M9U1 Other countries, other cultures
Period Ⅰ. Word study
1. preference n 偏愛，優(yōu)先，優(yōu)先權(quán)
have a preference for 偏愛…
eg. Tom has a preference for Chinese novels. Tom 喜歡中國小說。
Prefer v (preferred, preferred: preferring)
a. prefer sth 喜歡
"Do you like French?""Yes, but I prefer English."
"你喜歡法語嗎?""喜歡,但是我更喜歡英語。"
注:prefer是"比較喜歡,更喜歡"的意思,即like better,因此就不能再與better, more等比較級(jí)詞語連用。
b. prefer to do sth.
They prefer to spend the rest of the morning wandering in the streets.
他們比較喜歡把早上剩下的時(shí)間都用來在街上閑逛。
c. prefer doing sth.
So you prefer speaking without referring to your notes?
這么說,你更喜歡不看稿子做報(bào)告了?
注: 這種prefer后面接動(dòng)名詞的結(jié)構(gòu),用來談?wù)撘话闱闆r下"更喜歡某種活動(dòng)",而在一個(gè)特定場合下表示"特別喜歡"時(shí),得用上述prefer后接動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
d . prefer sb. to do sth.
I prefer you to spare some time to come to our art exhibition next week.
我寧愿你們下星期抽出點(diǎn)時(shí)間來看看我們的美展。
e. prefer A to B 與B相比更喜歡A
He prefers English to Chinese. 比起語文他更喜歡英語。
f. prefer doing to doing
He prefers swimming to surfing. 同沖浪相比,他更喜歡游泳。
g. prefer to do sth rather than (to)do sth.表示“寧愿做……而不愿做……”
She prefers to stay at home rather than (to) go with us. 她寧愿呆在家里,也不愿和我們一起去。
h. prefer sth. (or sb.) + adj.
I prefer the door open. 我寧愿門開著。
I prefer my coffee black. 我愛喝不加奶的咖啡。
i. prefer that在that賓語從句中,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語氣"should+動(dòng)詞原形",其中的should可以省略。
We prefer that each new student take a science course. 我們希望每位新生修一門理科課程.
練習(xí)：
1. He said he would prefer _B___ others rather than ____ by others.
A to help; to help B to help; be helped
C helping; helped D helping; to be helped
2. The young lady prefer dressing up for a party __B__ by others.
A to being noticed B to be noticed
C rather than to be noticed D rather than be noticed
3. Though, life should be colorful, I prefer devoting all my energies to my studies _A____ more professional knowledge.
A to get B to getting C rather than get
D rather than to get
4. He preferred staying at home __C____ to the cinema.
A to watching TV to go B to watching TV to going
C to watch TV to going D to watch TV to go
2. occupy
(1) 意為“take up or fill (time, space, sb’s mind) ”占據(jù)，充滿（時(shí)間，空間，某人的頭腦等）
eg. His speech occupied only 3 minutes. 他的演講僅占用了三分鐘。
A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一張床占據(jù)了房間的一角。
(2) 意為 “take possession of and establish troops in ( a country, position, etc.)”
（軍事）占領(lǐng)（國家，陣地等）
eg. The army occupied the enemy’s capital. 軍隊(duì)占領(lǐng)了敵人的首都。
(3) 意為“l(fā)ive in or have possession of ( a house, land, etc.) ”占用，占有（房屋，土地等）
eg. The family has occupied the farm for many years. 這家人占用這個(gè)農(nóng)場已經(jīng)多年了。
They occupy the house next door. 他們住在隔壁。
(4) occupy oneself ( in doing sth. / with sth.)
eg. How does he occupy himself now that he is retired? 既然他退休了，他在忙些什么呢？
翻譯：他在忙于寫一本小說。
He was occupied with a novel / in writing a novel.
= He occupied himself with a novel / in writing a novel.
歸納：忙于……，專心于……
Occupy oneself in doing sth. / with sth.
= be occupied in doing sth. / with sth.
= be busy in doing sth. / with sth.
= be absorbed in doing sth.
Occupation (n.)
(1) Teaching is my occupation. 職業(yè)，專業(yè)
= I am a teacher by occupation.
(2) No one is yet in occupation of the house. 占有
Occupied (adj.) 在使用中，已占有，不空閑
試題回顧：
C (1)__________ reading history books, he even didn’t notice me coming.
A. Occupied with B. Occupying with C. Occupied in D. Occupying in
B (2) ________ himself ________ the project, he had no time to go back home.
