動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
1) 規(guī)則變化情況 例詞 讀音與說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-ed lookcallopenneed
lookedcalledopenedneeded
looked
called
opened
needed
、-ed在清輔音音素后發(fā)音為t,在濁輔音后發(fā)音為d,在元音后發(fā)音也為d ②-ed在t 、d后發(fā)音為id ③但fix的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞x不雙寫(xiě),為fixed.
以-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-d movephonehopeagree
movedphonedhopedagreed
moved
phoned
hoped
agreed
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i,再加-ed
studycarrytry
studiedcarried
tried
以原音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-ed
playenjoystay
playedenjoyedstayed
末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,再加-ed
stopplanfit
stoppedplannedfitted
以-r音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫(xiě)r字母,再加-ed
preferrefer
preferred
referred
2) 不規(guī)則變化英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式變化不規(guī)則,可分為五種情況。
1.動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全同形。例:cut(切)hit(打)cast(扔)hurt(傷害)put(放)let(讓)shut(關(guān))cost(花費(fèi))set(放)rid(清除)
2.過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞完全同形。例:find(找到)pay(支付)leave(離開(kāi))lend(借出)meet(遇見(jiàn))keep(保持)lose(丟失)teach(教)sit(坐)lead(引導(dǎo))win(贏)除)
foundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon
3.動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去分詞同形例:原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞come(來(lái))run(跑)become(成為)
cameranbecame
comerunbecome
4.動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞形式完全不同。例:原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞give(給)fly(飛)drink(喝)see(看見(jiàn))go(去)know(知道)wear(穿)speak(說(shuō))
gaveflewdranksawwentknewworespoke
givenflowndrunkseengoneknownwornspoken
5.過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式例:原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞burn(燃燒)
burned burnt
burned burntlearn(學(xué)習(xí))
learned learnt
learned learntsmell(聞)
smelled smelt
smelled smeltspell (拼寫(xiě))
spelled spelt
spelled speltshine (照射)
shined shone
shined shoneleap (跳)
leaped leapt
leaped leapt
提示:
a. beat的過(guò)去式與原形同形:比:
beat(打擊) beat(過(guò)去式) beaten(過(guò)去分詞)
b. lie有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種,含義不同比:lie lied, lied(說(shuō)謊)lay, lain(躺,位于)
c. hang 有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種,含義不同比:hang hanged, hanged(處絞刑)hung, hung(掛,吊)
d. welcome(歡迎)一詞是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,不可誤用為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)welcome, welcome(誤)
e.不要將不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞誤用為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)