【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語
1．impress
（1）. impress作 “銘刻” 講時(shí), 是及物動(dòng)詞. 常用于impress sth on/upon sb “使某人銘記某事物”.
例如:
His words impressed themselves on my memory.
他的話銘刻在我的記憶里.
（2）. impress還可以表示 “給某人留下深刻印象”, 常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài).
例如:
We were deeply impressed by his words.
他的話給我們留下了深刻的印象.
His acting impressed me as being somewhat artificial.
他的演技給我的印象是有點(diǎn)做作.
（3）. 習(xí)語: impress sb with sth.使某人牢記某事.
be impressed on one’s mind/memory被印在腦海里; 留下很深的印象.
（4）. 同義詞: affect vt給……以印象; 影響.
2．close 與closely 的區(qū)別
close 和closely 用作副詞意義上有差別。
Close 是指距離、場(chǎng)所、地點(diǎn)等的“接近，靠近”，可以說是一種實(shí)際意義上的“接近”。Close to有“接近，幾乎，大概，差不多”的意思。
例如：
We live close to the church.
我們住在教堂附近。
They sat close together.
他們緊挨著坐在一起。
He came close to losing his temper.
他差一點(diǎn)發(fā)脾氣了。
Closely 是指抽象意義上的“接近”，多用比喻意義，有“親密地，嚴(yán)密地，仔細(xì)地”等意思。
例如：
The secret must be closely guarded.
這個(gè)秘密要嚴(yán)加保守。
He is looking at the bill closely.
他正仔細(xì)地看著帳單。
[拓展] 由close 和closely這種意義上的區(qū)別，我們可以很輕松地區(qū)別high和highly、wide和widely等一類詞。帶-ly的副詞往往用作抽象意義或比喻意義，而不帶-ly的副詞多用作實(shí)際意義。
例如：
He threw the ball high into the air.
他把球高高地拋向空中。（high 是指實(shí)際意義上的“高”）
They spoke highly of his behaviour.
他們高度地贊揚(yáng)了他的行為。（highly 用作比喻意義“高度地”）
The dentist asked me to open wide.
牙醫(yī)要我張大嘴巴。（wide 是指實(shí)際意義的“大、闊”）
He is widely read.
他博覽群書。（widely 是指抽象意義上的“廣泛地”）
3．recommend
（1）. recommend作 “推薦; 介紹”解時(shí), 是及物動(dòng)詞. 與to搭配, 表示 “將……推薦給……”, 與for搭配, 表示 “推薦……做……”, 與as搭配, 表示 “推薦……為……”.
例如:
I can recommend this dish.
我可以推薦這道菜.
Will you recommend a good dictionary to me?
你能推薦(介紹)一本好字典給我嗎?
He will recommend you for the job.
他將會(huì)推薦你擔(dān)任那項(xiàng)職務(wù).
I recommend her as your secretary.
我推薦她當(dāng)你的秘書
（2）. recommend表示 “建議; 勸告”講, 可以用于以下結(jié)構(gòu): recommend doing sth指 “建議/勸告做某事”: recommend sb to do, 指 “勸某人做某事”: recommend后還可加that從句, 表示 “建議……”.
例如:
I recommend going by airplane
我建議搭飛機(jī)去.
The doctor recommended me to take a long rest
醫(yī)生勸我長(zhǎng)期修養(yǎng).
He recommended that the prisoners (should) be released.
他建議釋放俘虜.
[注意] recommend引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí), 從句動(dòng)詞需要用虛擬語氣形式, 即 “ should +do”或者do.
（3）. 同義詞: advise/suggest vt.建議.
二、詞義辨析
1．如何正確使用“offer，provide, supply”？
offer 指主動(dòng)提供。常構(gòu)成“offer sb. sth.；offer sth. to/for sb.”結(jié)構(gòu)。
provide 提供，供應(yīng)，供給（有用的或必需的物品）。常構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)“provide sth.(for sb.; provide sb. with sth.”。
supply 供應(yīng)，供給（所需要或所要求的物品）。常構(gòu)成固定表達(dá)“supply sth. to sb.; supply sb. with sth.”。
[例如]
The police are offering a big reward for any information about the murder.
警方懸賞一大筆賞金給提供有關(guān)這一謀殺案情況的人。
The firm has provided me with a car.
公司提供給我一輛車。
They supply gas to consumers.
他們向消費(fèi)者供應(yīng)煤氣。
2．a(chǎn)lthough, though, as, in spite of和despite的區(qū)別
這幾個(gè)詞都有 “雖然, 盡管”的意思. 前三個(gè)詞是連詞. 而in spite of和despite是介詞.
（1）. although和though是從屬連詞, though更為常用, 而although則更為正式一些. although和though引導(dǎo)的句子既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后面. 兩者在句中經(jīng)�？梢曰Q.