A. Occupied; with B. Occupying; with C. Occupied; in D. Occupying; in
A (3) When I arrived I saw the place was already _________ by two strangers in uniforms.
A. occupied B. conquered C. possessed D. owned
3. devote奉獻(xiàn)（人生、時(shí)間、勞力等）于… ；致力于…
He devoted his life to promoting [the promotion of ] world peace.
他一生致力于促進(jìn)世界和平。
短語：devote oneself to (doing) sth/devote one’s whole self to (doing) sth致力于，獻(xiàn)身于
be devoted to (doing) sth 專心致志于；獻(xiàn)身于，忠于
After graduation, he continued to devote himself to research.
He was still devoted to the study of chemistry after he retired. 他退休后依然專心于化學(xué)的研究。
devotion
獻(xiàn)身;奉獻(xiàn)[U][(+to)]
We appreciated his devotion of time and money to the project.
我們感謝他為這一項(xiàng)目花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和金錢。
His devotion to science is well known. 他對(duì)科學(xué)的獻(xiàn)身精神為人熟知.
忠誠;摯愛,熱愛[U][(+to/for)]
devotion to music 熱愛音樂
用devote的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1. He devoted his life to promoting (promote) world peace.
2. Yesterday’s meeting was devoted entirely to questions of procedure.
3. At present the time devoted to the teaching to scientific English is two years.
4. There was never a person more devoted to the revolutionary cause than Tom.
5. Devoting too much time to eating (eat), she began to put on weight.
6. Devote the next several minutes to helping (help) the students memorize the dialogue, and all of them will keep it in mind.
7. Devoted to a simple life in the service of others, he won a widespread respect.
8. The devotion of too much time to sports leaves too little time for study.
鞏固練習(xí)：
1. Although the working mother is very busy, she still __A___ a lot of time to her children.
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides
2. We should look up __C___ him as a shining example of devotion ________ duty.
A. at, to B. at, of C. to, to D. to, of
3. His son, ___B___ he had been ________, was living abroad.
A. whom, loved B. to whom, devoted C. to who D. who, devoting
歸納含有介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語：
pay attention to 注意look forward to 期盼get down to 開始，著手做。。。
be addicted to 對(duì)。。。上癮be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于be/get used to 習(xí)慣于object to 反對(duì)。。。stick to 堅(jiān)持。。。lead to 通向，導(dǎo)致refer to 提及，談到adapt to 適用
4. content adj. 滿意的，滿足的 (作表語，不作定語)
be (well) content with 對(duì)（很）．．．滿意/滿足
eg. Are you content with your present salary ?
She is content with very little
be (well) content to do sth （很）愿意做某事
eg. I am content to remain where I am now.
I should be well content to (=quite pleased) to do so.
n. 滿意的狀態(tài)，滿足
live in peace and content 生活平靜滿足
to one’s heart’s content 心滿意足，盡情，盡歡
(復(fù))內(nèi)容, 容量
the contents of a book
table of contents 目錄
v. content v. 使某人滿意/滿足
content sb/oneself with….
eg. John contented himself with a glass of wine.
contented adj. 感到滿意的
with a contented look/ smile
單項(xiàng)選擇
A.1. As there’s no butter , we must _____ ourselves _____ dry bread.
A. content ; with B. satisfy ;to C . meet ; with D. be content ; with
C.2. We sat in silence , ______ to be together.
A. being content B. contenting C. content D. contented
5. unfit adj. 不相宜的，不合適的；不勝任的（+for sth. /to do sth.）
Phil is clearly unfit to hold a senior position. 菲爾顯然不能勝任高級(jí)職務(wù)。
這些房子不適宜居住。These houses are unfit to live in.
Fit
adj. 適合的,恰當(dāng)?shù)模ㄏ喈?dāng)于suitable）；健康的(相當(dāng)于healthy)
It is not fit for you to talk like that. 你那樣說很不得當(dāng)。
The food is not fit to eat. 這食物不適合吃。
He has been ill and is not fit for work yet. 他一直在生病,還不能工作.
【注意】sth. is fit to do 用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)
【短語歸納】be fit for 適合
be fit to do 適合做某事
keep fit 保持健康
v. 使適合
These shoes do not fit me. 這雙鞋我穿著不合適。
【辨析】 fit & suit & match
fit 指大小、尺寸形狀合適，引申為“吻合”，也可指資格、能力適合要求，含有稱職或勝任的意思
suit 指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位等，也指衣服的顏色、花樣、款式適合某人
match 和……相配，指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等的搭配
⑴ You should __A_____ your product ________ to the market, which is the correct way to earn money.
