W(xu)(Peking University)(jin)QQ1898꣬W(xu)Ї(gu)һ(gu)W(xu)Ҳǵһ(g)ԡW(xu)֮(chung)kČW(xu)У(bio)־Ї(gu)ߵȽ_(ki)Ї(gu)ԁ(li)Ψһԇ(gu)ߌW(xu)݄(chung)ČW(xu)УҲLJ(gu)߽C(j)P(gun)ʹy(tng)ȫ(gu)Ї(gu)ĬF(xin)W(xu)ƣ_(ki)(chung)Ї(gu)Ŀr(nng)ơt(y)ƵȴW(xu)W(xu)ǽԁ(li)Ї(gu)ߵȽĵߡ
191253W(xu)øķQW(xu)У(yn)(f)УL(zhng) 1916꣬ԪУL(zhng)ѭ˼ԭtȡݲ֮xѱkȫ(gu)ČW(xu)g(sh)˼ʹɞĻ\(yn)(dng)ġ\(yn)(dng)IJԴ1937꿹Ց(zhn)(zhng)l(f)W(xu)cAW(xu)_(ki)W(xu)wL(zhng)ɳMɇ(gu)L(zhng)ɳRr(sh)W(xu)wķQ(gu)(lin)ϴW(xu)194610ڱƽ(f)W(xu) 1952Ժϵ{(dio)У@ă(ni)ɳtw@
W(xu)ɽֱ٣ֱܸ(j)ϵ(gu)ҡ211̡985̡2011Ӌ(j)O(sh)ȫ(gu)c(din)W(xu)ǾУ(lin)(C9)Ї(gu)W(xu)УL(zhng)(lin)x(hu)|оʹW(xu)f(xi)(hu)(gu)HоʹW(xu)(lin)h(hun)̫ƽW(xu)(lin)|ĴW(xu)Փ(gu)HW(xu)ՓҪɆT
W(xu)ʼKc(gu)\(yn)oBۼSW(xu)ߌB(yng)˱(yu)˲ţ(chung)˴شƌW(xu)ɹӰ푺Ƅ(dng)Ї(gu)F(xin)˼ՓƌW(xu)g(sh)Ļ(hu)l(f)չM(jn)
vʷظ
ĩ/W(xu)Õr(sh)
18986£wC(gu)tС׃t(sh)Џ(qing){(dio)W(xu)Þʡ֮ȑ(yng)ek189873գw(zhn)?jin)ݵġMW(xu)³̡ʽ(chung)kW(xu)ãЕ(sh)f(xi)kW(xu)ʿOؾιW(xu)(w)(܌W(xu))SOؾSΞЌW(xu)(x)(gu)ʿtW(xu)(x)921̫cfɰl(f)(dng)׃վSʧW(xu)õԱ
W(xu)Ǯ(dng)r(sh)Ї(gu)ߌW(xu)߽C(j)P(gun)˺ܶW(xu)(mTmwֵ)J(rn)W(xu)Ї(gu)v̫W(xu)((gu)ӱO(jin)(gu)ӌW(xu))^ǹŴߌW(xu)ڬF(xin)m(x)J(rn)鱱Уʷ(yng)ĝh̫W(xu);һЇ(gu)ʽO(sh)ĵһW(xu)Ї(gu)F(xin)ߵȽr(sh)_(ki)(chung)Сϳ̫W(xu)y(tng)W(xu)֮ͥf(shu)[20]
1900x͈F(tun)\(yn)(dng)l(f)W(xu)Ɖ190083ͣ͢kW(xu)ˇ(gu)(lin)܊뱱W(xu)Ɖ
190212£ίЕ(sh)܌W(xu)؟(z)ɽ(jng)W(xu)W(xu)õԻ֏(f)](x)(yn)(f)ּδW(xu)g(sh)ֿkk(chung)k1862(w)\(yn)(dng)gľͬ^ҲW(xu)1217գW(xu)ek_(ki)W(xu)Y(j)W(xu)ƣ̶ͬȵĮI(y)քeڽoؕeM(jn)ʿ^[21-22]
1903O(sh)M(jn)ʿ^gW(xu)^t(y)W(xu)(sh)I(y)^
1904W(xu)ù܌W(xu)Ğ鿂W(xu)(w)ؓ(f)؟(z)y(tng)ݠȫ(gu)W(xu)(w)O(sh)W(xu)ÿO(jin)ܾW(xu)W(xu)ýy(tng)ݠȫ(gu)˷xɞμĸߵȌW(xu)УͬM(jn)ʿ^_(ki)W(xu)Ї(gu)vʷϵɌÿeM(jn)ʿî(1903)M(jn)ʿ80ͼ׳(1904)M(jn)ʿ30W(xu)x47W(xu)(gu)W(xu)_(ki)Ї(gu)ߵȌW(xu)УDzW(xu)֮Ⱥӡ