例如:
Although (though) he is a little child, he knows a lot.
[注意]although和though引導(dǎo)的句子不能與but和however連用.
例如:
（誤）Although he is rich, but he is not happy.
（正）Although he is rich, he is not happy.
（2）. though引導(dǎo)的從句還可以用倒裝語序, 即把句子中的表語, 狀語提前放到句首. 而as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句則必須把句子中的表語, 狀語提前放到句首. 兩者可以互換.
例如:
Tired though （as） he was, he was still working hard.
[注意]如果表語是單數(shù)名詞, 提到句首時(shí)需要去掉冠詞a..
例如:
Child though (as) he is, he knows a lot of knowledge.
（3）. in spite of和despite是介詞, 后面接名詞或代詞.
例如:
He keeps working in spite of (despite) his illness.
他不顧有病, 堅(jiān)持工作.
In spite of (Despite) all this discomforts, the Curies worked on.
居里夫婦不顧一切困難, 繼續(xù)工作著.
4．不同的 “表達(dá)”: illustrate, suggest, express
1．illustrate(以實(shí)物、例子、圖解)說明，例證，闡明。
例如：
The book was illustrated with color photographs.
這本書配上了彩色照片。
Explain and illustrate the main use of the present perfect tense.
解釋并舉例說明現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
2．suggest暗示，間接表明。
例如:
That girl’s sun- burned face suggests excellent health.
那個(gè)姑娘被太陽曬黑了的臉表明她身體非常健康。
3．express (用語言、外表、動(dòng)作)表達(dá)，明顯地表示。
例如：
He can express himself in good clear English now after four years’ hard learning.
經(jīng)過四年的艱苦學(xué)習(xí)，現(xiàn)在他能用清楚流暢的英語表達(dá)自己的意思了。
A smile expressed her joy at the news.
微笑表達(dá)了她對(duì)這個(gè)消息的喜悅心情。
三、重點(diǎn)句型
1．Besides, no matter how well translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost. 另外, 不管翻譯得多好, 也會(huì)丟掉原著中的某些精神.
no matter后接疑問代詞或疑問副詞, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句, 意為 “不管……; 無論……”. 如:
If that idea was wrong, the project is bound to fail, no matter how good all the other ideas might be.
2．Usually remembered for other work than their poetry are eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson. 不是因?yàn)樵?shī), 而是因其他杰作讓人不能忘懷的還有18世紀(jì)的蒲柏和約翰遜等.
為了強(qiáng)調(diào), 此句的語序顛倒了. 正常的語序是:Eighteenth century poets such as Pope and Johnson are usually remembered for other work than their poetry.
be remembered for “因……被人懷念, 紀(jì)念或尊敬”
Mr. Smith will be remembered for his generosity to the poor.
比一比
be remembered as
than此處意為 “除……之外; 除……以外”, 常放在other, otherwise, else等詞后.
如:
I have no other friends than you.
other than [常用與否定句]除了: 除……之外
You can’t get to the island other than by boat.
3．Viewed from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel and it looks just like a bird’s nest made of tree branches. 從上面看, 這座體育館像是被一個(gè)灰色的鋼筋網(wǎng)蓋住了, 它看上去就像一個(gè)用樹枝壘起來的鳥巢.
Viewed from the top是過去分詞作條件或時(shí)間狀語, 相當(dāng)于If it is viewed from the top. 如:
Used economically, one tin will last for at least six weeks.
it looks as if是常用句型, 意為 “看起來像……”. As if從句中常用虛擬語氣, 但如果放在look, seem, taste, smell等動(dòng)詞后時(shí), 卻常用陳述語氣.
如:
The milk smells as if it is sour.
四、語法復(fù)習(xí)
過去分詞作復(fù)合賓語
在英語中，有些動(dòng)詞只帶一個(gè)賓語，句子意思還很不完整，須另帶一部分說明賓語的情況或狀態(tài)，我們就把這一部分叫做賓語補(bǔ)足語，或復(fù)合賓語。
如：
In the morning people work up and found the world outside their houses completely changed.
Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.
There famous parks in and around London had over 1,400 trees blown down.
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)小結(jié)：
1．后接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的詞：
（1）表感知的動(dòng)詞：see, watch, find, observe, notice, hear, feel, taste, smell, etc.
如：
I heard the song sung in the next room.
He found himself inspired by Japanese seashells
（2）表使役的動(dòng)詞：have, make, get etc.
如：
Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
We should work harder to get the work done on time.
（3）表想法、愿望的動(dòng)詞: want, should, like, would like, etc.
如：
They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.
I’d like Lucy invested, too.
（4）表某種狀態(tài)的詞：keep, leave, etc.
