【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)
1．由come構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)：
come about出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生
come across偶然遇到或找到
come along進(jìn)展
come around/round恢復(fù)；還原
come at達(dá)到；得到
come back反駁；回來；恢復(fù)
come by經(jīng)過；取得
come down失去財(cái)富或地位；下來；倒塌
come in到達(dá)；進(jìn)來
come off離開；舉行；實(shí)現(xiàn)
come upon偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)或遇到
come through經(jīng)歷；傳出
come up走近；發(fā)生
come over過來；抓住
come to達(dá)到；繼承
come out發(fā)行或發(fā)表；結(jié)束；結(jié)果；出來
come on快點(diǎn)；趕快
2．與think相關(guān)的短語(yǔ):
come to think of it細(xì)想一下
think a lot of喜歡;尊敬
think aloud自言自語(yǔ)
think and think細(xì)想
think away想開了;想得忘了
think back to回憶起
think twice再三考慮, 躊躇
think for認(rèn)為;預(yù)料
think over仔細(xì)考慮
think to oneself盤算, 自思自忖
First think, then speak. (諺)先思而后言
Think about/ of思考, 考慮; 回顧, 想起; 想到(某人, 某事)
Think better of改變看法; (對(duì)某人)有較高的評(píng)價(jià)
Think highly (much/ no end/ well) of…評(píng)價(jià)及高; 重視, 尊重; 器重, 抗得起
Think little/ nothing of輕視, 滿不在乎; 對(duì)……毫不考慮. 毫不躊躇
Think one is it自以為了不起, 自高自大
Think (sth.) out/ through仔細(xì)考慮; 想出; 設(shè)計(jì)出
Thank today and speak tomorrow. (諺)熟思而后言
Think up想出, 想起; 捏造, 虛構(gòu); 設(shè)計(jì)出, 發(fā)明
3．由look構(gòu)成的常用斷語(yǔ)
look at看; 注視
look for找,尋找
look to注意; 指望
look into調(diào)查
look after照料
look down on輕視, 看不起
look forward to盼望;期待
look in順便看望; 短暫訪問
look out注意
look over翻閱, 瀏覽
look up好轉(zhuǎn); 仰望; 拜訪
look down upon輕視; 輕蔑
look up to仰望; 尊敬
look back (與on, to連用)回想, 記憶
look on(常與as連用)旁觀; 看作
二、詞義辨析
1．too much與 much too大不相同
too much: 中心詞在much, 意為 “太多,過分”, 在句中作定語(yǔ),修辭不可數(shù)名詞,也可用作狀語(yǔ), 修辭動(dòng)詞, 還可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等.
例如:
Sorry that I’ve put you too much trouble.
很抱歉給你添了太多麻煩.
He drank too much at the dinner party.
餐會(huì)上他喝的太多了.
It really is too much of your father to bring guests home to dinner without letting me know in advance.
你父親實(shí)在太過分了,事先不告訴我一聲就帶客人到家里來吃飯.
Too much has been talked about the topic.
關(guān)于這個(gè)話題已經(jīng)談過太多了.
much too: 中心詞在too, 意思是 “極其,非�！�, 修辭形容詞或副詞,表示程度.
例如:
The problem is much too difficult for me.
這道題對(duì)我來說太難了.
His condition is much too bad, and needs a further examination.
他的身體狀況非常糟糕, 需要作進(jìn)一步檢查.
2．辨析：though, although, even though, as though
although 和 though：“雖然，盡管”的意思。都可用作連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，兩者可互換。
例如：
They are generous although/ though they are poor.
他們盡管窮，卻十分慷慨。
though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)和as一樣，表語(yǔ)可以提前；此外，though 還可以用作副詞。
例如：
Hardworking though/as he was, there was never enough money to pay the bills.
他雖然工作很辛苦，但卻一直是入不敷出。
It’s a hard work; I enjoy it, though.
這是件苦差，不過我倒很樂意干。（though 用作副詞）。
even though：和even if同義， “盡管，即使,縱然”，用作連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)氣比though, although更強(qiáng)。
例如：
She won’t leave the television set, even though/ even if her husband is waiting for his supper.
即使她丈夫等著她吃晚飯，她也不愿意離開電視機(jī)。
as though：和as if 同義，“好像，仿佛”，用作連詞，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句。
例如：
He sounds as though/ as if he’s got s sore throat.
他的聲音聽起來好像是喉嚨痛。
He opened his lips as though/ as if he would say something.
他張開嘴，好像要說什么。
三、重點(diǎn)句型
1．Now that we are developing new technology at such a high pace, the true challenge is to find new ways of using it. 既然我們正高速地發(fā)展新技術(shù), 真正的挑戰(zhàn)在于尋找新的使用途徑.
now that是固定短語(yǔ), 意為 “既然; 由于”, 引出原因狀語(yǔ)從句, that可省略.
如:
Now (that) he is well again, he can go on with his English study.
