牛津M8 unit 4 Reading 學(xué)案及詳細答案
1.Joining us in the studio are----。倒裝句
當(dāng)句子主語太長時，為保持句子平衡，使用倒裝將主語放在句子的后半部分。
Nearby was the house in which they had lived for more than 20 years.
附近就是他們住了20多年的那幢房子。
On the stage are the girls competing in the beauty contest.
臺上是正在參加選美比賽的女孩們。
Gone are the days when people waited in a queue to make a long-distance call.
人們排隊等著打長途電話的日子一去不復(fù)返了。
2.view-----as-----把―――看作，把―――視為
We view the holiday as a time for recreation,but she has a different idea.
我們都認為假期是休閑放松的時間，但她有不同的見解。
3. finance Vt 給―――提供資助，負擔(dān)―――的經(jīng)費
n. 財政，金融
financial adj. 財政的，金融的
Our filrm`s finances are not sound. 我們公司的財政狀況不是很好。
It`s necessary for the government to finance the students who have no
money to go to school.政府有必要向沒錢上學(xué)的學(xué)生提供資助
1) To our surprise the Minister of _________ is not an expert in _______.
A.Finance;financial B.finance;finance
C.Finance;finance D.Financier;finance
2) I have some _______ troubles.
A.financial B.finance C.financed D.financing
4.amateur adj. 業(yè)余的，非職業(yè)的
n. 業(yè)余從事者，愛好者
be an amateur of是―――的愛好者
an amateur astronomer 業(yè)余天文學(xué)家
1).Generally speaking,both amateur actors and actress are amateur _____ film.
A.of B.at C.in D.for
5.defence n. 保衛(wèi)，辯護，防衛(wèi)
in defence of sb＝＝in sb`s defence為―――辯護，保衛(wèi)
I must say in her defense that she works very hard.
我必須為她說句話，她工作十分努力。
1).He wrote a letter to the manager _____ her.
A.in defence for B.for the defence of
C.in defence of D.as a defence for
6.distinguish Vt/Vi 區(qū)別，區(qū)分，使與眾不同
區(qū)分―――和―――常與between---and連用
辨別―――與―――常與from連用（多指同類事物中的辨別）
1).You should be able to distinguish between right and wrong.
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2).有色盲的人常分不清紅綠。
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7.boycott Vt抵制，排斥 n.聯(lián)合抵制，聯(lián)合拒絕購買
They launched a boycott on imports.他們發(fā)起了聯(lián)合抵制進口貨的行動。
1).It`s impossible for the students in our school to boycott class.
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2).我們不應(yīng)該抵制這樣的會議。
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8.hatch Vt 策劃，籌劃。孵，孵出
How many chickens have hatched out?
They have hatched a plan to celebrate their mother`s 70th birthday.
他們已策劃出一項慶祝母親70大壽的計劃。
1).Don`t count your chickens before they are hatched.
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2).我們舉辦電影節(jié)的想法早在1928年就已策劃。
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9.resemble Vt 相似，類似。常接介詞in表示在某方面相似
不用進行時態(tài)且無被動語態(tài)
n. resemblance 相似
The plant resembles grass in appearance。這種植物的外形像草
So many hotels resemble each other.
1)。他酷似他父親。
2).you have a strong resemblance ____ your father,but you resemble
your mother neither ____ character nor ____ appearance.
A.to in in B.in to to C.in in in D.between in in
10.favour Vt 偏愛，偏袒 n. 恩惠，好意，幫助
Adj. favourable 贊成的
n. favourite
A mother mustn`t favour one of her children more than the others.
母親不應(yīng)該特別偏愛某一個孩子
In favour of 支持，贊成
Do sb a favour＝＝do a favour for sb幫助某人
Be in favour with sb 得到―――厚愛
Lose favour with sb 失寵于某人
11. in the minority 占少數(shù) In the majority占多數(shù)
1).While the army takes both men and women，women are in the minority.
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12.a spokesman for--- ―――的發(fā)言人
13. reward Vt/n 獎，獎勵，回報，報酬
reward sb with sth for sth
in reward for 作為―――的報酬
He was rewarded with a prize for his excellent work.
他因工作突出而獲獎
1).His labours were rewarded ____ good fruit.
