Unit 2 English around the world
Step1.Warming up
I. How many dialects are there in China ?
dialects family in China
II.Do you think there are some dialects in English?
English dialects in different countries
Britain The U.S.A Canada Australia India New Zealand
Step2.Reading 1 page 13
1. Fast reading:
Read the text on page 13 for 1 minute and answer the following question.
Is there standard English?
2. Skimming:
Read quickly to find the topic sentence for each paragraph.
Para. 1: There is no such a thing as Standard English.
Para. 2: American English has many dialects whose words and expressions are different from “standard English”.
Para. 3: Geography plays a part in making dialects.
3.Detailed Reading
Read the text and answer the following question.
1.How many dialects of American English have been listed in the text?
2.Why do people from both Northeastern and Southeastern of U.S. speak with almost the same dialect? And what kind of dialect is it?
3.Why are there so many dialect in American English?
4. Language focus:
1) believe it or not: used when you are going to say something that is true but surprising: Believe it or not, John cheated in the exam.
2). there is no such a …as: used to say that a particular person or thing does not exist: These days there is no such a thing as a job for life.
3). standard English: the form of English that most people in Britain use, and that is not limited to one area or group of people
4). dialect: a variety of a language spoken only in one area, in which words, or grammar are slightly different from other forms of the same language
5). play a part/role in: be one of the causes that make something happen:
Besides dieting, exercising plays an important part in losing weight.
6).recognize: I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.
Step3Reading 2 . Reading Task on page 51
1. Read the passage on Page 51 & 52, then fill in the following form:
Notes on James Murray's life
Country born in Scotland
Education no formal education; taught himself while working
Job worked in a bank before beginning to compile the OED
Most important task compiling the first edition of the OED
Its difficulties:
1 worked in a shed in his garden and behind his house
2 very cold as it was one metre underground
3 no heating; he had to wear a coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm
4 no electric light; he worked at night with candles
Qualities needed:
1 commitment
2 perseverance
3 accuracy
Who worked on it at first just James Murray; later his two daughters; finished by other editors after his death
Date of completion 1928
Other information first edition took forty-four years to compile
2.Language focus:
1). In fact.
2).spend sometime in doing sth./ on sth.
(take ,cost , pay)
Tell me how much the new computer cost you.
Tell me how much you spend on the new computer.
Tell me how much you paid for the new computer.
Tell me how much it took you to buy the new computer.
3).journey. He is making a long journey.
4).teach oneself / enjoy oneself / help oneself to
5).have sth. done
I have my hair cut every month.
I had salary raised last week.
Yesterday our class had our windows cleaned.
*Project Page54
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NOTE: A film now available in VCD and DVD, entitled Windtalkers, shows what the Navajo Indian soldiers did in the war against Imperial Japan．It is highly recommended for viewing and discussion．
劇情簡介：Windtalkers(風語者)
在太平洋島嶼的一場浴血戰(zhàn)斗中，Joe Enders（尼古拉斯．凱奇）受了重傷，而被安置在位于珍珠港的醫(yī)院里治療休養(yǎng)。因為不能重新到戰(zhàn)場上沖鋒陷陣，Joe情緒低落、內心痛苦異常。Joe后來在醫(yī)院里認識了一位年青的護士，兩人墜入愛河。正當這份浪漫愛情快將開花結果時，一紙軍令將Joe調往第四海軍部。Joe的新使命就是要去保護Navajo話務員Ben Yazzie（阿當. 比治）。Joe還有一項秘密特權：一旦Ben落入日軍手中時，他就有權殺死他。在后來的行程中，Joe與Ben共同走過腥風血雨，兩人結下深厚的友誼，但軍人的使命又讓Joe陷入進退兩難之中……
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Answer key for Exercise 1:
1 A code is useful for people to communicate secrets．It was used in the Second World War when the Germans and the Americans tried to send messages to their soldiers．
2 It can help you to organize your army better so that everybody in the army knows what is happening．You can send your plans to your army using a code．
3 If your enemy break your code, they will know what your plans are．This will help them prepare in the fight against you．It can make you lose a war．
Using Words and Expressions page49
Answer key for Exercise 1:
1 include 2 government 3 dialect
4 northwestern 5 rapidly 6 eastern
7 actually 8 education 9 recognize
10 role 11 standard 12 usage
13 elevator
Answer key for Exercise 2:
1 played an important part2 blocks
3 expects4 such as
5 culture6 vocabulary
7 Modern8 native
Answer key for Exercise 3:
1 He went abroad and worked for half a year, but came back before he finished his work because of his illness．
2 They have made a request for international help．
3 With a polite smile, Victoria went into the house and shut the door．
4 Tim likes to give commands, but none of us will listen to him．
5 Betty said she'd come up to our house this morning, but just now she phoned us to say that she couldn't come because her child had had an accident and she had to take him to the hospital．
Using Structures Page 50
Exercise 1:
Students give their own answers．
Suggested answers to Exercise 2:
1 （C）Go and light the fire at once．
2 （R）Could you go and get the shopping bags, please?
3 （R）Could you close the door, please?
4 （C）Bring my coat here!
5 （R）Could you return my book today?
FURTHER READING
HOW ENGLISH IS SPOKEN
As you are well aware, not all of your students are motivated to learn English．One way to motivate reluctant learners is to give them some ownership over the learning process．This is, of course, achieved through student-centered activities but also through reading passages that take the reader into consideration．The following reading passage, therefore, is intended to let your students know that they, too, are "players in the drama" of how English is spoken．
Who decides how English is spoken around the world? Do teachers in the colleges and schools? What about those who write dictionaries or books, do they decide what is good and what is bad English? Or do governments decide when a language will change? Probably you have thought about this question once or twice before．The answer is that none of these people decide how English will be spoken．Believe it or not, many of the biggest changes in how English is spoken have come from common people in the streets．And one of the most important places where English has changed is on the playground!
These playgrounds can be any place where young people meet, such as a sports field or a beach．For example, black kids invented many new words in American English as they played basketball or music．Often words used by black kids in the big cities become popular with other kids many years later．Another popular sport, baseball, has also given many words and expressions to American English．On the beaches of southern California, teenagers invented words to describe how they felt when they surfed．These words found their way into the high schools and then to other places．Similar changes in English happened among young people in Ireland and Australia．Children from one group would find ways to play with children of another group more easily．Often they made new words just to develop an identity different from their parents．