2．Maybe it is time for the rest of society to accept me as I am and get used to the fact that while I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do. 或許到了社會(huì)上的其他人承認(rèn)我的時(shí)候了, 到了他們接受這樣一事實(shí)的時(shí)候: 雖然我不會(huì)走路, 但仍有很多事情我可以做.
accept…as…“承認(rèn)……是, 同意……是, 認(rèn)可……是”. 如
We have to accept things as they are.
while此處意為 “雖然; 盡管”. 如:
While he has many friends, Peter is often lonely.
3．If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that don’t provide a complete answer, we may get stuck, 如果我們只找正確答案, 拒絕那些不能給我們完整答案的想法, 我們就可能被困住.
get stuck是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 意為 “被困住; 被卡住”. 如
I got stuck in a heavy traffic jam.
四、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)
復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句
1．關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句.
as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, as在從句中可做主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ).
如:
The people as you describe are thought to be fools.
As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)和which的區(qū)別:
（1）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首,句中,句末; which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句的后面.
（2）as經(jīng)常和be, 和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)連用; which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
（3）as多用于這些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中:as anybody can see; as is well-known; as we had expected; as often happens; as it is; as has been said before; as is mentioned above; as is often the case. / which
2．代詞/數(shù)詞/名詞+of whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.
如:
I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.
或:I have many friends, of whom some are businessmen.
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
或:Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, whose price was very reasonable.
The Chinese team won 16 gold medals in Barcelona Olympic Games, 12 of which were won by women.
或:The Chinese team won 16 gold medals in Barcelona Olympic Games, of which 12 were won by women.
3．time當(dāng)先行詞: 若作為 “時(shí)間”講, 關(guān)系代詞用that或省略; 作為”一段時(shí)期”講, 用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句. 如:
There was a time when I hated to go to school.
It’s time that we went to school.
4．定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致.
如:
He is the only one of the students who is often praised by the teacher.
He is one of the students who are often praised by the teacher.
5．對(duì)于一些既可以作主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 又可以作狀語(yǔ)的先行詞, 我們?cè)谶x擇關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞時(shí), 可以使用 “代入法”, 把先行詞代入到定語(yǔ)從句中, 看它所作的成分, 如果能作的是主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 那么我們就用關(guān)系代詞, 如果它作的是狀語(yǔ), 那么我們用關(guān)系副詞.
This is the reason why he had a few days off.
This is the reason that或which或不填 he told me.
I’ll never forget the days that或which或不填
We spent together.
I’ll never forget the days when we worked together.
This is the place that或which或不填 we visited
last year.
This is the place we where worked last year.
6．注意way后接定語(yǔ)從句的情況
當(dāng)先行詞是, way意為 “方式” “方法”時(shí), 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有三種情況: that; in which和省略.
如:
The man was puzzled by the familiar way that/in which/省略 the waiter and I chatted with each other.
【考點(diǎn)透視 考例精析】
[考點(diǎn)] 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 且有可能繼續(xù)下去。
[考例1] Now that she is out of job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A．had considered B．has been considered
C．considered D．is going to consider
[點(diǎn)撥] 選B。根據(jù)所提供的情景but she hasn’t decided yet，說明Lucy 還在考慮這件事，也就是說consider這個(gè)動(dòng)作過去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且仍然在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。這里要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
[考點(diǎn)] “must have +-ed” 表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)作出的肯定判斷或推測(cè)，翻譯成“（過去）一定．．．”。
[考例2] -- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
-- Oh, dear! She ________ a lot of difficulties!
A． may go through B． might go through
C．ought to have gone through D．must have gone through
[點(diǎn)撥] 選D。根據(jù)上文stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years，說明下面一句是對(duì)過去發(fā)生動(dòng)作的肯定的推測(cè)。意思是：“她一定經(jīng)受了不少困難�！�
[考例3] -- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
-- Something ________ to him.
A．must happen B． should have happened
C． could have happened D．must have happened
[點(diǎn)撥] 選D�！癟om從來不遲到，但現(xiàn)在每來”。所以這里要用must have done 對(duì)過去的情況作出肯定的推測(cè)。should have done 表示“過去本應(yīng)該做．．．（而事實(shí)上沒做）”；could have done 表示“過去本能/可以做．．．（而沒做）”，含有責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣。
[考例4] This cake is very sweet. You ________ a lot of sugar in it.
A． should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
[點(diǎn)撥] 選D。句義是：“餅很甜，肯定放多了糖”。表示對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)或判斷。
[考點(diǎn)] cut 構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)。cut up切碎； cut down 砍倒；cut out 切斷； cut in 插嘴，打斷。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
一、根據(jù)所給首字母或括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)意思填寫句子空格中所缺的單詞。
1．He is wearing a sad ______ (面部) expression.
2．The boy is very ______ (好奇) about everything and always asking strange questions.
3．The prisoner _________ (企圖) an escape but failed.
4．You should go now, o______ you’ll miss the bus.
5．He _______ (拒絕) my offer of help.
6．His father has a s______ of humour.
7．What does the word m_______ in the context?
