大二英語課文翻譯b版
導語：課文是指教科書中的正文，區(qū)別于注釋和習題等，一般在語文或地理中出現(xiàn)。英語，有對話和短文。以下是大二英語課文翻譯b版的內容，希望你們喜歡！
大二英語課文翻譯b版
Disney Mirrors American Culture
Last fall, the Walt Disney Company did something rare: it admitted defeat in its fight to build a history theme park in Virginia.The park was going to be called "Disney's America".
Some people might be wondering, however, if Disney lost the battle but won the war, as it seems everyone is living in Disney's America these days.
With its purchase of Capital Cities/ABC Inc. last month, the company founded by Walter Elias Disney in 1923 deepened its claim on American culture. In fact, it would be hard to find another company so widely respected—even loved—by Americans.
Americans rush out to see Disney films, and then replay them—on videotapes; they read Disney books to their children;they watch Disney shows on Disney TV;they make trips to Disneyland and Disney World, where they stay in Disney hotels and eat Disney food;Americans buy Disney products at Disney stores, and listen to Disney records of Disney songs.
The world of Disney is becoming anything but small.
All this makes some people more than a little upset. Harold Bloom, a professor at Yale University, provides an examination of the cultural history of Western society.
"At the end of this road lies cultural uniformity of the worst kind. It's just terrible."
This is becoming a popular opinion in universities around the world.
"Disney products," said Paul Fussell, a professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania, "have always seemed to me seriously sub-adult."
Those who oppose Disney (and there are many) see its films and by-products as sexist, racist and as simpler, cheered-up accounts of American history and folklore.
"There's a kind of protection at work here," said Henry Giroux, a professor at Penn State University. Like all those opposed to Disney, he can list, in detail, Disney's many crimes against culture:he is very angry, for example, about the treatment of American Indians in Pocahontas.
"I mean, the entire history of what happened to the Indians, which some people would call the murder of their people, is sort of played out as a love story," he said angrily.
Giroux said he believes that Disney has become a basic educator of America's children, most of whom will be able to perform every word of The Lion King long before they even learn US President Abraham Lincoln's historic Gettysburg Address.
However, even the most strongly opposed are quick to note that Disney has many positive values—cheerfulness, good-hearted fun, and a tradition of artistic quality—that help explain its success. Critical or not, most of those who oppose the company are Disney customers themselves.
迪斯尼——美國文化的一面鏡子
去年秋天，沃爾特·迪斯尼公司做了一件罕見的事情：它承認自己爭取在弗吉尼亞州建造一個歷史主題公園的努力失敗了。公園原本打算命名為“迪斯尼美國公園”。不過，有些人會這樣想，迪斯尼只不過是輸了一次戰(zhàn)斗，但贏了一場戰(zhàn)爭，這是因為，這些年來人人似乎都生活在迪斯尼的美國。
隨著迪斯尼公司在上月購買了美國的廣播公司大都會電視臺網(wǎng)之后，這家由沃爾特·伊萊亞斯·迪斯尼在1923年創(chuàng)建的公司進一步代表了美國文化。確實，很難再找出另一家公司像迪斯尼這樣受到美國人如此普遍的尊敬，甚至可以說普遍的熱愛。
美國人爭著去看迪斯尼拍的電影，然后再重看電影錄像；他們給孩子念迪斯尼的故事；他們在迪斯尼電視頻道上觀看迪斯尼節(jié)目；他們去迪斯尼樂園和迪斯尼世界游玩，在那兒他們住的是迪斯尼飯店，吃的是迪斯尼食品；美國人還在迪斯尼商店里購買迪斯尼商品，耳邊聽的是迪斯尼歌曲唱片。
迪斯尼的世界可真不小��！
這一切讓有些人感到憂心忡忡。耶魯大學的教授哈羅德·布盧姆對西方社會的文化歷史做了一番審視。
“這條路走到最后的結果便是再糟糕不過的文化單一性。實在太可怕了�！� 這一觀點在世界各地的大學越來越受到認同。 “迪斯尼產(chǎn)品，”賓州大學的英語教授保羅·富塞爾說，“在我看來實在很幼稚�！�
反對迪斯尼的人（而且為數(shù)不少）認為迪斯尼電影及其副產(chǎn)品充滿了性別歧視和種族歧視，是美國歷史及民間傳說的簡化版、輕松版。
“這其中有一種偏袒護短的傾向，”賓州州立大學的一位教授亨利·吉羅說。和其他迪斯尼的反對者一樣，他詳細地列舉了迪斯尼所犯的文化罪行：比如，迪斯尼在《風中奇緣》一片中對美國印第安人那段悲慘歷史的種種處理手法就令他非常氣憤。
“我的意思是，印第安人遭遇的整個歷史，有人稱之為對印第安人的屠殺，而在該片中卻被演繹成一個愛情故事，” 他憤憤不平地說。
吉羅認為迪斯尼已經(jīng)成了美國孩子的主要教育者，這些孩子早在學習美國總統(tǒng)亞伯拉罕·林肯那篇具有歷史意義的葛底斯堡演說之前，大多數(shù)就能背誦《獅子王》中的每句臺詞了。
盡管如此，最強烈的反對者也很快指出了迪斯尼具有的諸多價值：輕松愉快、善意風趣、優(yōu)良的藝術傳統(tǒng)，這些都是迪斯尼成功的原因。不管是否存心挑剔，反對迪斯尼公司的那些人自己大多也是迪斯尼的顧客。
Heavy Body, Not Heavy Heart
In pictures from college I was thin.I worked full time, went to school full time, smoked, and lived off fast food and soft drinks.Friends say that I don't look like myself in those pictures.I looked ill, sad, and unhealthy.
