八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課件
語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題
Module 1
簡(jiǎn)單句：由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成。
一. 五種基本句型：
1． 主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ) （S+V+P）He is happy.
2． 主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋（狀語(yǔ)） ( S+V ) He is swimming.
3． 主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋（狀語(yǔ)） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.
4． 主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ) ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,
主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋直接賓語(yǔ)＋間接賓語(yǔ) ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.
5． 主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.
二. 練習(xí)：寫(xiě)出下列句子的基本成分。
1． He likes music very much.
2． The soup tastes salty.
3． She works very hard.
4． My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.
5． My father bought me a computer.
Module 2
賓語(yǔ)從句：以一個(gè)句子作為賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句。
一. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)：
主句 從句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 要根據(jù)具體情況選擇所需要的時(shí)態(tài)
一般過(guò)去時(shí) 相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)
一般過(guò)去時(shí) 客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
e.g. He says that he is going to the cinema.
He said that he couldn’t finish the work on time.
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
二. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序：陳述句的語(yǔ)序。
三. 賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：
陳述句 that (在口語(yǔ)中可省去)
一般疑問(wèn)句 if / whether
特殊疑問(wèn)句 疑問(wèn)詞 (what, when, where, who, why, which, how)
e.g. He says. He likes painting.---- He says (that) he likes painting.
Is he American? He asked ---- He asked if / whether he was American.
Where is the cinema? I don’t know ---- I don’t know where the cinema is.
四. 練習(xí)：把下列句子改為賓語(yǔ)從句。
1. The story is very interesting. (he said)
2. What did you say? ( I didn’t hear)
3. Where does he come from. (I want to know)
4. Is your father a doctor? (my teacher asked)
5. Has she seen the film? (I don’t know)
6. How can I get to the hospital. (Can you tell me)
7. He is playing computer games. (he says)
8. They will have a meeting tomorrow. (I know)
Module 3
動(dòng)詞不定式（to do）和動(dòng)名詞（v-ing）
有些動(dòng)詞后面需加to do或-ing來(lái)把意思補(bǔ)充完整。接to do的單詞多為 “打算”、“計(jì)劃”、“希望”之類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞，而這些動(dòng)詞都表示未來(lái)。接-ing形式的動(dòng)詞要么表示是正在進(jìn)行，要么表示一般性或經(jīng)常性行為。有的動(dòng)詞既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。
一. 接to do的動(dòng)詞有：want, would like, agree, refuse, decide, learn, need, offer, afford, wish, hope, ask等。
二. 接-ing的'動(dòng)詞有：feel like, keep, enjoy, finish, practice等。
三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的動(dòng)詞有：hate, like, love, begin, start（意思一樣），remember, forget, continue, stop, try, go on（意思不一樣）等。
四. 練習(xí)：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. Would you like _____________ (have) a cup of tea?
2. I’m very tired, let’s stop _____________ (have) a rest.
3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldn’t remember _________________ (smile) at me.
4. He wants _____________ (buy) a new bike.
5. You must keep _______________ (practice) ______________ (speak) English every day.
6. Have you finished _____________ (read) the book?
7. I decide ______________ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.
8. My sister enjoys _______________ (listen) to music.
9. He learnt ______________ (swim) all by himself.
10. My father agreed ____________ (buy) me a computer.
11. I forgot _____________ (close) the door yesterday.
12. I hate ______________ (lose).
13. The teacher is coming, we stop _____________. (talk)
14. We tried ______________ (finish) the work on time.
15. Sally refused ______________ (play) during the final practice.
16. He offers ____________ (help) me with the work.
17. She can’t afford ______________ (buy) a dictionary.
18. I hope _____________ (go) abroad.
19. Da Wei asked ____________ (play) the computer game on my father’s computer.
20. He started _______________ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.
Module 4-5
一. 由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句 (如果...)
1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)
主句 + if從句. If從句, 主句.
2. 時(shí)態(tài)變化
主句 從句
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
will won’t 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
v. don’t + v.
v.-s doesn’t + v.
啟使句
v. Don’t + v.
e.g.:
If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.
=
If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy.
=
If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.
=
=She should , or
二. 感嘆句 (多......啊!)
1. What + a/an/... + adj. + n. (+ 主語(yǔ) + be)!
(+ 從句)
e.g.: clean classroom it !
honest kid Tom !
terrible news this !
fantastic concerts they !
funny place we went yesterday!
2. How + adj. + 主語(yǔ) (the + n. /人名/代詞) + be!
How + adv. + 主語(yǔ) + v.!
How + adj./adv. + 從句!
e.g.: 改寫(xiě)上面的句子.
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