定語(yǔ)從句的講解課件
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定語(yǔ)從句的講解課件
一、課堂導(dǎo)入
教師讀句子，讓學(xué)生聽(tīng)并復(fù)述
1. she is the girl who has blue eyes.
2. I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue.
3. A telephone is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
4. I like this person that has 3 story books
5. This is the office where he worked.
6. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)
教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課所學(xué)的反意疑問(wèn)句，包括反意疑問(wèn)句的形式，祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句，there be句型的反意疑問(wèn)句等， (以提問(wèn)、回顧的形式進(jìn)行)，針對(duì)上節(jié)課的作業(yè)進(jìn)行講評(píng)、訂正、答疑，并通過(guò)對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句具體用法的分析和擴(kuò)展導(dǎo)入本節(jié)課所要學(xué)習(xí)的定語(yǔ)從句。
三、知識(shí)講解
知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：定語(yǔ)從句的概念和先行詞
1. 【考查點(diǎn)】在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。(而在一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句)
如：I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue. (定語(yǔ)從句)
我愛(ài)眼睛是藍(lán)色的這位英語(yǔ)老師
I don’t know (賓語(yǔ)從句)
我不知道你怎樣才能到達(dá)那個(gè)公園。
2. 【考查點(diǎn)】被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
如：A friend is someone who says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”
A Wechat (微信) is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系詞~關(guān)系代詞
1.【考查點(diǎn)】既能指物也能指人的關(guān)系代詞 that，whose。
如： ① I like this person that has 3 story books. (先行詞是人person)
②先行詞是物book)
�、�(先行詞是teacher)
②先行詞是dog)
2、【考查點(diǎn)】只能用來(lái)指代人的關(guān)系詞who, whom.
如：Is he the man who wants to see you?
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
3、【考查點(diǎn)】只能指代物的關(guān)系詞which。
如：A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
4、【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)系詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>
如：1、(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))
他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎?
2、他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
3、作賓語(yǔ)) which / that在句中(
農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。
4、((只用作定語(yǔ))
那人車壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
(注：當(dāng)上題先行詞指物時(shí)它還可以同of which互換)
如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書
知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。
如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：關(guān)系詞的選擇取決于從句中的'謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
1.【考查點(diǎn)】 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。
如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
四、例題精析
【例題1】
【題干】Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that
【答案】A
【解析】： 主語(yǔ)與run(延伸)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。Those指街道，所以不用
來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 who而用that
【題干】Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
【答案】：D
【解析】：將疑問(wèn)句改為陳述句：this research center is…顯然缺少先行詞，必須加上代詞the one來(lái)作先行詞，又因定語(yǔ)從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where。假若在this后加the，就選where，請(qǐng)想想這是為什么。
【題 干】
The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk cor第一文庫(kù)網(wǎng)rectly and safely.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
【答案】：B
【解析】 因?yàn)楸硎尽半A段、程度、地步”的the point在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用
語(yǔ)從句。 where引導(dǎo)定
【題干】
—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
【答案】：C 【解析】：因?yàn)閛f which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。
五、課堂運(yùn)用
【基礎(chǔ)】
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where
【答案】A
【解析】：which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
【答案】C.
【解析】"和誰(shuí)講話”要說(shuō)speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
【答案】
【解析】是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 D. where
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
【答案】. C.
【解析】
是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 when
【鞏固】
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
【答案】A.
【解析】 which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語(yǔ)。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語(yǔ)。
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
【答案】C.
【解析】which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作visit的賓語(yǔ)。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語(yǔ)。
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
【答案】 A.
【解析】where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
【拔高】
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
【答案】A.
【解析】“談到某事物”應(yīng)說(shuō)talk about sth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語(yǔ)，不能用that。
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
【答案】 A.
【解析】with which是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),即he is writing with a pen.
課程小結(jié)
本節(jié)課主要圍繞定語(yǔ)從句的�？键c(diǎn)展開(kāi)，即：定語(yǔ)從句的概念，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞等。需要重點(diǎn)掌握的是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此外，在初中階段也會(huì)經(jīng)常接觸到定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇，因此，這個(gè)考點(diǎn)也需要重點(diǎn)掌握。
近年中考對(duì)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的考查往往是與語(yǔ)境想結(jié)合，因此，同學(xué)在做題時(shí)要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析題目，靈活地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。
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