如：
When you were out, you should keep the lights turned off.
It is had manners if he left the door broken after he broke it.
2．過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與其他非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：
（1）及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示被動(dòng)，說明賓語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者；而不定式,-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),表主動(dòng),說明賓語是補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
如：
We have our classroom cleaned every day. （classroom和clean之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系）
The teacher will have Lucy clean the classroom today. （Lucy 和clean 之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系）
（2）不及物動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表動(dòng)作完成，說明分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前；不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，一般表示不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生，但動(dòng)詞 see, watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,smell,taste
后的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)（不定式的 to 省略），表示不定式的全過程；而-ing 形式作賓補(bǔ)是、表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生。
如：
When I got home, I found the necklace gone.（“丟”這一動(dòng)作已完成）
I heard Jim sing the song.（我聽見唱的全過程）
When I got there, I saw Mary reading an English novel.（“讀”這一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）
過去分詞作狀語
過去分詞從表意的角度看可以用作狀語，表時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
1．表時(shí)間
Viewed from a distance, the island looks like a cloud. (=When it was viewed from a distance, …)
Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. (=Once his work was published,…)
2．表原因
Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the company
3．表?xiàng)l件
Given more time, the slow learners would have done better.
Seen from the top, it looks as if stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
4．表方式或伴隨
He walked up and down, lost in thought.
Surrounded by a host of fans, the movie star left the airport excited.
除了直接修飾動(dòng)詞之外，過去分詞或短語也可以和連詞組成短語，表示以上四種意思：
1．由 when, while, whenever, until等連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“時(shí)間”。
如：
When (he is) asked about the secret of his success, he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
Lucy seldom speaks in class until (she is) spoken to.
2．由where, wherever連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“地點(diǎn)”。
如：
Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever (they are) needed.
3．由if, unless引導(dǎo)，表示“條件”。
如：
If (they are) kept for too long, some medicine will lose their effectiveness.
Unless (it is) changed, the law will make life difficult for farmers.
4．由though, although, even though 連詞引導(dǎo)，表示“讓步”。
如：
Although (it was) built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.
Even though (we are) defeated for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory,
此外，過去分詞還可以和介詞with, without連用，具有副詞的作用。
如：
Without anything left in the kitchen, they decided to eat outside.
最后，過去分詞有時(shí)可以有其獨(dú)立的主語，二者構(gòu)成一種分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
如：
All our savings gone, we started to look for jobs.
This done, we went home.
【考點(diǎn)透視 考例精析】
[考例1] Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we could have lost our way.
A．it B．that C．this D．which
[點(diǎn)撥] 選D。本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。解此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷前后兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間是主從關(guān)系還是并列關(guān)系。
[考例2] Sometimes you may ________ giving up something, but you needn’t worry about it. You must have confidence in yourself.
A．want to B．would like to C．feel like D．decide to
[答案] C
[解析] 本題的選項(xiàng)A, B, C都可以表示“想要干什么”。但 want to 后面要接do sth.，即動(dòng)詞原形；would like to 后面也要接動(dòng)詞原形；只有feel like后才可以接 doing。D項(xiàng)的decide to后也接動(dòng)詞原形，表示“決定干…”。
[考點(diǎn)] 考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語的用法。
[考例3] There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A．followed B．following
C．to be followed D．being followed
[答案] B
[解析] 本句主要考查動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與過去分詞短語作定語的用法。由于聲音在閃電后，也就是說聲跟隨著光，意思應(yīng)為主動(dòng)的，所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作noise的定語。
[拓展] 表示主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)的問題是區(qū)分動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過去分詞的一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。一定要注意此點(diǎn)。
再如：
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.
The students came into the classroom, following their teacher.
以上兩個(gè)句子的基本意思是相同的，要注意他們中的“跟隨”關(guān)系以及-ing形式與過去分詞的用法區(qū)別。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
一、根據(jù)所給首字母或括號(hào)中的漢語意思填寫句子空格中所缺的單詞。
1．In my ______ (看法), she is not able to take care of the child.
2．A ______(化學(xué)的) change takes place in paper when it burns.
3．The whole city was ______(毀壞) in the earthquake.
4．How beautiful the music ______(聽起來)!
5．The fish have very sharp teeth; they can eat a person in two minutes,
______ (留下) only the bones.
6． ometimes people cook the corn ______ (整個(gè)) over an open fire.
7．As a ______ (結(jié)果), there will be a great many jobs for the workers.
8．The ship has best ______ (裝備) for keeping the fish fresh.
9．We had a ______ (特別的) passenger, a dog, on the bus that day.
10．No one could tell us anything about the ______ (神秘的). Stranger.
二.、單項(xiàng)填空
1．he room is so small that it can’t contain so ______.