Now, at a weight considered to be dangerously high by medical charts, I live better than ever. I have given up smoking, and I eat a lot of vegetables; I enjoy walking, swimming and dancing classes.I exercise and eat well because I love living, not because I want to lose weight.My doctor tells me I am healthy, and this is much more important than being thin.Studies show that overweight people who exercise have a lower death rate than "normal" weight people who do not.
Negative attitudes toward fat people begin in childhood. One study showed that, as early as nursery school, children liked pictures of disabled children of similar ages better than those of fat children.Similarly, a study of college students said they would rather marry a drug user, a thief, or a blind person than someone who was fat.These attitudes create discrimination that affects fat people in every aspect of their lives, including money matters.In fact, overweight, white women usually earn less than thin, white women—24 percent less, according to one study. People often justify their judgments about fat people by saying that people choose to be fat. Choose?Who would choose life as a fat person in this weight-obsessed culture?There are many false ideas about fat people in society: that all fat people have eating disorders or emotional or mental issues;that if they really wanted to lose weight they could.
In reality, however, some people are naturally fat. How a person is born is simply science, not a comment on someone's character.The Center for Disease Control reports that 78 percent of American women are trying hard to lose weight, and at an amazing failure rate—95 percent get back what they've lost within two to five years.
The often-heard comment of "you have such a pretty face" does not please me because of all that's not said: "If you'd just lose the weight you'd be beautiful." Beauty is a taught concept and the cultural standards for beauty change constantly.
Later in life, I was happy to learn that some cultures have very different standards of beauty. While I was visiting the British Virgin Islands, a local man invited me to be in a picture with him on the beach.I asked, "Why me? There are women who look like models here."
"Bones are for dogs," he said with a smile. "Meat is for men."
體胖心寬
在大學的照片上我很瘦。那時我全天工作，全天上學，抽煙，吃快餐，喝軟飲料。朋友們說現(xiàn)在的我和照片中的我一點都不像。那時的我看上去一臉病態(tài)、情緒低落、身體很差。
根據(jù)醫(yī)學標準，我現(xiàn)在的體重已經(jīng)超標到危險的程度，但我的生活狀況比以前任何時候都好。我戒了煙，每天吃很多蔬菜；我喜歡散步、游泳、學跳舞。我積極鍛煉、注意飲食，并不是為了減肥，而是因為我熱愛生活。醫(yī)生說我很健康，這比苗條重要得多。研究表明堅持運動的肥胖者的死亡率比不運動的“正�！斌w重者低得多。
人們從孩童時代就開始歧視肥胖者。一項研究表明，在幼兒園，孩子們更喜歡同齡的殘疾兒童的照片而不喜歡肥胖兒童的照片。與此相似，一項對大學生的調查顯示，他們寧可同吸毒者、小偷或盲人結婚，也不愿意同肥胖者結婚。這類態(tài)度導致了肥胖者在生活各方面受到歧視，包括經(jīng)濟方面。事實上，一項研究表明肥胖的白種婦女的收入比苗條的白種婦女少24%。
人們常常為歧視肥胖者找借口，認為肥胖是自己選擇的。選擇？在這樣一個對體重高度敏感的文化中誰愿意選擇做胖子呢？社會上對于肥胖存在種種錯誤觀念：所有的肥胖者都有飲食、感情或精神問題；要是他們真正想減肥，是可以做到的。
然而，事實上，有些人天生就肥胖。人的體型是一個科學問題，而不應該成為評價一個人性格的依據(jù)。疾病控制中心的報告表明78%的美國婦女正竭力試圖減肥，但成功率卻出奇的低——其中95%的人在2至5年內又恢復了原來的體重。
常常有人對我說“你有一張漂亮的臉。”我卻對此不以為然，因為我知道他們的潛臺詞：“你要是瘦一些的話會很漂亮的。”其實美是別人教給的概念，而且美的文化標準也在不斷變化。
后來的生活中我欣喜地了解到，不同文化的審美標準是不同的。有一次我到英屬維爾京群島，一名當?shù)厝搜埼液退诤┥弦黄鹋恼�。我問他：“你為什么選我呢？這兒有些女人身材好得像模特。”
他微笑著對我說：“狗才喜歡骨頭，男人喜歡肉�！�
Unforgettable Life
With more than 20 million records sold, and several Grammy awards to show for it, Natalie Cole, the daughter of famous singer Nat King Cole, has made a name for herself in music.