A. suit; to B. fit; to C. subject; to D. match; to
用suit, fit, match 填空
⑵ No dish suits all tastes.
⑶ Try the new key and see if it fits.
⑷ Have you any material to match this dress?
⑸ The curtains don’t match the paint.
⑹ He is suitable to be an engineer.
⑺ The color of the cloth suits a woman at my wife’s age.
6. owe vt. 欠,應(yīng)該把-歸功于(to)
I owe the landlord one hundred dollars.=I owe one hundred dollars to the landlord.
我欠房東100美元.
她把她的成功歸功于運(yùn)氣好.
She owes her success to good luck..
選擇: I owe ____ my parents.
A. that I have B. what I have C. that I have to D. what I have to
答案: D
7. worth，worthy和worthwhile
這三個(gè)詞都可用作adj. 意為"值得"，但各自的用法和搭配關(guān)系不同。
1. worth 只作表語
be worth + n. 當(dāng)名詞為金錢時(shí)，表示"……值……"
be worth doing "某事值得被做"
Eg. Our house is worth 60000 pounds.
The book is worth reading.
2. worthy 可以作表語和定語
作定語時(shí)，意思為“值得尊重的”，“有價(jià)值的”，“應(yīng)受到賞識(shí)的”
a worthy course 崇高的事業(yè)
作表語時(shí)，意思是“值得……”,“應(yīng)得到……”
be worthy to be done / be worthy of being done "某事值得被做"
Eg. The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.
3. worthwhile 值得的，值得花時(shí)間、錢或精力的
It is worthwhile doing sth.
It is worthwhile to do sth.
Eg. It is worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
Ex:
C 1. It is ____the ancient temple at the top of the mountain.
A.worth to vist B.worthwhile vist
C.worthwhile visting D.worthy to be visted
D 2. Try to spend your time just on the things you find _____.
A.worth doing them
B.worth being done
C.worthy of doing them
D.worthy of being done
3. 巴黎值得去看一看。（6種翻譯方法）
Paris is worth visiting.
Paris is worth a visit.
Paris is worthy to be visited.
Paris is worthy of being visited.
It is worthwhile visiting Paris.
It is worthwhile to visit Paris.
Period Ⅱ Reading &Project (Language point)
1. The vast majority of Canada’s population of about 30 million people is urban. (P2L15)
Majority用法 1) 多數(shù)人，大部分人（多與the連用）
The majority of doctors believe that smoking is harmful to health.
The great majority of the women who work in Packing town suffer in the same way.
The majority 大多數(shù)，過半數(shù)
The majority is(或are) against the plan. 大多數(shù)人都反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
注：當(dāng)the majority 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)，使用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，若強(qiáng)調(diào)的是團(tuán)體中的每一個(gè)分子，則動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）
2）（投票時(shí)的）多數(shù)（可加不定冠詞）
At the next elections they might win an actual majority.
The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes.
Be in the majority 占多數(shù)
2.Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is often said to be the most multicultural city in the world. (P2 L19)= It is said that Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is the most multicultural city in the world
The mall is said to be the largest pedestrian mall in the world. (P3 L39)
= It is said that the mall is the largest pedestrian mall in the world.
be said to be … 據(jù)說是…
句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
①. It’s said that all the passengers are from the same village.
= All the passengers are said to be from the same village.
②. It was said that his novel had been translated into several foreign languages.
= His novel was said to have been translated into several foreign languages.
類似句型：It is reported that… It seems that…
鞏固練習(xí)：
①. 據(jù)報(bào)道120人在這起空難中喪生。
It was said that 120 people had been killed in the air crash.
②. 下午好像有個(gè)會(huì)議。
It seems that there will be a meeting this afternoon.
鏈接高考：據(jù)說他在國外學(xué)習(xí)過，但我不知道他在哪個(gè)國家學(xué)習(xí)的。（用主語從句及簡單句）
It is said that he has studied abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.
= He is said to have studied abroad……
3. Located in the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, which is often called the CN Tower for short. (P2L21)
Smaller in size, but equally famous, is the city of Vancouver in the province British Columbia on the Pacific coast.(P3L33)
Nearer to the Atlantic coast is Niagara Fall . (P3L43)
作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞(過去分詞、形容詞) 放在句首，須完全倒裝。
1. Gone are the days when the women were looked down upon.
婦女被看不起的日子一去不復(fù)返了。
2. Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.
