動詞變名詞的構詞法:
一:動詞后加or或er變成對應的人,如conduct—conductor ,cook—cooker,drive—driver , edit—editor;
二:動詞后加ment,如achieve—achievement, adjust—adjustment , advertise—advisement ,agree—agreement;
三:動詞后加tion,如adapt—adaptation,affect—affection,attract—attraction;
四:動詞后加sion,如admit –-admission,conclude—conclusion,decide—decision;
五:動詞后加-ance/-ence,如allow—allowance,aear—aearance,assist—assistance;
六:動詞后加-al,如arrive—arrival,survive—survival;
七:動詞后加ing,這個例子多得沒法數(shù)了。
動詞變?yōu)槊~的方法:
1.詞形不變,詞性改變。例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作動詞,也可以用作名詞。
2. 一些動詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示“某一類人”的名詞。例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor等。
注意:1)以不發(fā)音的e結尾的動詞,在詞尾加-r。例如:drive—driver, write—writer等。
2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾,且末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er。例如:run—runner, win—winner, begin—beginner等。
3. 在動詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞(方法與動詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的`方法相同)。例如: meet—meeting, build—building, wait—waiting, wash—washing, swim—swimming, shop—shopping, begin—beginning等。
動名詞的規(guī)則變化:
1.一般情況下,直接在動詞后加-ing (現(xiàn)在進行時)work ---- working study ----- studying
2.動詞以不發(fā)音的-e結尾,要去-e加-ing take ----- taking make ----- making
3.重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞,要雙寫詞尾字母,再加-ing cut ----- cutting put begin
4.以-ie結尾的動詞,把變成y再加-ing lie ----- lying tie ----- tying die ----- dying