Along with her great success, however, Natalie Cole has lived in a world of drugs, crime, and failed marriages.
"I have been to hell and back," she says.
In the book Angel on My Shoulder, Cole gives us an honest look at the difficult path she has taken, sharing, as well, her successful recovery.
"Where I'm at now helps me to look back on my life and realize that I've really had quite a colorful and rich life," she says. "I really could have turned out to be a different person."
As the second daughter of Maria and Nat King Cole, Natalie had as normal a childhood as was possible for a little girl whose father spent much of his time away from home. With hopes of one day becoming a doctor, she left her family in Los Angeles to attend a boarding school on the east coast.But when she was 14, she received some terrible news: her father was dying of lung cancer.Less than two months later, in 1965, Nat King Cole died at the age of 47. During her college years at Amherst, Cole began to experiment with drugs, though they didn't stop her from joining a music group. She played in small clubs on the east coast, using drugs more and more frequently.
Without enough money to pay the bills and to support her drug habit, Cole turned to stealing and got into trouble with the law. Eventually, she became so badly affected by the drugs that she decided to quit on the spot.
She says it was a miracle—the work of an angel on her shoulder. Her drug habit kicked, Natalie's career really began to take off.Only two years after being arrested and almost dying because of drugs, Cole's first record won two Grammies. In 1976, she married Marvin Yancy, her songwriter and producer.They soon had a son, Robbie, and Cole's life really seemed to be coming together.
"Marriage to Marvin, and Robbie, was like a breath of pure, fresh air," she says. "I was with a man whom I loved and who loved me... we were just so close."
Sadly, the marriage wouldn't last. After four years of being drug-free, Cole was once again using.
In 1983, Cole checked herself into a recovery program, and was finally able to mend the wounds from her difficult past.
After narrowly escaping death once again, Cole decided to record her father's greatest hits, including the phenomenal success Unforgettable: With Love.
Cole, who has fought and won many battles to find personal happiness, says "I'm so grateful for the way my life has turned out."
無法忘記的生活
唱片銷量超過兩千萬張，并因此而贏得數(shù)項格萊美獎，納塔莉·科爾——著名歌手納特·金·科爾的女兒——在音樂界一舉成名。
然而，除了巨大的成功之外，納塔莉·科爾的世界里還曾充斥著毒品、犯罪和失敗的婚姻。
“我去過地獄，又回來了，”她說。在《我肩膀上的天使》一書中，科爾真實地向我們展現(xiàn)了她走過的艱難道路，也講述了她如何成功地康復。
“我現(xiàn)在所擁有的一切讓我回顧我的人生，并認識到我的生活是多么的豐富多彩，”她說�！拔艺娴挠锌赡芤殉蔀榱硪粋�不同的人�！�
納塔莉是瑪莉亞和納特·金·科爾的二女兒，對于一個父親時常不在家的小女孩來說，她的童年已經(jīng)算是夠正常的了。懷著做一名醫(yī)生的愿望，她離開了洛杉磯的家，去東海岸上寄宿學校。但在14歲那年，噩耗傳來：她的父親患了肺癌，已經(jīng)奄奄一息。不到兩個月，也就是1965年，納特·金·科爾去世了，享年47歲。
在阿默斯特上大學期間，科爾開始嘗試吸毒，不過毒品并沒有妨礙她加入到一個音樂組合。她在東海岸的一些小俱樂部里表演，吸毒也越來越頻繁。
因為沒有足夠的錢支付賬單和購買毒品，科爾開始偷盜，后來惹上了官司。由于深受毒品之害，她終于下定決心立即戒毒。 她說那是個奇跡——是她肩膀上的天使創(chuàng)造的。戒毒后，納塔莉的事業(yè)真正開始蒸蒸日上。在經(jīng)歷了被捕和因吸毒而差點送命僅僅兩年之后，科爾的首張唱片便贏得了兩項格萊美獎。
1976年，她嫁給了她的歌曲創(chuàng)作人兼制作人馬文·揚西。他們很快有了一個兒子——羅比，科爾的生活似乎真的是日臻完善。 “與馬文的婚姻，以及有了羅比之后的生活，就像是呼吸純凈、新鮮的空氣，”她說�！拔沂呛鸵粋�我愛的并且也愛我的人在一起……我們親密無間�！�
