Unit 1 Friendship
教學目的和要求
（Teaching aims and demands）
類別 課程標準要求掌握的項目
話
題 Friends and friendship; interpersonal relationships
詞
匯 add point upset ignore calm concern loose cheat reason list share feeling Netherlands German series outdoors crazy nature purpose dare thunder entirely power according trust indoors suffer teenager advice questionnaire quiz situation editor communicate habit
add up calm down have got to be concerned about walk the dog go through hide away
set down a series of on purpose in order to face to face according to get along with
fall in love join in
功
能 1．態(tài)度（Attitudes）
Are you afraid that ...?
I've grown so crazy about ....
I didn't dare ....
2．同意和不同意（Agreement & disagreement）
I agree．I think so．Exactly．
I don't agree．I don't think so．I'm afraid not．
3．肯定程度（Certainty）
That's correct．Of course not．
語
法 直接引語和間接引語（I）：陳述句和疑問句
1．陳述句
“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne．
→ Anne said that she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary．
2．一般疑問句
He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?”
→ He asked us whether we were leaving that night．
3．特殊疑問句
“When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Anne．
→ Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before．
INTRODUCTION
This unit looks at different kinds of friendship．Of course, the unit explores friendship between people but it gives particular attention to the friendship one can develop with oneself．In other words, it shows how a person can find comfort and support with an imaginary friend．In these readings from The Diary of Anne Frank, students will see how a lonely and frightened teenager copes with a very unusually stressful situation．She does this by confiding in Kitty, the name for her diary．She examines her problems and tries to find a way to deal with them．
PERSONS
Mr Frank Anne's father who once worked in a trade office
Mrs Frank Anne's mother who stayed at home to look after the family
Margot Anne's older sister who was very intelligent, studious, and quiet
Peter Son of another family who lived with the Franks in the attic
BACKGROUND
This is a true story．It took place in Amsterdam, Holland in the early 1940s after the German Nazis had occupied most of Europe．The Nazi Party ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945．One of their key policies was to kill all the Jews in Europe．If any persons known to be Jews were found, they would be sent to concentration camps farther east, mostly in Poland．Families were separated and transported in trains．For many days, they went without food, water, sanitation or fresh air．To avoid this terrible fate, some Jewish families went into hiding, often with the help of non-Jewish friends．This is what Anne's family did when Margot was told she must go to the railway station to be taken to a camp．Another Jewish family joined them in their hiding place in the attic of a house．It was very crowded there．Only three young people were there: Margot, Peter and, of course, Anne．Her diary shows that Anne felt she was the naughty one of the group since she was always being scolded．She felt she could not confide in Margot because her sister was always good．And she felt she could not confide in Peter because he was a boy．So she made a friend of her diary．Later, however, she did become closer to Peter and they took a liking to one another．Anne talks about their growing friendship in her diary．
______________________________________
SPECIAL NOTE: Many older houses in Amsterdam have more than one floor．The topmost floor is called an“attic”which is usually a place to store seldom-used things．Amsterdam is the capital of Holland, now more commonly called the Netherlands．The city lies near the sea and has many narrow man-made canals．The house where Anne's family hid was by a canal and bridge．Like most old houses in the city, it had two apartments on each floor: one set facing the canal and the other looking onto a garden．Anne's apartment faced the garden．Anne and her family hid there for over two years before they were discovered．They were taken to concentration camps in Poland where all of them died except Mr Frank．The house is now a museum for Anne．The primary school she attended in Amsterdam is now named after her．Every year she is remembered in a traveling exhibition that explains her life。
Period 1
Procedures
Step1.Words and expressions
詞匯的學習主要是要掌握其詞義、詞的搭配和用法，要真正掌握詞義和詞的用法，必須通過有情景的課文教學，并結(jié)合聽、說、讀、寫等語言實踐才能達到。課本中的生詞和習慣用法都以黑體字出現(xiàn)在課文中。但在上課前要求同學們做好預習，熟悉單詞的音、形、義，聽其音知其形，見其形知其音，觀其形知其義。要了解詞的詞性、按拼讀規(guī)則拼讀單詞、按構詞法知識判斷和記憶派生詞及合成詞的詞義和詞類。要善于對比、聯(lián)想、發(fā)現(xiàn)單詞的構詞方法以及多詞義、多詞性的特點，用比較和歸類的方法學習和記憶單詞。
1、按詞性對單詞進行歸類：
n.
