從詞源上來說,the可視為that或those的弱化形式。而that或those是指示形容詞,有明確的指示功能。所以定冠詞the也可以用同樣的角度來了解:凡是上下文中有明指或暗指時,也就是有“那個”的指示功能時,便要用定冠詞the。
這一點認識幾乎可以解釋各大語法書對the列舉的條條框框。以下舉兩個例子來看,例句摘自《Common mistakes at IELTS Advanced and how to avoid them》。
1.the通常用在一般名詞而不是具體名詞前面。
這是因為具體名詞表達的內(nèi)容很明確,不需要the來指出其特殊性。但是一般名詞因為表達的含義比較普遍,所以想要描述一個具體含義的一般名詞時,就需要the來指出它的特殊性。比如:
These are problems for students living away from the family.
We don't know the effects of such chemicals on the body.
The role of the student at university level varies greatly from country to country.
Most of our business is carried out over the telephone.