不幸的是，他們的婚姻并不長久。戒毒四年之后，科爾又一次開始吸毒。
1983年，科爾報名參加了一個康復計劃，舊日的創(chuàng)傷終于得以愈合。
在又一次死里逃生之后，科爾決心錄制她父親的成功之作，包括紅極一時的《難以忘懷：帶著愛》。
為了找到自己的幸福，科爾投入并打贏了多次戰(zhàn)役，她說：“我很感激生活對我的最終安排�！�
My Mother and I
Dad had lost any purpose in life. We had to watch him getting weaker and weaker, while my mother seemed even more energetic than before.She still had a job to do—shopping, cooking and running the household. She was necessary. Dad, on the other hand, felt he wasn't much needed.
He died six years after they moved into the apartment. I think he died in self-defense.
Dad was the kindest man I have ever met.Yet, I was never able to know him as well as I wanted.He never spoke of things close to his heart. Maybe he couldn't. I know that he loved all his children. However, affection in my family was never really shown, and so I think somehow I never learned to express my love to him.
I was with Dad on the night he died.I longed to be able to sit by his bedside and say, "Dad, thank you for being so good to us. I love you, Dad." Every time I tried, I was overcome with embarrassment. I felt that even then he would think it wrong for me to share my most private feelings.
After Dad died, all of us gathered to support our mother. I'd visit her twice a day and listen while she talked about her life with my father. She kept him alive in spirit. The great thing about my mother was that she had no regrets; she was satisfied with how she and Dad had lived their lives together. I remember once, when my husband and I had been listening to her all afternoon, my mother said, as we left, "Now that I've talked to you both, I feel ten years younger."As we went down the stairs, I said to my husband, "And we feel ten years older." Yet, we were both content that she felt better.
It's all very well for me to say that Dad died in self-defense, that my mother ruled and overshadowed him. Perhaps this was what he wanted—someone to make all the decisions.Up to the very end, he respected his wife and she him. Perhaps, towards the end, he simply wanted peace.
It's only since he died that my mother has felt the need to talk about him; while he was there, her life was complete.
For the next fifteen years, my mother seemed to become even more energetic.When she was well over eighty, she thought nothing of walking for miles at a time.Too impatient to wait for the bus, my mother would start out each journeywith a serious expression on her face.
Despite my mother's fierce independence, she still admitted to being lonely. I used to say how lucky she was to have five of us children and her grandchildren going to see her so regularly. Yet, she was never pleased. In response, she just insisted that she was alone in this world, and that she had been the one to care for Dad in good times and bad.
These days, I try and focus on my mother's goodness—her energy and her strength. Contrary to what she says, I'm convinced that beneath her external anger and disappointment, my mother is a woman who doesn't know how to express her feelings either.
I guess there are still some things we both have to learn together.