A.for B.by C.with D.to
2).He gave me a medal ___ for my service.
A.in reward B.to reward C.on reward D.with reward
14.restriction n. 限制，約束 restrict V
restriction on――― restrict to doing sth
1). He restricts himself _____ 2 cigars a day.
A.to smoke B.smoke C.to smoking D.smoking
2). There`s no restriction _____ foreign films in America.
A.on B.against C.of D.Both A and B
15.rarely adv.很少，罕見地
rare adj 稀有的，罕見的，稀疏的 （否定詞）
1).Rarely ____ I dream these days.
A.do B./ C.did D.does
2).She rarely stays up late,______?
16.admission n. 準許進入，準許加入，承認
admit admitting admitted
承認，供認 admit doing/ sb to do
接納，招收
讓―――進入，允許―――進入
1).Admission is limited to the invited guests.
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2).他獲準加入俱樂部。
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語法：強調(diào)
強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是用特定的方法使句子中的某個部分突出出來，以達到強化這個部分的目的。在英語中，強調(diào)的方法有很多，包括運用語言、語調(diào)、單詞、短語以及語法等手段。常見的強調(diào)形式：
1． 增加單詞來強調(diào)
此類單詞有：so,such,just,right,very,pretty,single,really,indeed以及反身代詞等。如：
I have never seen such a lazy person in my whole life.（這么）
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
Fortunately,he was just in time for the first train in the morning.（剛好）
It’s unbelievable that the woman herself could lift so heavy a box.（自己一個人）
This is the very English dictionary that I have been looking for.（就是，正是）
The manager was right in the office when I arrived at the company by metro (地鐵)。（正好）
2． 增加短語來強調(diào)
常用的短語有：on earth,in the world,by no means(位于句首需用倒裝）,not…at all等。如：
“What on earth are you doing now?” asked the policeman.（究竟，到底）
Though we are good friends,I don’t agree with you at all this time.（根本不）
I have to point out that this job can by no means be accomplished overnight.（決不）
3． 用助動詞do,does,did來強調(diào)
可以用來強調(diào)肯定陳述句或祈使句的動詞。如：
Do come early tomorrow morning,or you will be fined.（務(wù)必，一定）
The new exchange student does hope to go to the evening party with us.（確實）
My mother did sing well in the past because she used to be a teacher.（的確，確實）
4. 將“地點”提前加以強調(diào)
On the table were some flowers. 桌上擺了一些花。
5．用強調(diào)句來強調(diào)
強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是It + be +被強調(diào)部分+that (who/whom)+原句剩余部分。被強調(diào)部分可以是簡單句中除謂語以外的其它成分，也可以是主從復(fù)合句中的從句。如：
It was our we that/who saved my little younger sister.（強調(diào)主語）
It was him that/whom they saw stealing yesterday in the supermarket.（強調(diào)賓語）
It is by sending e-mail that they keep in touch with each other.（強調(diào)狀語）
It was only when I reread this poem recently that I began to appreciate its beauty.（強調(diào)從句）
注意：
（1） 強調(diào)句形中的it沒有實際意義，由于it處在主語位置，即使被強調(diào)的主語是復(fù)數(shù)，動詞只用單數(shù)。強調(diào)主語時用主格。如：
It was Tom and Mike that /who helped us out.
It is we who/that have passed the driving test.
（2） 強調(diào)句的一般疑問句就是直接把動詞置于句首；特殊疑問句就是把被強調(diào)的特殊疑問詞置于句首。如：
Is it next week that we will hold another football match ?
Who was it that taught you English ten years ago ?
How was it that you managed to deal with such difficult problems ?
（3） 強調(diào)not …until…結(jié)構(gòu)時，not要放在until之前。即：It is/was not until…that….如：It was not until all fish died that people realized how serious pollution was.
It was not until midnight that they came back.
not…until…還可以這樣強調(diào)：
Not until all fish died did people realize how serious pollution was.
Not until midnight did they come back.
（4） 在強調(diào)時間、地點、原因或方式狀語時，一律用that，而不用when,where,why或how等；特別要注意不能同定語從句等相混淆。如：
Was it during World War II that he lost his devoted son. ?