A． many furnitures B． much furniture
C．few furnitures D．little furniture
2．I bought this dress ______for $35; it used to be $85.
A．for sale B．on sale C．a(chǎn)t sale D．in sale
3．Almost nobody can stand ______fun of before a crowd of people.
A．to be made B． to make C．being made D．making
4．There are two new hotels near here ______construction.
A．under the B．under C． within the D．within
5． ______ what I think, what would you like to do?
A．Setting aside B．Setting out
C．Setting about D．Setting off
6．She missed the plane, ______driving very fast to the airport.
A．despite B．unless C．though D．without
7．I wouldn’t feel happy ______ in s block of apartments. I’d rather ______in a traditional house.
A．living; to live B． living; live C．to live; to live D．to live; living
8．Plenty of fresh air contributes ______good health.
A．in B．for C．to D．with
9．The road sign is easy to read; the words ______well.
A．make out B．stand out C． work out D．turn out
10．Do I have to stop to ______the new words I come across while I am reading a book?
A．look at B．look for C．look up D．look into
【能力拓展】
閱讀理解:
Chinese internet search engine Baidu has attracted investment from Google, its US counterpart, as that company looks for opportunities in China. The move, which was announced last week, has underlined international interest in the fast-growing Chinese market.
According to US reports, Google put US $10 million into the deal. Baidu said this will help them upgrade technology and build a brand profile.
Baidu founder and CEO Robin Li says he and his partner Eric Xu are Baidu’s biggest shareholders.
The biggest benefit for Baidu from the Google deal will be the boost for an offering on the NASDAQ stock market in the US.
China has more than 80 million internet users and growing access to broadband in urban areas and internet cafes in remoter towns.
Baidu is one of the most promising of the Chinese providers. The company began making a profit last year, with 80 per cent of its revenue coming from paid listings. That’s where a customer pays to have a name and web link appear at the top of a word search’s results list.
Local research shows that Baidu accounts for 48 percent of searches by Chinese Internet users. Google is second with under 30 percent.
However, Baidu is facing mounting challenges.
The performance of Sina, Sohu and Netease on the NASDAQ has brought results, Search engines are being seen by some as a future gold mine, following online advertising and mobile messages.
In the face of all these, Li says he believes that Baidu’s Chinese language search engine focus will be its biggest advantage.
1．As for Baidu, the most important result of the Google deal is that __________
A．It can help Baidu upgrade technology
B．It can help Baidu build a brand profile.
C．It can bring international interest in Baidu.
D．It can bring Baidu on the NASDAQ stock market.
2．What’s Baidu’s biggest advantage according to Robin Li?
A．Its Chinese language search engine focus.
B．It has more users than Google
C．It began making profit last year.
D．Google put $10 million into the deal.
3．What kind of company pay Baidu?
A．Companies that want to have online advertising.
B．Companies that want to search information on the internet.
C．Companies that want a name and web link appear at the top of a word search’s result list.
D．Companies that want to sell their product online.
4．From the passage, we can infer _________
A．Baidu is facing many challenges.
B．Baidu has no advantage at present.
C．Google will take the place of Baidu in the future.
D．Some people regard search engines as something very valuable.
參考答案
高二部分
Units 3-4 (B2)
基礎(chǔ)演練
一、1. opinion 2. chemical 3.destroyed 4.sounds 5.leaving 6.whole
6. result 8.equipment 9.special 10. secret
二、 1. B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C
能力拓展
1-5 DACD
1．D ABC三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都屬于Google這筆交易給Baidu帶來的結(jié)果，文章的第一段最 后一句及第二段都提到了，但是題目問的是最重要的結(jié)果，根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容The biggest benefit for Baidu from the Google deal will be the boost for an offering on the NASDAQ stock market in the US.可以看出，選項(xiàng)D才是正確答案。
2．A 文章最后一段提到Li says he believes that Baidu’s Chinese language search engine focus will be its biggest advantage.可以看出，Baidu的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)是它的中文搜索引擎。
3．C 文章第六段提到with 80 per cent of its revenue coming from paid listings. That’s where a customer pays to have a name and web link appear at the top of a word search’s results list.可以得知Baidu 80%的收入來自那些想要在世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索結(jié)果中排在最前面的那些消費(fèi)者。
4．D 這是一道推理判斷題。A不能選，因?yàn)槲恼碌箶?shù)第三段已經(jīng)明確提到Baidu is facing mounting challenges.。文章明確提到的內(nèi)容不能作為推理判斷題的答案。而BC兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)文章沒有提到，無從推理。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到Search engines are being seen by some as a future gold mine，搜索引擎被一些人看作是將來的金礦，可以推斷出正確答案是D，搜索引擎被一些人認(rèn)為是非常值錢的東西。