我和母親
父親已失去了所有的生活目標。我們無奈地看著他一天天虛弱下去，倒是母親比以前看上去更精神了。她仍有事要做——購物、燒飯、操持家務。家里樣樣少不了她，而父親卻覺得大家都不再需要他了。
他們搬進公寓后過了6年，父親去世了。我想，他用死來獲得解脫。
父親是我遇到的最善良的人。但我卻從沒有能夠像我所希望的那樣充分了解他。他從不談及他內心的'東西。也許他只是不知道怎么去談。我只知道他愛他的每一個孩子。但是，我們家的人從不真正表露對彼此的愛，所以我想在某種程度上我也從未學會如何表達我對他的愛。
他去世的那天晚上我就在他身旁。我渴望能夠坐在他的床邊對他說：“爸爸，謝謝你對我們這么好。我愛你，爸爸�！笨擅看挝蚁胝f這些話的時候，都因難為情而無法開口。我覺得即使在他彌留之際，他也會認為我這樣把自己內心的感受告訴別人是不妥的。 父親去世后，我們一起去安慰母親。我一天去看她兩次，聽她談和父親一起生活的情景。他一直活在她心里。母親的偉大之處在于她從不覺得有什么遺憾；她對她和父親同甘共苦的日子感到十分滿意。
記得有一次，我和丈夫聽她聊了一個下午。我們走時，母親說：“同你們倆聊聊，我覺得自己年輕了10歲。”下樓梯時，我對丈夫說：“我們可覺得自己老了10歲�！辈贿^，能讓母親心情愉快些，我們都感到高興。
由于一切都由母親說了算，相比之下父親就黯然失色了，因此我說父親是用死來獲得解脫并非言過其實。也許這正是他所想要的：凡事須有人替他做決定。即使在生命的最后時刻，他和妻子也互相尊重�；蛟S到最后，他只是想獲得平靜。
直到他去世后，母親才想到要談談他；只有這樣她的人生才是完整的。
隨后的15年，母親好像變得越發(fā)精神了。一口氣走幾英里的路，對早已年過80的她來說只是小事一樁。每次等車等煩了，母親便神情嚴肅地開始步行。
盡管母親相當獨立，但還是承認自己很孤獨。我過去常說，她有我們這5個孩子還有孫子孫女們經(jīng)常去看她是多么幸運。但她從不滿意。相反，她卻硬說自己在這個世上是孤身一人，只有她一人無論是順境還是逆境都在照顧著父親。
最近，我努力去想母親的優(yōu)點——她精力旺盛、個性堅強。與她所說的正相反，雖然表面上她常常生我們的氣，好像對我們很失望，但我確信母親其實也是一個不善于表達感情的女人。
我想有些東西還需要我們共同去學習。
Never Too Old to Live Your Dream
The first day of school, the professor, upon arrival, introduced himself to our chemistry class and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't already know. I stood up to look around.There she was, a little old lady smiling at me. "Hi, handsome. My name is Rose, and I'm eighty-seven years old.Can I give you a hug?"
"Of course you may!" I laughed and had to bend down for her to give me a big hug."Why are you in college at such a young age?" I asked.
She jokingly replied, "I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel."
"No, seriously," I asked.I was curious as to why she was taking on such a challenge at her age.
"I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one!" she told me.
We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop.I was often silent, listening in wonder to this "time machine" as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.
Over the course of the school year, Rose became popular and easily made friends wherever she went. She was humorous and lively, loved to dress up, and enjoyed getting so much attention from the other students.
At the end of the term, we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner, and I'll never forget what she taught us that night.
She was introduced and stepped up to the stage.As she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her three-by-five cards on the floor.A little bit embarrassed, she moved closer to the microphone and simply said, "I'm sorry I'm so drunk.This wine is killing me!I'll never get my speech back in order, so let me just tell you what I know."As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began: We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playin.
There are only two secrets to staying young, being happy and achieving success.
Number one: you have to laugh and find humor each and every day.
Number two: you've got to have a dream.When you lose your dreams, you die.We
have so many people walking around who are dead and they don't even know it!
There is a giant difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don't do one productive thing, you will still turn twenty years old.If I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything, I will still turn eighty-eight.Anyone can grow older—that doesn't take any talent or ability.The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change.
Moreover, I advise you to have no regrets. The elderly usually don't have regrets for what they did, but rather, for the things they did not do.The only people who fear death are those with regrets.
Rose finally obtained the college degree she began all those years ago, and one week after graduation, she died peacefully in her sleep.
Shortly after that, over two thousand college students attended her funeral.We all came to honor the wonderful woman who taught by example that you're never too old to live your dream.