坐在房間后面的是一個(gè)長著一雙大眼睛的羞澀女孩。
3. Present at the meeting was Mr. Liu, who taught us English.
劉老師出席了會(huì)議，他教我們英語。
4. Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.
黑板上寫著昨天遲到的那些人的名字。
4. …French-speaking country in the world, Paris being the largest. (P2 L25)
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，又叫獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)（absolute construction）。它在句法上游離于句子主體之外，跟主句沒有任何句法聯(lián)系；但在意義上卻與主句緊密聯(lián)系在一起，共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的語義環(huán)境。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有主語和謂語，只有邏輯上的主語，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立于句子成分之外的獨(dú)特結(jié)構(gòu)形式。
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可置于句首、句尾，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。
二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩部分，一部分是名詞或代詞（主格），起著邏輯主語的作用；另一部分由形容詞、副詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等構(gòu)成，表示前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)、狀況或動(dòng)作。
1）名詞／代詞＋形容詞
I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry．
我聽說她在這場事故中受了傷，內(nèi)心充滿擔(dān)憂。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open．月光下，門開著，他默默地站立在那。
2）名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder．冬天來了，天氣越來越冷了。
The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk．雨停了，他出去散步。
3）名詞／代詞＋過去分詞
More time given, we should have done it much better．
如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。
The boy stood there, his right hand raised．那個(gè)男生站在那里，右手高舉。
4）名詞／代詞（主格）＋不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month
這是前兩卷,第三卷將于下月問世。
The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend's．
兩個(gè)男孩彼此道了別，一個(gè)回了家，另一個(gè)去了他朋友家。
5）名詞／代詞十介詞短語
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand．那位獵人手里提著槍走進(jìn)了樹林。
注意：這里gun in hand還可以說成with a gun in his hand，但不可以說a gun in hand或gun in his hand。
6）名詞／代詞十副詞
Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away．由于沒有人，小偷拿走了許多東西。
Lunch over, he left the house．But he was thinking．午飯結(jié)束，他離開屋。但他還在考慮。
7）名詞／代詞＋名詞
He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon．他和狼搏斗著，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。
8）with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
它的構(gòu)成是：“with ＋ 賓語 ＋ 賓語補(bǔ)足語”。賓語由代詞、名詞、名詞詞組充當(dāng)，賓補(bǔ)由分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞等充當(dāng)。
Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour．
福爾摩斯和沃森坐著，讓燈亮了半個(gè)小時(shí)。（介詞短語）
He used to sleep with the door open．他過去常開著門睡覺。（形容詞）
With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village．
由一個(gè)小男孩領(lǐng)著路，他們朝那個(gè)村子去了。（現(xiàn)在分詞）
With the work done, he went home．工作做完后，他回了家。（過去分詞）
With you to help us, we will finish the task in time．
由你來幫助，我們將會(huì)及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。（不定式）
Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on at night．
夜里，香港萬盞燈火，分外美麗。（副詞）
從以上例句可以看出：在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。當(dāng)這種主謂關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為主動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)這種主謂關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，用過去分詞；當(dāng)這種主謂關(guān)系表示將來意義時(shí)，用不定式；當(dāng)這種主謂關(guān)系表示伴隨意義時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞或副詞。
三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，常用來表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等。
1）表示時(shí)間 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea．她干完了活，坐下來喝茶。
2）表示條件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed．
若條件有利，他或許能成功。
3）表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk．沒有出租車，我們只好步行。
4）表示伴隨情況 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all．
幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體。
四、形式選擇中應(yīng)該注意的問題
1）現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞？
在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，主格詞與分詞形成邏輯主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞。如：Winter coming it gets colder and colder．一句中，“春天”和“到來”是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；主格詞與分詞形成邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用過去分詞。如：More money given，we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained．一句中，“money”和“give”是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)關(guān)系），用過去分詞。
在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的時(shí)間發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞時(shí)間之前，常用現(xiàn)在分詞
完成時(shí)態(tài)表示。如：The snow having stopped，she went out to sweep the snow in the yard．
現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的性質(zhì)完全不同，但在獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時(shí)卻有共同之處：現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式有時(shí)可以簡化為過去分詞。例如：
As her skirt was caught on a nail, she could not move．
→Her skirt being caught on a nail, she could not move．
→Her skirt caught on a nail, she could not move．
After his work had been finished, he went home．
→His work having been finished, he went home．
→His work finished, he went home．
2）分詞結(jié)構(gòu)還是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)？
上面的例子告訴我們，獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常�？梢钥醋魇怯芍鲝膹�(fù)合句中的從句變來的。但是，如果從句和主句的主語相同，則不可改為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Since he was very tired with his walk，he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles．
不可改為：He being very tired with his walk，he．但可改為：Being very tired with his walk he．．．
比較：判斷動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的方式
主語位置上，或動(dòng)詞、介詞后的"名詞代詞 + 非謂語動(dòng)詞"，如果表示的是一個(gè)事件則是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是"名詞 + 定語。請(qǐng)看以下各例：
(B)1. He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.