8．We should not judge a peoson just by his a________. I think his quality is more important.
9．Children are not p______ to swim here; it’s too dangerous.
10．You must pay attention to your p______ a and intonation when you read the text.
二、單項(xiàng)填空
1．It is quite obvious ______we must apply other methods of setting the problem.
A．whether B．what C．how D．that
2．The boy is not very smart, so ______often takes him quite a while to do what he is told to.
A． there B．that C．they D．it
3．Today there are more opportunities for disabled people to make ______contribution to ______society.
A． a; the B．a(chǎn); 不填 C．不填; the D．the; a
4．He promised to send me an invitation to visit their country ______until I was 60 years old.
A． each two years B． each other year
C．every other year D． every second years
5．We can’t finish the work in such a short time; you must ______our lack of experience.
A．a(chǎn)llow to B．a(chǎn)llow for C. allow of D．a(chǎn)llow into
6．I felt very disappointed when my repeated request that I join the club was ______.
A．replaced B．resisted C．rejected D．removed
7．He is quite ______of the risk, but he has no choice but to go ahead.
A．eager B．a(chǎn)ware C．sensitive D．serious
8．The man tried to break into the shop during the night, but got ______in the chimney.
A．stuck B．to be stuck C．sticking D．to stick
9． The criminal ______from the two policemen who were holding him and ran away.
A．broke off B．broke away C．broke up D．broke down
10． ______that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.
A． For B．Despite C．Since D．Now
【能力拓展】
In America, seldom do you go anywhere without hearing a principle called WIN-WIN. It sounds strange to me at first because throughout my childhood, I have always been taught to try everything possible to win an upper-hand, rather than to help other people win. However, as time goes by, I have gradually comprehended the essence（真諦）of WIN-WIN principle─it is the attitude of seeking mutual benefit.
When I was little, I used to play Chinese checkers（跳棋）which include two basic tactics（戰(zhàn)術(shù)）: One is to create paths for yourself; the other is to block the passages of your rival. Players may apply these two totally different approaches in the game, but the key for the player to win is to continuously create paths for him even if his opponent may take advantage of it. Finally he can always reach the destination（目的地）a few steps ahead of the other player. Meanwhile, some player may take another approach to prevent his opponent from moving forward at all costs. By this he may get a short-term benefit, but couldn’t fix attention on the final goal, thus he would never truly develop further.
In the 1990s, a strategy called WIN-WIN became widespread in the western world. Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. One example of applying the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in US. Most Americans advocate（提倡）the spirit of social service and voluntary contribution. In US, schools and children organizations usually encourage and support kids to be engaged in community service so that the voluntary spirit can be enrooted in their minds from childhood. Moreover, a crucial（決定性的）standard for universities to judge new students is whether they have worked for the community or not.
In China, it is quite usual that some people are too selfish and never take other people’s interests into consideration, while someone who really has courage to do something for the public is often called “foolish” or “stupid”. Actually helping other people can be of great delights for the helper, for he can also learn something crucial for his life such as sympathy, care, devotion, etc. So only if you take other people’s interests into earnest consideration can you assure your own gain.
1．The purpose of the author in writing the passage is __________.
A．to tell us the cultural differences between China and USA.
B． to tell us the different educational systems both in US and China.
C． to tell us the importance and meaning of WIN-WIN.
D．to show that WIN-WIN is popular in US and China.
2． Which of the following can be the best example of carrying out the Win-Win principles?
A． Volunteers B．Chinese C．Service workers D．Children
3．What is the author’s attitude towards Win-Win?
A．criticism B．encouragement C．disagreement D．doubt
4．Which of the following statements in NOT true for WIN-WIN principle?
A．to take others’ interests seriously
B．to learn something useful for our life
C．to gain mutual benefit
D．to try to get some benefits from others
5．The underlined words “at all costs” in the second paragraph means “_______” in Chinese.
A．代價(jià)高 B．不惜任何代價(jià) C．完全失敗 D．以全部費(fèi)用
參考答案
高二部分
Units 17-18 (B2)
基礎(chǔ)演練
一、1．facial 2．curious 3．a(chǎn)ttempted 4．otherwise/or 5．rejected 6．sense 7．mean 8．a(chǎn)ppearance 9．permitted 10．pronunciation
二、1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
能力拓展
1-5 CABDB
1． C 主旨題。文章主要講雙贏的意義和重要性。
2． A 文章第三段 “Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. One example of applying the WIN-WIN principle is the voluntary system in US.” 解釋了WIN-WIN原則, 并舉例說明了這一原則的應(yīng)用。
3． B 推理題.根據(jù)全文可推測(cè)作者的態(tài)度。答案: B。
4． D 了解雙贏的原則：Its core is to achieve your objective while giving other people some benefits, so there is no real loser. (其核心是達(dá)到自己目標(biāo)的同時(shí)給別人以利益) 我們可判斷 D 項(xiàng)不符合WIN-WIN原則。
5． B 猜詞義。 at all costs 的意思是 “不惜任何代價(jià)”。