1905(gu)ӱO(jin)ͣkr(sh)һδI(y)ČW(xu)ֱM(jn)뾩W(xu)ÌW(xu)(x)
1910W(xu)_(ki)kֿƴW(xu)_(ki)k(jng)Ŀơ̿¿()r(nng)ƹ߿O(sh)ʮW(xu)Tքeǽ(jng)ƵԊ(sh)(jng)ܶYĿƵЇ(gu)ČW(xu)Ї(gu)ʷW(xu)ƵW(xu)̿ƵyбU(xin)¿Ƶĵ|(zh)W(xu)ƵľVұr(nng)Ƶr(nng)W(xu)Ї(gu)һCԴW(xu)KڳҎ(gu)ģ[23]
A(gu)/(gu)W(xu)r(sh)
(gu)(1912-1916)
191253W(xu)ø鱱W(xu)Уڡ(gu)Ї(gu)vʷϵһ(gu)ĴW(xu)(yn)(f)θУL(zhng)1914ԴαW(xu)УL(zhng)˕r(sh)S٩㑡XͬRϺ͡TܡͬڱW(xu)ν
\(yn)(dng)ǰ(1916-1927)
191612ԪαW(xu)УL(zhng)19161927Ԫ(dn)αУL(zhng)@ʮҕ鱱W(xu)Уʷϵһx춨˱Ăy(tng);191719գW(xu)_(ki)W(xu)Ԫ_(ki)W(xu)Yϰl(f)f(shu)(du)W(xu)c(din)ҪּƵZС(i)ѡԪW(xu)оW(xu)(wn)Ҳѭ˼ԭtȡݲ֮x(du)W(xu)M(jn)һϵеĸĸoһQЇ(gu)(gu)̎ƸՈ(qng)ꐪ(d)ԪքeĿơƌW(xu)L(zhng)ƸՈ(qng)mѸr(nng)Ĺ⡢ǹι⡢^h(sh)A֡RϺ͡ꐆܵȵУνgڱW(xu)ν̵W(xu)߀S(ji)÷ĵԫRԣʿϣ桢Rڵ(du)ЌW(xu)g(sh)ԄfĹS٩ˣԪҲL(zhng)
ԪڱW(xu)нУƶO(sh)u(png)h(hu)W(xu)Уߙ(qun)C(j)P(gun)C(j)P(gun)u(png)hTɽx(li)ڸW(xu)T(ϵ)O(sh)ڕ(hu)SO(sh)W(xu)(hu)h̄(w)(hu)h(w)̎19209W(xu)УĹwѽ(jng)졣Ԫ೫(do)(d)J(rn)Ͳ(yng)ҽ^(du)ɵĴW(xu)УL(zhng)ˎ״oȥW(xu)УL(zhng)(w)
ԪDkɿƞc(din)ľCԴW(xu)̿Ʋ뷨ƣѹƲ뱱W(xu)1919ԪNġW(xu)T`ڿČW(xu)TW(xu)ϵO(sh)14(g)W(xu)ϵԪU꼉(j)(sh)ʩxl(f)չW(xu)(g)ͨ1917ԪڱW(xu)O(sh)ġоB(yng)о@Ї(gu)Уо1918꣬(chung)W(xu)(bo)Ї(gu)ĴW(xu)W(xu)(bo)ԪeO_(ki)չW(xu)g(sh)Ո(qng)_(l)l(wi)ʿ˵ҵvW(xu)1920꣬W(xu)S3ŮM(jn)Ŀ (tng)ͬʽ_(ki)ʼŮW(xu)_(ki)Ї(gu)W(xu)ŮͬУ֮
1919((gu))54\(yn)(dng)l(f)W(xu)ȱW(xu)УČW(xu)찲Tǰ(hu)_҂Bԭ͢(j)W(xu)\(yn)(dng)(g)SeW(xu)W(xu)˹(du)鿂ָ](hu)x˱W(xu)SݵġW(xu)ԡɢl(f)˱W(xu)_҂ݵġW(xu)ȫwԡЌW(xu)wҘʹ飬܊(dng)(chng)W(xu)Ԫࡢꐪ(d)㡢mѸ(dng)r(sh)ˠI(yng)ȌW(xu)ϧl(f)(dng)ȫ(gu)̽TTСW(xu)Đ(i)(gu)\(yn)(dng)õ˸W(xu)Ⱥ֧֣ͬW(xu)(i)(gu)\(yn)(dng)һѸȼȫ(gu)l(f)չɞȫ(gu)Եķې(i)(gu)\(yn)(dng)Tݛ(w)ܽ^ͼsW(xu)\(yn)(dng)ȡÄ\(yn)(dng)W(xu)Ї(gu)ϵy(tng)ؽ(sh)`R˼xɞЇ(gu)оcR˼x19208ꐪ(d)ㄓ(chung)Ϻa(chn)hСM192010ᓄ(chung)a(chn)hСMйһǰЇ(gu)53йhT21DZУ[26]