A. left B. being left C. leaving D. be left
(D)2. The road __________ caused us to stop our work for half an hour.
A. blocked B. was blocked C. blocking D. being blocked
(C)3. The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.
A. had been admitted B. admitted
C. having been admitted D. having admitted
5.Quebec, which was originally colonized by France, was lost to the British in 1763.(P2 L 26)
Be lost in 1) 消失在…中
The ship was lost in the hurricane.（消失在風(fēng)暴中）
2) 陷入（沉思等）；被…所吸引
For some time he seemed lost in thought.
My companion sat silent now for some time, _lost____ in thought
3) 在…中迷路，迷失在…
We were lost in the forest （在森林里迷路了）
Be lost to …失去，沒有…
The opportunity was lost to him.（他沒有機(jī)會(huì)了）
C. 1 ____ to the British, Quebec was originally colonized by France.
A Being lost B To lose C Lost D Losing
C. 2 _____ himself in thought, he didn’t notice what happened around him.
A Being lost B Lost C Losing D Having lost
C 3. After hours walk in the forest, finally we found ourselves ____ our way.
A. lost B losing C lose D to lost
6. Because of this, Montreal has a wonderful mix of Old World…(P2 L27)
because of = owing to = on account of =due to =as a result of 由于…的原因，因?yàn)?/p>
1)He was unable to go to work ________ the fall from his horse.
2)_________ my work and so on, I don’t get up much to the club.
3)He was not allowed to take the senior course __________ his youth.
7. Vancouver has superb scenery, a beautiful harbour , and ....and international cuisine , in addition to being close the popular wilderness and ski areas.
In addition to 除…之外(還有)=besides
Eg. In addition to English , he has to study a second foreign language.
We saw a Mickey Mouse cartoon in addition to the cowboy movie.
In addition 另外,此外(還)
Eg. I paid 100 yuan in addition.
In addition , there was a crop failure in many provinces.
Cf: apart from
(1) =besides
Apart from the cost , it will take a lot of time.
The children hardly see anyone , apart from their parents.
(2)=except for
Apart from that , all goes well. Good work, apart from a few faults.
Other than =but, except
There is nobody here other than me.
You can’t go there other than by swimming.
Is anyone other than yourself coming?
8. It is like an underground city, covering an area of more than 20 football pitches.
Cover v. 覆蓋，鋪(反:expose); 掩蓋，掩飾，藏匿; 占據(jù)（時(shí)間，空間）; 包括，涉及;
走過（路程）; 看過…頁書; 夠付(開支等), 彌補(bǔ)(損失);
對(duì)….進(jìn)行新聞采訪,報(bào)道
Eg. 1. Cover his eyes with a hand
2. The ground was covered with snow.
3. Lies cannot cover facts./ cover a mistake / cover one’s tracks 銷聲匿跡
4. Cover an area of
5. His researches covered a wide field.
6. The report covered all aspects of the problem.
7.I didn’t cover as much ground as I had wanted.
8.Cover 20 pages a day
9.Cover the expenses
10.I want our best reporters sent to cover the 2008 Olympics.
n. 蓋子,封面
選擇題:
---- How about the book you are reading ?
---- Good indeed. It _____ many problems we have come across in our study.
A. says B. talks C. covers D. refers
9. Still, Australia is considered to be a great sporting nation. 盡管如此，澳大利亞仍被視為體育大國。(P14, Line 14)
Considering Australia’s relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was very amazing.
考慮到澳大利亞人口相對(duì)較少，它在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上的出色表現(xiàn)著實(shí)令人驚訝。(P15, Line 51-52)
Consider v.
1. 考慮，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：consider doing,
consider + 從句 consider+疑問詞+to do
2. 認(rèn)為，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：consider that,
consider sb. / sth. to be, consider sb. / sth. as
3. Considering prep. 考慮到
4. Consideration n.考慮，常用短語：take sth. into consideration 把…考慮在內(nèi)
翻譯:
⑴ 他正在考慮換工作.