人老志不窮
開學第一天，教授一到教室就向我們的化學課班作了自我介紹，并鼓勵我們去認識一個那時我們還不認識的人。我站起來環(huán)顧四周。她就站在那兒，一位正在朝著我微笑的小個子老太太。
“嗨，帥小伙兒。我叫羅斯，87歲。我能擁抱你一下嗎？”
“當然可以！”我笑道，然后不得不俯下身子，讓她結結實實地擁抱了一下。
“你為什么這么年輕還來讀大學？”我問道。
她開玩笑地回答：“我來這兒是為了認識一個有錢的丈夫，嫁給他，生幾個小孩，然后退休去旅行�！�
“不，說真的，”我問道。我很好奇，她這么大歲數(shù)了為什么還要接受這樣一個挑戰(zhàn)。
“我一直夢想著上大學讀書，現(xiàn)在我就在讀了呀！”她告訴我。
我們馬上成了朋友。接下來的三個月里，我們每天都一起離開教室，不停地交談。我常常默不作聲，滿懷驚奇地聽這部“時間機器”與我分享她的智慧和經(jīng)驗。
一學年的時間里，羅斯到哪里都受到歡迎而且很容易和別人成為朋友。她幽默、活躍、愛打扮，并且喜歡成為其他學生注意的焦點。 學期結束時，我們邀請羅斯在我們的橄欖球晚宴上講話，我永遠都不會忘記那晚她教給我們的東西。
經(jīng)別人介紹后她走上講臺。就在她要開始事先準備好的演講時，她把自己那些三乘五英寸見方的卡片掉到了地上。她有點難為情，靠近麥克風，只是說：“很抱歉，我喝多了。這酒快要了我的命！我怎么都沒法整理好我的演講稿了，所以，就讓我把我知道的東西告訴你們吧�！蔽覀兇笮ζ饋恚伤齾s清了清嗓子，開始說道： “我們不能因為上了年紀就不玩耍了，不玩耍我們就會變老。
保持年輕、快樂，成功地生活只有兩個秘密：
第一，你必須每天都開懷大笑，尋找幽默。
第二，你必須有一個夢想，當你失去了夢想時，你就死了。很多人只是行尸走肉，但他們自己卻不知道！
長大和成長之間有著巨大的差別。如果你19歲，整整一年躺在床上不做一件有創(chuàng)造性的事，你也還是會長大，變成20歲。如果我87歲，整整一年躺在床上，什么事也不干，我也還是會變成88歲，誰都會長大、變老，那不需要任何天賦或能力。關鍵是，要不停地在變化中尋找機遇，這樣才能成長起來。
而且，我建議你們不要有遺憾。老年人通常不會為做過的事遺憾，而會為還沒有做過的事感到遺憾。只有那些有遺憾的人才會怕死。”
羅斯最后終于獲得了多年前就開始攻讀的大學學位，畢業(yè)一個星期后，她在睡夢中安祥地去世了。
隨后不久，兩千多名大學生參加了她的葬禮。我們都來向這位了不起的女士表示敬意，她為我們樹立了榜樣，告訴我們人到老都可以實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。
Be Smart Online
Computers and modems are excellent at connecting us to worlds of fun. But look out you never know who's at the other end of the line. Criminal Inspector Frank Clark "walks" around shadowy places at night, looking for criminals. But he doesn't do it on foot or in a car.He does it with his computer.
Part of Clark's job for the police office in Tacoma, Wash., is protecting kids who use computers.With a computer and a modem, kids can go "online" and communicate with other computer users around the world.They can exchange messages, games, and even files containing photographs and voices.
It's fun.But the danger is that you can never be sure of whom you're talking to online.This can lead to trouble.
"The problems are very serious," Clark says."You have no idea if the person is playing a role and it could thus be harmful.They could be using false names and say anything they want."
Most of the problems occur on the major online services. They offer "chat rooms" in which strangers can "talk", along with easy-to-use electronic mail.They also offer parental controls that can be used to monitor and shut down these rooms.
Such controls are needed all-too-often.Some adults hang out at online chat rooms, pretending to be kids, and trying to learn about kids' interests.They claim to share those same interests, hoping that kids will exchange e-mail with them or even talk on the phone.Often, they try to trick kids into talking about not-so-nice topics.
The most frightening thing is when they arrange to meet kids in person. In the worst cases, children have been murdered.This happened to a 10-year-old boy in Maryland in 1993.
Kids can get into other illegal trouble online, as well.
When "good kids meet bad kids", as it's known, the "bad" kids often take control.
Doug Rehman, a special officer with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, says this has led to cases in which kids have stolen credit-card numbers and ordered things online.
"A kid might think, 'I'll try it once to see what happens' ," Rehman says.
What happens is that, eventually, the kid gets arrested for stealing. When you get several million people together, as online services do, there are bound to be some strange ones on the loose. This shouldn't spoil your fun, though—as long as you are careful online.
"I haven't had any problems, nor have any of my friends," says Matt Ellis, a 13-year-old in Scottsdale, Ariz. "If I ever did, I would just log off."
The experts and kids we interviewed all agree that the benefits
of being online far outweigh the risks.
There is no need for alarm, as long as you are aware. Computers are tools, and like any other tool, they must be used with care.Here are some helpful suggestions the experts recommend:
Keep conversations with strangers to public places online, not in e-mail;
Don't give anyone online your real last name, phone number, or your home address;
Don't respond if someone sends you e-mail saying things that make you feel uncomfortable;
Be careful whom you talk to;
Never talk to anyone by phone if you know them only online; and
Never agree to meet someone you've met online any place offline.