It was for this reason that the naughty boy got severely punished.
區(qū)別強調(diào)句型和定語從句的方法是：若將和去掉而句中不缺成分，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說明原句是強調(diào)句；若結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，則說明原句為定語從句。試比較:
It was on October 5,1999 that the new city was founded.(強調(diào)句）
那個新城市確實是于1999年10月5日成立的。
It was October 5,1999 when their first son was born.(定語從句)
他們第一個兒子的出生時間是1999年10月5日。
（5） 強調(diào)句與其它的交融使用
It was the village where I was brought up that I visited yesterday.
昨天我們參觀的是我在那長大的村子。（與定語從句結(jié)合）
I can’t remember how many years ago it was that I entered the factory.
我記不清到底是多少年前進廠的了。（與賓語從句的結(jié)合）
When I asked him when it was that he took my dictionary,he made no answer.
我問他究竟何時拿了我的字典，他沒吱聲。（與狀語從句的結(jié)合）
【考考你】
一、 單項填空
1.It was only when I recovered from being ill _____I began to realize how important health is to a person.
A.until B.that C.then D.so
2.It was ____ 1920 _____regular radio broadcast began.
A.until;that B.not until;when C.until;when D.not until;that
3.Was _____that I saw at the concert last night ?
A.it you B.not you C.you D.yourself
4.It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.
A.that B.until C.since D.before
5.It was with great joy _____ he received the news _____his lost daughter had been found.
A.because;that B.that ;why C.which;which D.that;that
6.My teacher asked me _____ Daniel got injured in the leg.
A.how was it that B.how it was that
C.how it was which D.how was it which
7.It was not until she had arrived home _____ her appointment with the doctor.
A.did she remember B.that she remembered
C.when she remembered D.had she remembered
8.It was on the farm _____ my father used to work _____ I was born.
A.that;that B.where;where C.where;that D.that;where
9._____ that she was still weak in English ?
A.Why it was B.Why was it C.It was why D.Was it why
10._____ that electricity plays such an important part in our daily life?
A.What is it B.What does it C.Why does it D.Why is it
11._____she is not so healthy _____she used to be ?
A.Why it is that;as C.Is it why that;that
C.Why is it that;as D.Why is it that;that
12.---Mary !______and visit us some day.
--All right .
A.Do come B.Do comes C.Does come D.Did come
13.It was _____computer games that the boy took a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played
14.---Is it my age _______the boss minds.
--I’m afraid not.He will consider _____necessary to have an experienced assistant.
A.which;it B.that;it C.which;that D.that;that
15.Such a naughty boy _____ that nobody likes him.
A.he is B.he was C.is he D.was he
二、 單句改錯(每個句子有一處錯誤，找出并改正)
1． It was in this small village where she was born.
2． It were Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.
3． It was September 9,1990 that the little girl was born.
4． It was for this reason why Edward quitted his job in the famous company.
5． He do work very tired after finishing the complex task by himself.
6． By no means I will give up learning English.
7． You did helped me in time of difficulty.
8． Do more careful next time if you want to get a better mark in the exam.
9． It is Mr Green who often help others when they are in trouble.
10. It is him that is to blame for the mistake.
三、 完成句子
1. It is _________________(很有趣的一部電影)that I want to see it again.
2. It ____________________(直到他告訴我)that I knew the truth.
3. He________________(確實出席) the meeting the day before yesterday.
4. __________________(到底多少次)that you go to see your parents every month?
5. __________________(是在二戰(zhàn)期間)that he died.
6. It was ___________________(就是昨晚九點)he went to the park.
7. It was twelve o’clock at midnight _____________________________(他們到達
一個小村莊).
8. It was ___________________（他最好的衣服)that John wore to the dance last night.
9. He _____________________（真的很喜歡)the new bicycle his father gave him
as a present.
10. _________________________________________(正是從20世紀90年代初)scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agriculture production
without harming the environment.