vt/n.
vt/vi.
vt.
vi.
adj.
adv.
短語：
派生詞：
合成詞：
2、按音節(jié)對單詞進行分類：
單音節(jié)：
雙音節(jié)：
多音節(jié)：
3、拼讀較難的詞：
4、拼寫較難的詞：
5、詞義較難的詞：
Step2. Warming up
To "Warm up" means to do a bit of preparation for a large learning task．This section of this unit begins with a survey．A survey is a way of finding out what people think and feel about a particular subject．This survey examines whether the students are good friends．In doing so, you should consider what qualities and behaviour make a good friend．
1. Warming up by assessing
A lot of people have only few possibilities of getting feedback about their own personality. In this exercise you will have the opportunity to get some feedback and to discuss it with a partner. While comparing your mutual judgements, certain prejudices or misunderstandings may appear, as people often do not know each other thoroughly enough to judge others correctly. Try to be honest!
Self assessment
Of the following characteristics choose 5 that are particularly applicable to you personally.
sociable, honest, friendly, easygoing, nervous, open-minded, anxious, careful, talented, talkative, nosy, thoughtful, generous, carefree, pessimistic, peaceful, optimistic, interesting, reliable, helpful, active, careless, caring, exact, adventurous, imaginative, hot-blooded, well-organised, trustworthy, patient, responsible, outgoing, kind, brave, warm-hearted, selfless, tolerant
Partner assessment
Now choose 5 characteristic features which you think are especially applicable to your partner.
sociable, honest, friendly, easygoing, nervous, open-minded, anxious, careful, talented, talkative, nosy, thoughtful, generous, carefree, pessimistic, peaceful, optimistic, interesting, reliable, helpful, active, careless, caring, exact, adventurous, imaginative, hot-blooded, well-organised, trustworthy, patient, responsible, outgoing, kind, brave, warm-hearted, selfless, tolerant
2. Warming up by describing
Have the students get into groups of four to describe their own ideal friend. Individual students must decide on TOP 5 character adjectives that could be used to describe the ideal friend and insist they have good reasons for their choice. Then let the group leader give the class a description of their ideal friend.
3. Further applying
You may also have the students do the survey in the textbook, following the steps below.
