1. We’ll be travelling by camel, with local guides, camping in tents and sleeping on the ground in our big, thick sleeping bags. 我們要和當?shù)氐膶в我恢弊橊劼眯?在帳篷中野營,睡在我們又大又厚的睡袋里.
(1) by camel
by 此處表方法,手段, 原因, “以……” “借助于………”
by + 不帶冠詞的工具名詞
by train/ air/ plane/ bus
I go to school by bus and by train, but my father goes to the office by car.
我乘公共汽車和火車上學,但我爸爸開車上班.
by doing
You can make the cake by mixing eggs and flour.
把雞蛋和面粉混合, 你就可以做出那種蛋糕.
He caught a cold by playing football in the train.
他因在雨中踢足球而感冒了.
(2) camping in tents and sleeping on the ground 是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作伴隨狀語,說明travel 過程中的一些伴隨動作.
The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.
那男孩坐在農(nóng)舍削樹枝.
They went to the cinema, jumping and singing.
他們又跳又唱著去看電影.
2. I will bring a torch with me so that I will be able to see in the dark.
我將帶一個手電筒,以便我在黑暗中照明.
（1）bring sth. with sb. 隨身攜帶某物
（2）so that 引導目的狀語從句
The teacher raised his voice so that all the students could hear him clearly.
老師提高了聲音以便所有的學生都聽的清楚.
[聯(lián)想]
so……..that………引導結(jié)果狀語從句, “如此……以至于………” so 之后常接形容詞, 副詞, 表示結(jié)果.
He got up so late in the morning that he missed the meeting.
他早上起床太晚.所以誤了會議.
such……that…..也用語引導結(jié)果狀語從句, 但such 之后的中心詞是名詞, 其結(jié)構(gòu)如下
He got such a (great)surprise that she dropped the cup.
他大吃一驚, 失手把杯子掉在地上.
3. your raft gets turned upside down or sinks.橡皮筏傾翻或者沉入水中。
Don’t hold the box upside down..
不要把那盒子倒著拿。
You have hung that picture upside down.
你把那幅畫掛顛倒了。
[知識拓展]
1） turn…upside down 把…弄得亂七八遭；給（某人生活）造成大的變化（混亂）
His sudden death turned her world upside down.
他的去世使她的生活完全亂套了。
The policemen turned the whole house upside down.
警察為查找線索，把整座房子翻得亂七八糟。
2） inside out 翻過來地，反了地
you are wearing your coat inside out.
你的上衣反穿著。
4．we will live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cow’s blood.我們會與當?shù)鼐用褚黄鹕�，住在他們的村莊，和他們吃一樣的飲食，包括飲牛血。
whatever 表示“任何的事物 無論什么，無論什么樣的”
1） 引導主語從句和賓語從句時，相當于 anything that
You can take whatever you like.
你可以帶走任何你喜歡的東西。
I can’t believe whatever you say.
無論你說什么，我都不相信。
whatever he said wasn’t true.
無論他說的什么，都不是真的。
2） 引導狀語從句，whatever相當于 no matter what.
Whatever problem you have, you can always come to me for help.
無論你有什么樣的困難，都可以向我來求助。
Whatever reason you have, you should keep your promise.
無論你有什么理由，你都應(yīng)當遵守諾言。
Don’t change your plans, whatever happens.
無論怎樣，別改變計劃。
Whatever weather it is , we will go.
不管天氣怎么樣，我們還是要去。
[聯(lián)想]whenever, whichever, whoever 都有類似的用法。
[注意] no matter +疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句， 意為“不管 無論……..”而疑問詞+ever 既可以引導讓步狀語從句，也可用來引導主語從句或賓語從句。
5．I really want to see an elephant up close.我真的想近距離的看看大象。
close 和closely 的區(qū)別
close 即可以作形容詞，又可作副詞，作副詞用時常與to 連用，表示實際距離近。
I live close to the shops.
我住的離商店很近。
He came close to the house to see it clearly.
為了看得清楚，他走近了房子。
closely 用作副詞表示抽象意義的“嚴密地 仔細地 密切地 緊密地”
He watched the birds closely.
他密切地注視著這些鳥。
The two things are closely connected.
這兩件事是緊密地聯(lián)系在一起的。
6．clothing/ clothes /cloth /dress
1）clothing 是衣服，服裝的總稱，是集合名詞，只有單數(shù)形式。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
food and clothing 衣食
a piece of clothing 一件衣服
2）clothes 統(tǒng)指各種衣服，包括外套，西裝，襯衣，褲子，裙，鞋，帽等，不指單件衣服。它既不能用作單數(shù)，也不能和表示具體數(shù)目的數(shù)詞連用。做主語時，謂語用復數(shù)形式。
He had to buy many clothes.他只好買很多衣服。
These clothes are new.這些衣服都是新的。
3)cloth 指做衣服用的材料（布料，毛料，絲綢等）是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，沒有復數(shù)形式。
a piece of cloth 一塊布料（不能說a cloth）
How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?
給這個孩子做件上衣要多少布？
3） dress 指外面穿著的衣服，有修飾的意味。尤指婦女的連衣裙及某種特殊場合穿著的服裝（禮服），這時dress是可數(shù)名詞。
He looks pretty in her pink summer dress.她穿著那件粉紅色的夏季連衣裙顯得很漂亮。
He doesn’t care much about dress.他不大講究衣著。
[提示]
cloth 指“具體用途的布”時，是可數(shù)名詞。
a table cloth 一塊桌布
練習
B 1. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the ___________ of little children.
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
C 2. -----How did you learn to speak English so well?
------- By practicing speaking _______ I had a chance.
A. whatever B. however C. whenever D. whoever
A 3. How I ______ him the pleasures he had during the vacation!
A. envy B. admire C. appreciate D. enjoy
A 4. It is said that more food _____ to the poor countries by the developed countries soon.
A. will be supplied B. will supply
C. will give D. has given
C 5. ______ of apples______ rotted away because of the bad weather.
A. large quantities; has B. large amounts; have
C. A large quantity; has D. A large amount; has
A 6. I didn’t notice the ______ look _______her face.
A. astonished; on B. astonishing; on
C. astonished; in D. astonishing; in
B 7.Roses need special care _______ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
B 8. So difficult ______ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
C 9.Food here is cheaper than in Britain;_______ , on the other hand, is dearer.
A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dress
D 10. ___________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
A 11. Betty stood _______ on her teacher and watched ________ what he was doing.
A. close closely B. close close C. closely close D. closely closely
A 12.It was after he got what he had desired _____ he realized it was not so important.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
B 13. It was suggested that the sports meeting ______ put off because of the fine weather.
A. will not be B. not be C. would not be D. mustn’t be
A 14. The smile on his face suggested that he _____ satisfied with the work.
A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be
B 15. ___________ she did was right.
A. No matter what B. Whatever C. No matter D. What ever
A 16. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
C 17. The old man ___________ World War Ⅱ,so he has a lot of __________ to tell us.
A. got through ; experience B. went through; experience
C. experienced; experiences D. passed; experiences
A 18. ------ Now that you like the car so much, why not drive it back?
----- Well, how could I afford ______ car?
A. that expensive a B. that an expensive
C. such expensive a D. a such expensive
C 19. How long is it ___________ he went for further study in the US?
A. that B. when C. since D. before
A 20. ------- What made Suan so angry?
-----___________ in the rain for a long time.
A. being kept waiting B. Being kept to wait
C. Because of waiting D. She was kept waiting