四、 改寫句子（強調(diào)每句中劃線部分）
1. Bill made a kite at school yesterday.
______________________________________.
2. He did’t go to work because his mother was ill.
_____________________________________________.
3. Did the Second World War break out in 1939 ?
_____________________________________________.
4. I painted the door white.
____________________________.
5. I didn’t recognize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
_____________________________________________________________________.
6. I remembered your birthday yesterday,though I wasn’t able to buy a present for you.
_____________________________________________________________________.
7. Mr Wang likes reading newspapers while having breakfast.
_________________________________________________________.
8. How did the accident happen ?
__________________________________.
9. What do you want me to say ?
__________________________________.
10. Where did he buy that bike ?
__________________________________.
11. In the Bronze Age people could make tools of copper and bronze.
__________________________________________________________.
12. Thousands of people were killed in an earthquake in this city.
__________________________________________________________.
13. we didn’t finish the homework until evening came near.
__________________________________________________________.
14. Mr Tang teaches us maths very well.
__________________________________________________________.
15. A boy lay on the ground,looking at the stars in the sky.（提至句首）
__________________________________________________________.
Grammar～Project
1. have an appointment to do sth.有做……的約定
I have an appointment to see the doctor.
have/make an appointment with sb.與某人有約
by appointment依約,經(jīng)預(yù)先約定的
appoint vt.決定;任命
appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事
appoint sb. (to be/as)任命某人為……
appointed adj. 指定的
練練吧!
①The teacher me to call the police.
A. appointed B.approach C.appreciated D.approved
②We appointed him .
A. as chairman B.to be chairman C.chairman D.all the above
③the doctor sees patients only .
A. on appointment B.by appointment C.in appointment
D.at appointment
2.in time 及時,終有一天,遲早
I wish you would come in time.
on time 準時
The train arrived on time.
練練吧!
If you work hard and are brave enough to face challenges,you will succeed .
A. on time B.in time C.at the same time D.at one time
3.make an agreement達成共識,簽訂協(xié)議
We have made an agreement on fishery with America.
We made an agreement to help the poor.
under the/an agreement 根據(jù)協(xié)議
break an agreement 打破協(xié)議
reach/come to/arrive at an agreement 達成協(xié)議
be in agreement with 同意某人所說的
be in agreement on/upon/about sth.對某事意見一致
練練吧!
At last we an agreement we should start at once.
A. made,that B.come to,that C reach,which D.arrived at,on which
4.satisfaction [u.] 滿意,滿足,(愿望、需求等)實現(xiàn)
[c.] 令人滿意的事
She got great satisfaction from helping people.
What we should do is to meet the satisfaction of public demand.
It is a great satisfaction to know she is well again.
satisfy vt.令人滿意
satisfied adj.滿意的
satisfying adj. 令人滿意的
satisfactory adj.令人滿意的
to one’s satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb.使某人滿意的是……
be satisfied with …對……滿意
be satisfied of… 確信……
小試牛刀:
①I’m not with your work.You must improve it.
A. satisfactory B.satisfying C.satisfied D.a satisfaction
② Your success gave me .
A.a great satisfaction B.satisfy C.satisfactory D.great satisfaction
5.sensitive 敏感的
The eyes are sensitive to light.
be sensitive to 對…敏感
翻譯句子:
他對冷非常敏感.
6.suspect
① vt.猜疑,懷疑|s`spekt|
I suspect that he gave us the false information.
suspect sb. of (doing) sth.懷疑某人做過某事
suspect sb. to be…懷疑某人是……
suspect that…懷疑/猜……
②n.嫌疑犯 |`sΛspekt|
Two suspects were arrested today in connection with the roberry.
③adj.可疑的 |`sΛspekt|
His statements are suspect.
翻譯句子:
湯姆懷疑瑪麗拿了他的錢.
我懷疑他是個小偷.
7.contrary to prep.和……相反
He is very nice,contrary to what people say about him.
on the contrary 正相反
牛刀小試:
-I am sure you like your new job.
- ,it’s dull.
A.On the contrary B.Sure C.Indeed D.Sorry
8.possess vt.擁有,持有
He possesses three cars.
possessor n.所有人
possession n.擁有
be in possession of…(某人)擁有……
be in the possession of… (某物)為(某人)所有
選擇:
The books are in my possession.This sentence has the same meaning as .
A.I am in possession of the books.
B.I am in the possession of the books.
C.The books are in the possession of me.
D.Both A and C.