ʮ(1927-1937)
19271929g̎ڄ(dng)ʎ֮У(yn)شݚϵ܊yȡ(qun)1927꺷Ȼȡc(gu)W(xu)ϲ龩W(xu)У1928Ͼ(gu)ȌĞAW(xu)(f)Ğ鱱ƽW(xu)(f)Ğ(gu)ƽW(xu)W(xu)Ժ1929걱Џ(f)У(gu)86ջ֏(f)(gu)W(xu)
1930((gu)ʮ)(gu)νL(zhng)ԪĸȴУL(zhng)Y(mng)_(ki)ʼ(zh)ƱһʽY(mng)ĸﱱW(xu)ƶʮַᘡΌW(xu)W(xu)W(xu)T£УL(zhng)u(png)h(hu)У(w)ίT(hu)
1931걱cAĻ(hu)O(sh)оؿ(dng)dD(sh)^|(zh)^ҘnjW(xu)˴و(chng);ƸϵO(sh)ʩõஔ(dng)?sh)ĸơ?/p>
19326W(xu)(sh)ЌW(xu)ԺƣO(sh)(g)W(xu)Ժm(sh)ܱշքeԺL(zhng)
1935ѽɌ(sh)(yn)40(g)(sh)(yn)x6716(bio)15788NˎƷ(sh)(x)þ3100O(sh)lȫ(gu)Уǰ
(gu)(lin)ϴW(xu)r(sh)(1937-1946)
193777RϘ׃l(f)7µ܊ȺռI(lng)ƽ
9W(xu)Ͼ(gu)wL(zhng)ɳc(gu)AW(xu)˽_(ki)W(xu)Mɇ(gu)L(zhng)ɳRr(sh)W(xu)
1938L(zhng)ɳRr(sh)W(xu)ǰ42ո(gu)(lin)ϴW(xu)ȫУO(sh)ġ傀(g)W(xu)Ժ26(g)ϵ193854գ(lin)ʽn5±оԺ֏(f)_(ki)ʼоW(xu)У
(lin)ϴW(xu)kW(xu)lʮD࣬УoȱȱكxY㡣֎òԾSӋ(j)MܗlD(lin)kW(xu)gоI(y)3882ˣУ8000B(yng)˺ܶ(yu)˲ţ90˺(li)ɞЇ(gu)ƌW(xu)ԺЇ(gu)ԺԺʿ(⼮Ժʿ)6˫@ɏһǹת(jing)?w)¡?@(jing)?w)߹?3)3˫@A͇(gu)(gu)߿ƌW(xu)g(sh)(jing)@ZؐW(xu)(jing)19458ձ(zhn)ڽͨlyУԭУд(lin)^m(x)kW(xu)һ194654(lin)ϴW(xu)ekY(ji)I(y)Y(lin)Y(ji)[28]
Ց(zhn)(zhng)ć(gu)W(xu)(1946-1949)
19467ºm(gu)9ʽαУL(zhng)ڱ֮ȫ
(f)dѱߌW(xu)ɹߵČW(xu)g(sh)оC(j)P(gun)pʮ(ji)ڇ(gu)(hu)ֱԺY¡eЏ(f)У_(ki)W(xu)Ym^ߵӔ^(j)(j)ʿͼһ
1946ƸΜͮČW(xu)ԺL(zhng)ع̩W(xu)ԺL(zhng)ܱ՞鷨W(xu)ԺL(zhng)Rўt(y)W(xu)ԺL(zhng)r(nng)W(xu)ԺL(zhng)R鹤W(xu)ԺL(zhng)H̄(w)L(zhng)ѩӖ(xn)(do)L(zhng)ͦؕ(sh)L(zhng)O(sh)33(g)W(xu)ϵ(t(y)W(xu)ϵO(sh)18)ɂ(g)Ƽ(d)Ŀо(j)194612µĽy(tng)Ӌ(j)ע(c)W(xu)3420(f)TW(xu)Ժõӏ(qing)t(y)r(nng)W(xu)Ժ̎Ї(gu)피ˮƽm߀MO(sh)ԭоք(sh)(dng)ʎδ܌(sh)F(xin)1948(gu)оԺxeԺʿʮڮ(dng)xЇ(gu)W(xu)֮
194811£ƽ܊(gu)ԭӋ(j)W(xu)wڕ(hu)Qhw(gu)*hMȴꑌW(xu)Ӌ(j)ɳwC(j)ϣһҪW(xu)x_(ki)ƽmX˼ëˮҦ£(sh)W(xu)˱ƽ1215պmУL(zhng)xƽwܱͦͮУ(w)ʾmh(yun)Q[29]