1. Get the students to make a list of three qualities a good friend should have.
2. Have the students get into groups of four to find out what each has listed.
3. Have a member of each group report on what their lists have in common and list them on the board.
4. Ask the class whether or not they agree with all the qualities listed.
5. Then have the students do the survey in the textbook.
6. Have the students score their survey according to the scoring sheet on page 8.
7. The teacher ask some students how many points they got for the survey and assess their values of friendship:
Explanation of each item:
Question 1
This question deals with how thoughtful you are towards others．How much do you value your friend? Is it enough to help him / her? Would you change the time of the day you go to the cinema to fit in with him / her? The scoring reflects your concern for others．So one point for A gets the lowest score because it is the most selfish response．B gets the highest score because it shows a concern for your friend as well as your wish to go to see a film．C gets a slightly lower score because although it shows you want to go with your friend （because you change the plan）, you do not help your friend．
Question 2
This question is concerned with fairness．Is it fair for your friend to borrow something, break it and return it broken? A gets the lowest score because you are not giving your friend another chance to behave better this time．B gets a higher score because you let your friend borrow the camera again．This shows kindness and forgiveness for the trouble you had when it was returned broken．But you are not balancing his needs against your own．That is why C gets the highest score．You are showing your friend that you will trust him / her with the camera again but this time you are giving him / her rules in case it gets broken．
Question 3
This question deals with your concern for others．Should you make the troubles of your friend more important than your own responsibilities? A gets the lowest score because you would put anything else that needed to be done aside and concentrate only on your friend．This is not responsible．You have things that you need to do．Of course your friend is important but not more important than your responsibilities．B gets a higher score because it shows some concern for your friend and some understanding that you have important things to do too．But it does not show any real interest in his / her problem．C gets the highest score because it not only shows concern for your friend but a recognition that you have responsibilities too．
Question 4
This question is concerned with responsibilities to a friend．If you are asked to look after something and it is broken or harmed, what should you do? A provides the correct amount of responsibility to your friend．You recognize that it was your fault and will put it right and pay for the damage．So it gets the highest score．B provides some understanding that you are responsible．You put the situation right but you do not pay for the damage yourself．So it does not get the highest score．C gets the lowest score because you expect your friend to pay for your mistakes even though you were doing your friend a favour．
Question 5
This question is concerned with honesty．If you let your friend look at your paper or somebody else's paper, you are helping them to cheat．That is not honest, so answers A and C get no marks．But it takes courage to tell your friend that they should have studied and that they cannot look at your paper．That is also the honest answer．So you get 6 points for B, which is more than anyother in the quiz．
Results
★ 4~7 points: You are not a good friend. You either neglect your friend’s needs or just do what he/she wants you to do. You should think more about what a good friend needs to do.
★ 8~12 points: You are a good friend but you sometimes let your friendship become too important, or you fail to show enough concern for your friend’s needs and feelings. Try to strike a balance between your friend’s needs and your own responsibilities.
★ 13+ points: You are an excellent friend who recognizes that to be a good friend you need balance your needs and your friend’s. Well done.
(You may also show your students the results above and let themselves self-reflect upon their own values of friendship)
Step3. Pre-reading
To focus the Students’ attention on the main topic of the reading passage.
To activate their previous knowledge on the topic.
Step4. Talking and sharing
Work in groups of four. Tell your group mates how you reflect on these questions.
1. Why do you need friends? Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.
2. What do you think a good friend should be like? List what a good friend should do and share the list with your partners.
3. Does a friend always have to be a person? What else can be a friend?
4. Do you think a diary can become your friend? Why or why not?
Instructions: The teacher can give each group one of these questions above to talk about. Then let the class share their ideas. It’s better to stimulate the students to challenge their classmates’ opinions about these questions.
Possible answers
Q1: Reasons I need friends:
※ to cope with stressful situations in life
※ to share my worries and secrets in my inner world
※ to show my concern for other people
※ to let other people share my happiness
※ to unfold to other people the secrets in my heart (to name but few.)
Q2: A good friend should:
※ tell me the truth (honest)
※ be good to me (friendly)
※ be willing to consider or accept others’ ideas or opinions (open-minded)
※ be willing to help others (generous or helpful)
※ be good-tempered
※ think about what others need and try to help them (caring)
※ be loyal to their responsibility (responsible)
※ not easily upset (easy-going)
※ be out-going (like to meet and talk to new people)
※ be tolerant (allow other people to have different opinions or do something in a different way)
※ be selfless (to name but few)
Q3: What else can be a friend?
Answers can be various.
Q4: Students’ answers may vary but must include a reason.
Yes. I think it can be, because I can set down how I feel every day in my diary, and let other people read it to share my feelings some time later. Above all, it feels good to write down my thoughts and feeling on paper when I am sad or lonely.
Step5.language points
1. be good to：
Morning exercises are good to your health.
He has always been good to me.
be good at
be good for
do good to sb
2. survey vt. :
Have the house surveyed before you offer to buy it.
n. make a survey
3. add up： Add up these figures for me, please．
add v.1. put something with something else or with a group of other things:
Do you want to add your name to the list?
