it是常見代詞之一,它既可以指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、天氣、距離等,還能作形式主語或形式賓語,同時(shí)可以引起強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一,F(xiàn)結(jié)合高考試題對(duì)其用法作一介紹。
一、用來表示時(shí)間、天氣、地點(diǎn)、距離、環(huán)境、形勢(shì)等。例如:
It is two miles to the beach. (Oxford) 這里到海濱有兩英里。
It was raining in the morning. (Oxford) 今天早晨下著雨。
If it’s convenient I can see you tomorrow. (Oxford) 如果方便,我明天能見你。
it表示時(shí)間常用于句型:
1、It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since 從句。意為“自……以來已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”或“自不……以來已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。例如:
1)It is/has been many years since I was last in London 自從我上次到倫敦,已經(jīng)有許多年了。
2)It’s a long time since we met last. 自從我們上次見面以來已經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。
2、It is/ was/ will be + 一段時(shí)間 + before 從句。表示“在(做某事)前過了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,或“過了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才……”。如:
But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before.
但是在100年之后,這個(gè)國(guó)家才能恢復(fù)到以前的樣子。
二、用來指代人。說明某人的身份或者做某事的人;指代嬰兒或兒童;在不清楚某人性別時(shí),也可使用 it,尤其在問答的形式中更為常見。例如:
---Look, someone is coming. Who can it be?
---It may be the headmaster.
---It can’t be him. He has gone to Shanghai.
---It must be Mr. Zhang. He looks like the headmaster.
三、用來指代前文中的內(nèi)容,或指代整個(gè)主句。如:
Take your pound of flesh! I declare the court allows it and the law gives it to you. 割下你要的.那一磅肉吧!我宣布法庭允許你這么做,法律把那一磅肉判給你了。
四、在一些相對(duì)固定的詞組中出現(xiàn),沒有特殊含義,經(jīng)常不翻譯。如:
1.He’s never really made it as an actor. (Oxford) 作為演員,他從未獲得過真正的成功。
2. It is my turn. 輪到我了。
3. That’s just it---I can’t work when you’re making so much noise. (Oxford)
原因就在這兒---你們這么吵,我沒法工作。
五、指代不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等,用作形式主語或形式賓語。如:
___ always difficult to be in a foreign country, especially if you don’t speak the language.
A.That is always B. It is always
C. It will be always D. That will always be
答案:B
用 it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句型主要有:
It + be + adj./ n. (for sb./of sb ) + to do sth.
It + be + fun/ a waste of time/ no good/ no use doing sth.
It +be+過去分詞+that從句
It +be+形容詞+ that從句
It +be+名詞(詞組)+that從句
It +seem/ appear/ happen的適當(dāng)形式+that從句。該句型?梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成含不定式的簡(jiǎn)單句。
It doesn‘t matter(It’s no wonder;It doesn‘t make too much difference等)+ when/ where/ which/ whether 等從句。
S. + v. it + adj. / n./ + 不定式或從句。常用于這一句型的動(dòng)詞有 find, consider, feel, make, think 等。
六、it 用來引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句型