克家說：“有的人死了，他還活著;有的人活著，他已經(jīng)死了。”毛澤東說：“生的偉大，死的光榮”。生與死怎么可以等同呢?正如作者所說的：“固知一死生為虛誕，齊彭殤為妄作。”作者這樣寫，表明了他對(duì)生死問題的看重，他是想以此來啟發(fā)那些思想糊涂的所謂名士，不要讓生命輕易地從自己的身邊悄悄逝去。

　　綜上所述，文章記敘了蘭亭集會(huì)的盛況，闡述了“死生亦大矣”的觀點(diǎn)，批評(píng)了士大夫之虛無的思想觀念，顯然是有感而作，緣情而發(fā)。但是，作為一篇文集的“序”，除了批評(píng)士大夫之虛無的思想觀念之外，還要對(duì)結(jié)集的目的說一說。參加蘭亭集會(huì)的是當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)上的名流，如謝安、孫綽等人。正如上文所說，他們引觴曲水，飲酒賦詩(shī)，暢敘幽情，何其痛哉!快哉!樂哉!然而，“向其所欣，俯仰之間，已為陳跡”。對(duì)此，作者認(rèn)為“豈不痛哉”!所以，把他們賦的詩(shī)收錄下來，不至于使其泯滅，而讓其流芳百世，使“后之覽者，亦將有感于斯文”，如作者一般，生發(fā)出“死生亦大矣”的感慨。為什么會(huì)這樣呢?因?yàn)?ldquo;雖世殊事異，所以興懷，其致一也”，因?yàn)?ldquo;后之視今，亦猶今之視昔”。這不能不令人慨嘆作者有一副多么好的心腸!

　　創(chuàng)作背景

　　晉穆帝永和九年(353年)農(nóng)歷三月初三，“初渡浙江有終焉之志”的王羲之，曾在會(huì)稽山陰的蘭亭(今紹興城外的蘭渚山下)，與名流高士謝安、孫綽等四十一人舉行風(fēng)雅集會(huì)。與會(huì)者臨流賦詩(shī)，各抒懷抱，抄錄成集，大家公推此次聚會(huì)的召集人，德高望重的王羲之寫一序文，記錄這次雅集，即《蘭亭集序》。

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