Be smart online and have fun!
謹慎上網(wǎng)
電腦和“貓”（調制解調器）真是棒極了，它們給我們帶來無窮的樂趣。但是得小心：誰知道網(wǎng)絡的那頭是什么人物。
刑警弗蘭克·克拉克晚上總是在陰暗的地方“巡邏”，搜尋罪犯。然而，他“巡邏”不是靠步行，
也不是駕車，而是通過電腦。
克拉克在華盛頓州塔科馬警察局的部分工作就是保護使用電腦的孩子。有電腦和“貓”，孩子們就可以上“網(wǎng)”，和世界各地其他電腦使用者交流。他們交換信息、游戲，甚至是帶圖像和聲音的文件。
這很有趣。但危險的是，你永遠不能確定自己和誰在網(wǎng)上聊天。這就產(chǎn)生了問題。
“問題很嚴重，”克拉克說，“你不知道對方是在扮演哪個角色，這就可能造成很大的危害。他們可能使用假名，信口開河�！� 大多數(shù)問題都與主要的網(wǎng)絡服務有關。除了易于使用的電子郵件外，它們還提供給陌生人可以“交談”的“聊天室”。此外它們還提供家長監(jiān)控功能，利用這一功能可以監(jiān)控或關閉聊天室。
這種監(jiān)控功能實在是太有必要了。有些成人裝成孩子在網(wǎng)上聊天室閑逛，企圖了解孩子們的興趣。他們聲稱也有同樣的興趣，希望和孩子們互發(fā)電子郵件，甚至是通電話。他們通常誘騙孩子談一些不太好的話題。
最可怕的是他們安排和孩子們見面。在性質最惡劣的一些案件中，有些孩子就被謀害了。1993年，這一噩運就曾經(jīng)降臨在馬里蘭州的一個10歲男孩身上。
上網(wǎng)的孩子也會陷入犯法的泥潭。 眾所周知，當“好孩子遇上壞孩子”，總是“壞孩子”掌握著控制權。
道格·雷曼是佛羅里達州執(zhí)法部門的一名特種警官，他說這種情況導致發(fā)生孩子偷竊信用卡號碼在網(wǎng)上訂購的案件。
雷曼說：“孩子可能會這樣想，‘我試一次看結果會怎樣�！� 結果是，這個孩子最終會因盜竊而被捕。
像網(wǎng)絡服務那樣，當你把幾百萬人集中在一起時，總歸會有一些逍遙法外的怪人。不過這不應該讓你掃興——只要你上網(wǎng)時小心一點。
“我沒遇到什么問題，我的朋友也沒有，”今年13歲，家住亞利桑那州斯科茨代爾的馬特·埃利斯說，“如果我真遇到什么問題，我會馬上關機退出。”我們采訪的專家和孩子一致認為上網(wǎng)的好處大大超過危險。
只要你警惕一些，就沒有必要恐慌。電腦是一種工具，它和其他工具一樣，都必須小心使用。以下是專家提出的一些有益的建議：
和陌生人交談要在網(wǎng)絡上的公共區(qū)域進行，不要用電子郵件； 不要在網(wǎng)上告訴任何人你的真實姓名、電話號碼或家庭住址；如果有人給你發(fā)電子郵件說些讓你不舒服的事情，不要回信； 要留心你在和誰交談；不要和在網(wǎng)上結識的人打電話；還有 永遠不要同意和網(wǎng)上結識的人在現(xiàn)實生活中任何地方見面。
謹慎上網(wǎng)，才能其樂無窮！
Applying for a New Boss
When I went off to college, I got one piece of advice from my father: "It doesn't matter what courses you take, just find the great professors." Sure enough, I soon discovered that all subjects were interesting, as long as I had good teachers.
In Professor Weinstein's class, for example, I could almost hear the prisoners being moved through the streets of Paris during the French Revolution. And going back even further, I can still recall things about the planets that I would've forgotten if not for the eagerness of my second-grade teacher. What it boils down to, for me, is that a great teacher somehow makes a subject come alive.
Great teaching is not limited to school, though. An excellent boss can do the same thing, turning every day into a learning experience. He can give you confidence, making you more willing to ask a question, take on responsibility, or even suggest a change in some out-of-date company policy.In short, a great boss knows how to teach.
My advice, then, is not to interview for the right job. Instead, interview for the right boss—not a best friend, but someone who is willing and able to help you grow professionally.