9.tendency n.傾向,趨向
a tendency to alcoholism 酗酒的傾向
tendency to 趨向……
tendency to do sth.做……的趨向
tend vi傾向于
tend to do sth.傾向于做某事
選擇:
The sort of music he listens to ,but tends pop music.
A. vary,to B.varies,to C.various,toward D.various,to
10.give thought to 考慮,思考
I have given enough thought to the matter.
be lost in thought 陷入沉思
without thought 不假思索
have thought of…有……的打算
thought for…對……的體諒/關(guān)懷
thoughtful adj.細心的,體貼的
①I’ll give to your suggestion that we a party in honor of the experienced professor.
A. much thought,hold B.many thoughts,should hold
C.much thought,will hold D.some thought,can
② in thought,he didn’t notice the teacher come in,standing by him.
A. Losing B.Lose C.Loses D.Lost
③I have no thought annoying you.
A. for B.on C.of D.in
11.boredom n.厭倦,乏味,無聊
They yawned with boredom during the long speech.
bore vt.使……厭煩
bored adj.厭煩的
boring adj.令人厭煩的
be bored with…對……厭煩
bore sb.with sth./by doing sth.以……令人厭煩
練一練:
①He always bores her the same story.
A. with B.by telling C.at D.both A and B
②We are with the film.
A. bored,bored B.boring,boring C.bored,boring D.boring,bored
單詞拼寫:
1. Some people still believe in _________ (魔法).
2. He is a ________ (代表) of a country.
3. What is your v___________ on school punishment.
4. People who work in banks know about _________ (金融).
5. Traffic in the city was ________ (阻斷) by a snowstorm.
6. It is the p_________ of the government to improve education.
7. Can you ________ ( 區(qū)分) the different musical instruments playing now?
8. They are _________ (聯(lián)合抵制) the shop.
9. Those who can ________ (預(yù)見) difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.
10. When will the eggs h______ ?
11. There must be _______ (公平的) play whatever the competition is .
12. Your actions _________ (同…矛盾)your principles.
13. He looked ________ (向后) to see who was following him.
14. The workers got a Christmas ________ (額外津貼).
15. The music film is Mrs Wilson’s _______ (作品) in the competition..
16. He _________ (很少)comes here anymore.
17. Why did you leave these ________ (衣服) on the floor.
18. The earth’s _________ (影子)sometimes falls on the moon.
19. ___________準許進入) by ticket only.
20. How can I _________ (報答) your kindness.
21. I like Shakespeare’s _____________ (喜劇)
22. I find all the c________ in his new play very real.
23. We go for a walks in the fields o_______.
24. The old man told of an e________ story.
25. We’ve got three cats --------two f_______ and a male.
26. Stop living in a f________ world
27. He’s very s______ about his weight
28. C______ to popular belief,many cats dislike milk.
29. A police car polluted up a_____ us.
30. Your name had been d_____ from this list.
短語
1. 看待… 16. 達成共識
2. 業(yè)余導(dǎo)演 17. 考慮，思考
3. 為…辯護 18. 正相反
4. 不管，不顧 19. 懷疑某人做…
5. 區(qū)分…和… 20. 擔(dān)任，管理
6. 只要，如果 21. 使某人滿意的是
7. 達到我們的標(biāo)準 22. 弘揚高質(zhì)量的電影
8. 接管 23. 與其說…倒不如說
9. 幻想，夢想 24. 國際電影節(jié)
10. 對…敏感 25. 每周一次的節(jié)目
11. 和…相反 26. 參加做…事情
12. 讓你覺得眩暈 27. 聽說，聽到
13. 獲勝 28. 退步
14. 占少數(shù) 29. 享有好的聲譽
15. 入場券 30. …的亮點
完成句子
1． 別人反對他的意見時，他很容易生氣。
He ___ ___ get angry easily when people ___ his ideas.
2.我小時候做夢都不敢想擁有這么大的房子。
I had never ___ ____ ____ such a large house when I was a child.
3.只要你答應(yīng)好好愛護它，我會把書借給你的。
I will ___ my book ___ you ___ ___ ____ you promise to take good care of it.
4.他們達成了一個協(xié)議，決定不將秘密透漏給其他人。
They ____ _____ ____ that no one should tell the secret to others.
