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      2. 現(xiàn)在完成時復習課件

        時間:2021-06-11 09:08:06 課件 我要投稿

        現(xiàn)在完成時復習課件

          現(xiàn)在完成時復習課件

        現(xiàn)在完成時復習課件

          教學過程

          一、復習預習

          1.引入:I have read this book twice. Read 動作發(fā)生在過去。

          2.現(xiàn)在完成時的動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。

          3.現(xiàn)在完成時結構中have/has的作用:通過do/dose/be等聯(lián)想法推導出have/has的語法 功能。

          二、知識講解

          本節(jié)課主要知識點解析,中高考考點、易錯點分析

          考點/易錯點1

          基本結構:助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done)

          否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.

          一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.

          簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 用法

         。1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果

          I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)

          Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義是:郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)

          My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)

         。2)現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(用行為動詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動詞表示),常與for(+時間段)或since(+時間點或過去時的句子)連用.

         、賔or+時段

          ②since+過去一個時間點(譯為:自從以來)

         、踫ince+時段+ago

         、躶ince+從句(過去時)

         、軮t is+時段+since+從句(過去時) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.

          考點/易錯點2

          現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去式的區(qū)別:

          一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,那么這兩種時態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢? ①一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語如yesterday, last year, just now等連用;強調(diào)動作在過去發(fā)生,與現(xiàn)在無關。

          ②現(xiàn)在完成時與自已的特征詞already ,yet ,just ,ever ,never,before等連用,強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。

          例: He saw the film last night. (過去時,表示他昨晚看過那部電影了,現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次)

          He has (ever) seen the film before.(現(xiàn)在完成時,表示他已看過那部電影,現(xiàn)在不想再看了)

         、郜F(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的。如:live, work,study等。而一般現(xiàn)在時對動詞是否延續(xù)無任何要求。

          時間狀語的區(qū)別:

          除了我們講過的already, yet, still,just, ever, never, since短語和 for短語外,還有許多時間狀語常用于現(xiàn)在完成時,我們要留心將它們和一般過去時的時間狀語區(qū)分開來:

          1. lately, recently是完成時的時間狀語;just now 有a moment ago 之意,是過去時的時間狀語。如:

          Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?

          2. in the past few years 意思是“過去幾年來”,常用于完成時中;in the past意思是“在過去”,常用于過去時中。 如:

          Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.

          Where did you work in the past?

          3. ever since then與from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意,但前者常用于完成時,而后兩者常用于過去時。如:

          She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.

          4. before 通常用于完成時;...ago通常用于過去時。如:

          I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.

          5. so far“到目前為止”, these days“這些天來”也是現(xiàn)在完成時常見的時間狀語。如: So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.

          What have you done these days?

          考點/易錯點3:

          現(xiàn)在完成時動詞持續(xù)性用法

          持續(xù)性用法(肯定句,疑問句中謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞):表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。此時常與“for +一段時間或“since+過去的點時間或從句(從句用一般過去時)以及so far(到目前為止)等時間狀語連用。

          for + 段時間 / since +點時間

          例:

          1)I've lived here since 1990.自從1990年以來我就住在這里。

          = I've lived here since 21 years ago.

          = I've lived here for 21 years.

          = It is 21 years since I began to live here.

          注意:①在這類句子的肯定句和疑問句中謂語動詞必須用延續(xù)性動詞。短暫性動詞由于動作不能持續(xù),故不能與for(達到;累計)或since(自從。。。到現(xiàn)在)引出的時間狀語連用。 ②對for和since引導的時間狀語提問要用How long

          1) 他入團兩年了。

          誤:He has joined the League for two years.

          正:He has been a League member for two years.

          區(qū)別:have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法

          1. have(has) been in 意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時間”,常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:

          Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。

          2. have(has) been to意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地”,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用。 如:

          I've just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。

          Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎?

          Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。

          3. have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次。如:

          I've been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。

          They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。

          4. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 總之,說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場,一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如: ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。

          三、例題精析

          【試題】3~5道

          【例題1】

          【【題干】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

          A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know

          【答案】B

          【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū),重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無時間狀語,需要從上下文分析、推理才行。正確答案是B。

          【例題2】

          【題干】Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

         。. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see

          【答案】B

          【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時還與once(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重復次數(shù)的詞語連用。故應選B。

          【例題3】

          【題干】—These farmers have been to the United States .

          —Really ? When _____ there ?

         。. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone

          【答案】B

          【解析】現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆,就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒有關系;現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關系的發(fā)生在過去的動作,它不與表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)連用。故正確答案為B。

          四、課堂運用

          【基礎】 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know

          2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

         。. already B.never C.ever D. Still

          3. Have you met Mr Li ______?

         。. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago

          答案及解析:

          1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū),重點在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無時間狀語,需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理,正確答案是B。

          2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛,正好),ever(曾經(jīng)),never(從來,也不;從不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等連用。故2應選B。

          3、C

          【鞏固】

          1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

         。. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written

          2. -Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good

         。. has changed ; better D. changed ; better

          3. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

          A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying

          答案及解析:

          1、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently(近來),so far(到目前為止),in the past/"last + 一段時間"等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間,句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故2應選D。

          2、C

          3、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與"for +時間段或since +過去時間點"連用(含從句,從句過去時)。故3應選C。

          【拔高】 1. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

         。. know B. had known C. have known D. knew

          2. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

         。. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see

          3. -These farmers have been to the United States .

          -Really ? When _____ there ?

         。. will they go B. did they go

         。. do they go D. have they gone

          答案及解析:

          1、C

          2、現(xiàn)在完成時還與once(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重復次數(shù)的詞語連用。故2應選B。

          3、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆,就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的.事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒有關系;現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關系的發(fā)生在過去的動作,它不與表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday , last week ,

          a moment ago等)連用。故3的正確答案為B。)

          課程小結

          1. 現(xiàn)在完成時的定義

          2. 現(xiàn)在完成時里表示一段時間的延續(xù)性動詞以及連續(xù)性動詞的用法

          3. 現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時對比和總結

          課后作業(yè)

          【基礎】

          1. -______ you ___ your homework yet ?

          -Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

          A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished

         。. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish

          2. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

          A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

          3. -Do you know him well ?

          Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

         。. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

          答案及解析:

          1、B

          2、現(xiàn)在完成時中,非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用,通常是用相應的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為:D。

          3.B

          【鞏固】

          1. -How long have you ____ here ?

          -About two months .

         。. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

          2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

         。. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. Began

          3. It _____ ten years since he left the army .

         。. is B. has C. will D. Was

          答案及解析:

          1、A 2、C 3、A。

          【拔高】

          1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

          A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

          2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

         。. have been in B. have been to

          C. have gone to D. have been

          3. The students have cleaned the classroom, __________?

          A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they

          答案及解析:

          1、"have/has gone to + 地點"表示"某人去了某地(還未回來)",指主語所指的人不在這兒。"have/has been in + 地點"表示"在某地呆了多長時間",常與表示時間的狀語連用。"have/has been to +地點"表示"曾經(jīng)去過某地(但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒)。"故16的正確答案為A。

          2、A

          3、D

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