What are some signs of the wrong boss?Well, anyone who: * is surrounded by the same team year after year. If you're such a good teacher, why aren't these people moving on to better positions? * lacks a sense of humor.Life is short. Work is hard. Let's lighten up when the mailroom loses a package, OK? There's no reason to get your nose out of joint. * loves typing, and has a hatred toward talking. Why are you continually e-mailing me when I sit across the hall?
Who are the best bosses I've had?
Angela, my first boss out of college, was smart and direct—she was not afraid to call a spade a spade. She ruffled feathers around the company, but would readily let me in on what she thought and why. She'd been there 30 years but was still a busybody—I loved that.
My other boss, Tom, had a saying: "You can sleep when you're dead."Working for him was more than a little tiring. But he was also really open—quick to ask for input and to give it.We frequently had differing opinions, yet our discussions helped both of us learn more about what we were trying to achieve. A great boss both gives and earns respect. But how do you know when you've found the right boss?Trust your instincts. Be yourself and see if he is someone you want to learn from for a couple of years. If that person is dull, distant, or passive in an interview, guess what they're going to be like Monday through Friday. Interviewees are on their best behavior in that type of climate, but so are interviewers. You don't like what you see?The power is yours—go and check out other bosses before you jump aboard for the long run.
Churchill divided people into two groups—those for whom work is work and pleasure is pleasure, and those for whom work is pleasure. Whichever you are, my recommendation is to make sure you know where both you and your boss belong. If you're in the same group, then he could very well be just the teacher for you.
尋找新老板
我離家上大學時，父親給了我一條忠告：“選什么課無所謂，只要找到好的教授就行�！惫唬痪梦揖桶l(fā)現(xiàn)只要有好老師，所有的課程都令人感興趣。
比如說在溫斯坦教授的課上，我?guī)缀趼牭搅朔▏锩鼤r期囚犯們在巴黎被游街示眾的聲音。我現(xiàn)在還記得再早些時候學到的有關行星的知識，要不是我那位二年級老師講課的那股熱情勁兒，我恐怕早就將那些知識拋到九霄云外去了。對我而言，這一切可以歸結為一點：一位好教師能把課上活了。
當然，好的教育并不局限在校園。優(yōu)秀的老板能夠把每天的工作變成學習的過程，從而起到同樣的教育效果。他可以給你信心，讓你更樂意請教別人，擔負責任，甚至提議改變某些已過時的公司政策�？傊�，好老板深知如何教人。
因此，我的忠告是：不要只為合適的工作去應聘，而要去應征合適的老板——他并不一定要成為你的好朋友，但應是一位既愿意又有能力在職業(yè)方面幫助你成長的人。
那么糟糕的老板有哪些特征呢？他們：
1 . 年復一年被同樣的人包圍。假如你是這樣一位很優(yōu)秀的老板，那你周圍的這些人為何沒有升職呢？
2. 缺乏幽默感。人生短暫，工作又辛苦。在收發(fā)室丟了個郵包時，也讓我們放輕松些，好嗎？用不著悶悶不樂。
3. 喜歡打字，討厭當面交談。我們在同一間辦公室里，你為何要接二連三地給我發(fā)電子郵件呢？
我接觸過的最出色的老板又是誰呢？
安吉拉是我大學畢業(yè)后遇到的第一位老板。她不但聰明，為人也坦率——她直言不諱。在公司里她免不了會得罪人，但她會隨時讓我了解她的想法以及為什么會有這個想法。那時她在公司已待了30年，但依然愛管閑事——我喜歡她這一點。
我的另一位老板湯姆有一句口頭禪：“人到死時方能安睡。”為他工作雖然很累，但他心胸開闊——他樂意向我征求意見，也樂意給我提供建議。我們經(jīng)常意見相左，但由此產(chǎn)生的爭論也使我們更深地理解了我們共同追求的目標。杰出的老板既給人以尊重，也贏得尊重。
然而你怎樣知道自己找到了好的老板呢？請相信自己的直覺。保持自我，然后判斷一下在未來幾年內他是否是那個你想向其學習的人。假如那個家伙在面試時了無趣味、難以接近、消極被動，可以想象平時的周一至周五他們會是什么模樣。在那種氣氛中，應征者處于最佳狀態(tài)，而面試者也不應該例外。你不喜歡看到的這一切嗎？決定權在你——不如去看看其他老板之后再決定是否長期加入這家公司吧。
丘吉爾曾把人歸為兩類，一類認為工作與快樂涇渭分明；另一類卻把工作當作快樂。不管你屬于哪一類，我建議一定要搞清楚你自己和老板各屬于哪一類。如果你們是同類，那么他可能就是你要找的好老師。
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