5.那對雙胞胎兄弟看上去太像了，我實在無法把他們分辨開來。
The twin brothers look so similar that I really can’t ____ ____ them.
6. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生罷課是不可能。
It is ____ for the students in our school ___ ____.
7.我們舉辦電影節(jié)的想法早在1978就已籌劃。
The idea for our film festival was ___ ____ in 1978.
8.他獲準加入俱樂部。
He _____ _____ to the club.
9.她不顧她的反對而出去了。
She went out ____ ___ her _____.
10.我是代表其他成員提出要求的。
My demand is ____ _____ that of the other members.
Answers：
reading
3. CA 4.A 5C 6.你應(yīng)該會區(qū)分好壞
People who are color-blind often can`t distinguish red from green.
7.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生罷課是不可能的。
We shouldn`t boycott such a meeting.
8.雞未孵出之前，先別數(shù)有幾只小雞（無過早樂觀）
The idea for our film festival was hatched back in 1978.
9.He strongly resembles his father. A
11.雖然部隊男女兵都招收，但女兵只占少數(shù)
13,C A 14.C D !5.C does she
16.入場僅限于應(yīng)邀來賓
He gained admission to the club.
強調(diào)：
一、單項填空
1-----5BDADD 6-----10BBCBD 11----15CABBC
二、單句改錯
1．where---that 2.were---was 3.that---when /was后加on 4。why---that
5. do---did 6.I will----will I 7.helped---help 8.Do后加be
9． help---helps 10.him---he
三、完成句子
1.such an interestingfilm 2.was not until he told me
3.did attend 4.How many times is it
5.Was it during the Second World War 6.at nine o’clock yesterday that
7.when they arrived at a small village 8.his best suit
9.does like
10. It was from the early 1990s that
四、改寫句子
1.It was Bill who/that made a kite at school yesterday.
2.It was because his mother was ill that he didn’t go to work.
3.Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out ?
4.It was white that I painted the door.
5.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star.
6.I did remember your birthday yesterday,though I wasn’t able to buy a present for you.
7.Mr Wang does like reading newspapers while having breakfast.
8.How was it that the accident happened ?
9.What is it that you want me to say ?
10.Where was it that he bought that bike ?
11.It was in the Bronze Age that people could make tools of copper and bronze.
12.It was in the city that thousands of people were killed in an earthquake.
13.It was not until the evening came near that we finished the housework.
Not until the evening came near did we finished the homework.
14.Mr Tang does teach us maths very well.
15.On the ground lay a boy,looking at the stars in the sky .
1. Grammar--- project A,D,B 2.B 3.A 4.C,D 5.He is very sensitive to the cold.
6.①Tom suspected Mary of taking his money./Tom suspected that Mary had taken his money. ②I suspect that he is a thief./I suspect him to be a thief. 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.A,D,C 11.D,C
單詞：
1. magic 2. representative 3. view 4.finance 5.interrupted 6. policy 7.distinguish
8. boycotting 9. foresee 10. hatch 11.fair 12.contradict 13. backwards 14. bonus
15.entry 16. rarely 17. garments 18. shadow 19. Admission 20. reward 21.comedy
22. characters 23.occasionally 24.entertaining 25. females26. fantasy 27.sensitive 28.Contrary
29.alongside 30.deleted
短語及句子
1．View as 2.amateur director 3.in defence of 4. regardless of
5.distinguish between… and… 6.as long as 7.meet our standards
8.take over 9.dream of 10.be sensitive to 11. contrary to
12. make you feel dizzy 13.win a victory 14.in the minority
15.admission ticket 16.make an agreement 17. give though to
18.on the contrary 19.suspect sb. of sth.
20.in charge of 21.to one’s satisfaction 22.salute the high-quality films
23.more…than… 24.international film events 25.weekly programme
26.join…in doing 27.hear about 28.take a step backwards
29.have a good reputation 30.the highlight of
完成句子
1．tends,to, oppose 2.dreamt of possessing 3.lend,to,as,long,as
4.made,an,agreement 5.distinguish,between 6.impossible,boycott class
7.hatched,back 8.gained admission 9.regardless,of,objection
10.is,representative,of