現(xiàn)在完成時復習課件
現(xiàn)在完成時復習課件
教學過程
一、復習預習
1.引入:I have read this book twice. Read 動作發(fā)生在過去。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時的動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時結構中have/has的作用:通過do/dose/be等聯(lián)想法推導出have/has的語法 功能。
二、知識講解
本節(jié)課主要知識點解析,中高考考點、易錯點分析
考點/易錯點1
基本結構:助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done)
否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.
一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.
簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 用法
。1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義是:郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)
My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)
。2)現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(用行為動詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動詞表示),常與for(+時間段)或since(+時間點或過去時的句子)連用.
、賔or+時段
②since+過去一個時間點(譯為:自從以來)
、踫ince+時段+ago
、躶ince+從句(過去時)
、軮t is+時段+since+從句(過去時) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.
考點/易錯點2
現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去式的區(qū)別:
一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,那么這兩種時態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢? ①一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語如yesterday, last year, just now等連用;強調(diào)動作在過去發(fā)生,與現(xiàn)在無關。
②現(xiàn)在完成時與自已的特征詞already ,yet ,just ,ever ,never,before等連用,強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。
例: He saw the film last night. (過去時,表示他昨晚看過那部電影了,現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次)
He has (ever) seen the film before.(現(xiàn)在完成時,表示他已看過那部電影,現(xiàn)在不想再看了)
、郜F(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的。如:live, work,study等。而一般現(xiàn)在時對動詞是否延續(xù)無任何要求。
時間狀語的區(qū)別:
除了我們講過的already, yet, still,just, ever, never, since短語和 for短語外,還有許多時間狀語常用于現(xiàn)在完成時,我們要留心將它們和一般過去時的時間狀語區(qū)分開來:
1. lately, recently是完成時的時間狀語;just now 有a moment ago 之意,是過去時的時間狀語。如:
Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?
2. in the past few years 意思是“過去幾年來”,常用于完成時中;in the past意思是“在過去”,常用于過去時中。 如:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.
Where did you work in the past?
3. ever since then與from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意,但前者常用于完成時,而后兩者常用于過去時。如:
She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.
4. before 通常用于完成時;...ago通常用于過去時。如:
I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.
5. so far“到目前為止”, these days“這些天來”也是現(xiàn)在完成時常見的時間狀語。如: So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.
What have you done these days?
考點/易錯點3:
現(xiàn)在完成時動詞持續(xù)性用法
持續(xù)性用法(肯定句,疑問句中謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞):表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。此時常與“for +一段時間或“since+過去的點時間或從句(從句用一般過去時)以及so far(到目前為止)等時間狀語連用。
for + 段時間 / since +點時間
例:
1)I've lived here since 1990.自從1990年以來我就住在這里。
= I've lived here since 21 years ago.
= I've lived here for 21 years.
= It is 21 years since I began to live here.
注意:①在這類句子的肯定句和疑問句中謂語動詞必須用延續(xù)性動詞。短暫性動詞由于動作不能持續(xù),故不能與for(達到;累計)或since(自從。。。到現(xiàn)在)引出的時間狀語連用。 ②對for和since引導的時間狀語提問要用How long
1) 他入團兩年了。
誤:He has joined the League for two years.
正:He has been a League member for two years.
區(qū)別:have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法
1. have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時間”,常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。
2. have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用。 如:
I've just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。
3. have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次。如:
I've been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。
4. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 總之,說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場,一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如: ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。
三、例題精析
【試題】3~5道
【例題1】
【【題干】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū),重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無時間狀語,需要從上下文分析、推理才行。正確答案是B。
【例題2】
【題干】Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
。. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時還與once(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重復次數(shù)的詞語連用。故應選B。
【例題3】
【題干】—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
。. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
【答案】B
【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆,就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒有關系;現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關系的發(fā)生在過去的動作,它不與表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)連用。故正確答案為B。
四、課堂運用
【基礎】 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
。. already B.never C.ever D. Still
3. Have you met Mr Li ______?
。. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
答案及解析:
1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū),重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無時間狀語,需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理,正確答案是B。
2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛,正好),ever(曾經(jīng)),never(從來,也不;從不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等連用。故2應選B。
3、C
【鞏固】
1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
。. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
2. -Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
。. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
3. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
答案及解析:
1、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently(近來),so far(到目前為止),in the past/"last + 一段時間"等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間,句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故2應選D。
2、C
3、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與"for +時間段或since +過去時間點"連用(含從句,從句過去時)。故3應選C。
【拔高】 1. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
。. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
2. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
。. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
3. -These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
。. will they go B. did they go
。. do they go D. have they gone
答案及解析:
1、C
2、現(xiàn)在完成時還與once(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重復次數(shù)的詞語連用。故2應選B。
3、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆,就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的.事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒有關系;現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關系的發(fā)生在過去的動作,它不與表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday , last week ,
a moment ago等)連用。故3的正確答案為B。)
課程小結
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的定義
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時里表示一段時間的延續(xù)性動詞以及連續(xù)性動詞的用法
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時對比和總結
課后作業(yè)
【基礎】
1. -______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
。. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
2. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
3. -Do you know him well ?
Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
。. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
答案及解析:
1、B
2、現(xiàn)在完成時中,非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用,通常是用相應的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為:D。
3.B
【鞏固】
1. -How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
。. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
。. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. Began
3. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
。. is B. has C. will D. Was
答案及解析:
1、A 2、C 3、A。
【拔高】
1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
。. have been in B. have been to
C. have gone to D. have been
3. The students have cleaned the classroom, __________?
A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they
答案及解析:
1、"have/has gone to + 地點"表示"某人去了某地(還未回來)",指主語所指的人不在這兒。"have/has been in + 地點"表示"在某地呆了多長時間",常與表示時間的狀語連用。"have/has been to +地點"表示"曾經(jīng)去過某地(但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒)。"故16的正確答案為A。
2、A
3、D
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