2. to put two or more numbers together in order to calculate the total:
Add 6 and 6 to make 12.
3. to increase the number:
The sales tax adds 15% to the price of clothes.
4. to say some more that is related to what has already been said:
That’s all I want to say. Is there anything you’d like to add.
add to： What he did has added to our difficulties．
add … to： Please add something to what I've said, John．
add up to：The cost added up to 100 million yuan．
You’d better your score and see if you have passed the exam.
4. point n. 1. small spot: The stars shone like tiny points of light in the sky.
2. sharp end: a knife with a very sharp point.
3. a unit used to show the score in a game or sport:
She lost three points for that fall.(in a skating match)
vt. : He pointed a toy gun at me.
point to
point at
be on the point of doing
there is no point in
to the point
5. until :He will wait here until the concert is over.
not … until: The meeting didn’t start until she came back .
6. plan n. We listened as he told us his plan for starting a football club.
vt. The government plans to build a bridge.
7.get sth done : We should get/have the house painted.
get sb to do :You should get your friends to help you.
have sb do :We’re going to have him go there with Tom.
get doing :Soon he got talking to another person who happened to be American too.
get to do :They got to know her two years ago.
8. upset adj.: worried; annoyed
She was still upset about the argument that she had had with Harry.
vt.: to make someone feel unhappy or worried:
His cheating in the exam upset his teacher．
9.ignore vt. 1. to behave as if you had not seen or heard someone or something(不理睬):
Either she didn’t see me wave or she deliberately ignored me.
2. to pay no attention to something that you have been told or that you know about(忽視): Some drivers simply ignore speed limits.
ignorance n. We are in complete ignorance of his plans.
10. calm 1. adj. quiet and without excitement, nervous activity or strong feelings:
（quiet/ still/ silent/）
Keep calm, and try not to panic
. 2. vt.& vi. to make someone or something quiet after strong emotion or nervous activity:
Charlie tried to calm the frightened children.
calm down: vt &vi. to become quiet or make someone quiet after strong emotion or nervous activity: Calm down and tell me what happened.
11.have to / have got to
Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school.
We’ve got to go strait-way.
have got/have:
Have you got any fruit? No, I haven’t got any fruit.
12.concern: 1. n. worry: something that worries you or a feeling of worry:
There is growing concern about/over the effects of pollution on health.
The rise in unemployment is of great concern to the government.
2.vt. to make someone feel worried or upset:
The fact that she spends so much money on her own really concerns me.
More and more people are concerning themselves with/about environmental problems.
be concerned about/for/with:
Ross has never been concerned about what other people think of him.
Rescuers are concerned for the safety of those trapped in the mine.
This story is concerned with a Russian family in the 19th century.
13. meet vt./vi Will you meet her at the station?
The two roads meet just north of the city.
meet with I met with a friend in the train yesterday.
14.while walking the dog.
While crossing the street , be careful.
15.cheat vt/vi 1）to act in a dishonest way in order to win
Any student caught cheating will have to leave the classroom．
2）to take from （someone）in a dishonest way
They cheated the old woman （out）of her money by making her sign a document she didn't understand．
n. 1）an act of cheating
2）one who cheats
16.should /ought to have done:
She shouldn’t have taken away my dictionary , for I wanted to use it.
17 make a list of
You should make a list of things you must do.
list vt/n I listed the things I wanted to buy.
18. reason why:
The reason why he was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.
19.share vi & vt. 1.use equally:
The last bus had gone, so the three of us shared a taxi. I shared a room with him at college. 2. to have the same opinion, experience, feeling etc as someone else:
I share your concern about this problem.
3. to tell other people about an idea, secret, problem:
It’s always better to share your worries.
n. part of sth.:
I do my share of the housework.
Don’t worry---you’ll get your fair share.