He is considering changing his job.
⑵ 他們沒有考慮他們能不能買的起這棟房子。
They do not consider whether they can afford the house or not.
⑶ 你有沒有考慮怎么去那兒?
Have you considered how to get there?
⑷ 我們認(rèn)為不該責(zé)怪你.
We consider that you are not to blame.
⑸ 他被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo).
He is considered to be / as an excellent leader.
⑹ 考慮到天氣，這場足球賽還是很不錯(cuò)的。
Considering the weather, the football game was quite good.
10. The sport that most of the world calls football is known as soccer in Australia, to distinguish it from ‘footy’, which is short for Australian rules football.(P14Line28-30)
distinguish (v.) 區(qū)分，區(qū)別；使與眾不同
eg. The girl is color-blind; she can’t distinguish between colors.
這女孩是色盲，她不能辨別顏色。
Jay Chou distinguishes himself by his unique singing style.
周杰倫因其獨(dú)特的演唱風(fēng)格而引人注目。
拓展：distinguishable (adj.) 可辨認(rèn)的；可區(qū)別的 distinguished (adj.) 著名的；非凡的
[小試] 用distinguish的適當(dāng)形式填空:
You should be able to distinguish between right and wrong.
He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.
A black object is not easily distinguishable at night.
[歸納] distinguish between A and B 分辨A和B
distinguish A from B 區(qū)分A 與B
be distinguished by / for 以……著名的
distinguish … into 把……分類
distinguish oneself 使杰出，使顯出特色
[用法相似的短語]
tell the difference between A and B 說出A與B 之間的不同
tell A from B 把A與B 區(qū)分開來 tell A and B apart 把A 與B 分開
differ A from B 使A 不同于B
11.While a high percentage of Australians may be people who watch sports rather than do them, as far as most of its population is concerned, it is indeed a great sporting nation.(P15Line55--57)
句中while 表示讓步，通常置于句首，意思是“盡管，雖然”
While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it.盡管我同意你的理由，但我不允許你這樣做。
while 的其他用法：
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句， 意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，和……同時(shí)”，從句中的謂語通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
eg. While she was listening to the radio, she fall asleep. 她聽著收音機(jī)睡著了。
表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折， 意思是“而，然而”, while 一般位于句中。
eg. Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有人浪費(fèi)糧食，有人卻吃不飽。
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意思是“只要”
Eg. There will be life while there is water and air. 只要有水和空氣，就會(huì)有生命。
翻譯：
(1) 雖然他愛他的學(xué)生，但是他對(duì)學(xué)生很嚴(yán)格。
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
(2) 瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。
Mary watched TV while she ate her supper.
(3) May 英語學(xué)得好，而她的哥哥數(shù)學(xué)好。
Mary is good at English while her brother does well in math.
(4) 只要有生命，就有希望。
While there is life, there is hope.
選擇：
(1) She thought I was praising her child，__B___,in fact, I was scolding him for his bad behaviors at school.
A. what B. while C. so that D. therefore
(2) I do every single bit of housework _A___ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.(2004全國卷II35)
A. while B. since C. when D. as
(3) ____D__it is expected that students come university with the ability to take a good set of notes，this is not always the case.
A. When B. As C. For D. While
(4) We were swimming in the lake_A__ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
詞組匯集
1. be famous/ noted/ known/ distinguished for 因?yàn)椤雒?/p>
be famous/ noted/ known/ distinguished as 作為……而出名
2. be fond of 喜愛；喜歡
3. for short 簡稱，縮略
4. in addition to 除了……之外
5. in addition 此外，另外
6. be home to 為……的所在地
7. cover an area of 占……面積
8. consist of = be made up of 由……組成
9. seek one’s fortunes 尋找發(fā)財(cái)?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì)
10. a handful of people 少數(shù)人
11. go with 和……相匹配
12. turn a beautiful red 變成一種美麗的紅色
13. turn to 變成，求助于，轉(zhuǎn)向，翻到
14. most of the time 大部分時(shí)間
15. be equipped with 配備有……
16. after dusk 黃昏之后
17. participate in 參加
18. distinguish ……from …… 把……和……區(qū)別開來
19. lead to 導(dǎo)致
20. become excited about 對(duì)……感到激動(dòng)
21. in particular 尤其，特別
22. in total 總共，總計(jì)
23. be worthy of praise 值得表揚(yáng)