Unit 3 Science versus nature (Part I)
For the use of teachers
I. Words:
1. announcement n. 口頭通知 草擬書面通知 draw up a notice
make an announcement發(fā)（口頭）通知 a TV announcer 電視播音員
announce和declare的辨析：
announce 宣布 固定結(jié)構(gòu)是announce sth. to sb.，不可以是announce sb. sth.；
declare宣布 （如公開聲明戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)/和平/中立等，較正式的場(chǎng)合），和announce有時(shí)可互換。
The Declaration of Independence 《獨(dú)立宣言》 The court declared him guilty / innocent.
The teacher announced to us that there would be a celebration for the 80th anniversary of our school.
The super power declared war against that small country in April, 2003.
Everyone was silent as the chairperson announced/declared the results of the Spoken English Contest.
2. advanced 高級(jí)的；先進(jìn)的；發(fā)達(dá)的 advanced countries/technologies/courses/studies
與時(shí)俱進(jìn) advance with the times 高級(jí)教師 a senior teacher
in advance 提前；預(yù)先 同義詞組：beforehand ；ahead of time
make great advances 取得較大進(jìn)步/進(jìn)展 同義詞組：make great/rapid progress in
3. including 用include或contain的正確形式試填下列各空：
This book contains forty maps, including three maps of China.
Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.
He was upset about losing the key to the drawer containing important documents.
In the air crash in Brazil, 197 people died, including the 9 on the ground/the 9 on the ground included.
4. praise n./vt. 表揚(yáng)；贊揚(yáng) praise sb. for sth. 反義詞組： blame sb. for sth.； criticize sb. for sth.
sing high praise for 高度贊揚(yáng) 同義詞組： think well/highly of ; speak highly of等
反義詞組有：think little/nothing of; speak badly of 等
The leader spoke in praise of the teacher who had given his life for the education cause.
與in praise of 結(jié)構(gòu)相同的短語有：in celebration/need/want/memory/honor/hopes of
5. interfere vi. 干涉；干預(yù)；擺弄；妨礙 固定搭配：interfere with sb./sth. interfere in sth.
你曾經(jīng)因?yàn)橥陿范恋K了你的職責(zé)嗎？Do you ever allow pleasure to interfere with duty?
Who has been interfering with the clock? It has stopped. 是誰擺弄這個(gè)鐘來著？現(xiàn)在不走了。
請(qǐng)不要干涉我的事情。Don’t interfere in my business. 別妨礙我。Don’t interfere with me.
不干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政。None interference in the internal affairs of other countries.
在他工作的時(shí)候不要打擾他。Don’t /interfere with /bother him when he’s at work.___________ _
6. cure vt. 治療；治愈 慣用搭配有：cure sb. of a disease 類似結(jié)構(gòu)的短語還有：
rob sb. of sth. 搶走某人某物 cheat sb. of sth. 騙走某人某物 ensure sb of sth. 使某人確信某事
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事persuade sb. of sth. 說服某人相信某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人確信某事 短語翻譯：患上不治之癥 have an incurable disease
他在醫(yī)院接受了三個(gè)月的治療，但是醫(yī)生沒能治好他的病。（選詞造句treat/treatment, cure）
He was treated/received a medical treatment in hospital for three months, but the doctors couldn’t cure his disease. / He received a three-month medical treatment, but…
7. anxiety n. 焦慮；擔(dān)心 n. 渴望；欲望 試譯出下列斜體短語的意思：
He was waiting for his brother’s return with anxiety (= anxiously). 焦慮地
Jackson’s poor performances at school caused his parents great anxiety. (give anxiety to) 使…焦慮
Although his grades are not so satisfactory, he seems to feel no anxiety for his future. 對(duì)……不犯愁
The teacher praised him for his anxiety for knowledge. 求知欲
The manager’s anxiety to please his boss turned out to be a failure. 急切討好老板
be anxious to do /be anxious for sth. 渴望做/獲得…… 類似的短語有：hope for/to do;
desire for/to do; long for/to do; die for/to do; have an itch for/to do; be eager for/to do; feel an urge to do
8. desperate adj. 絕望的；孤注一擲的； adv. desperately
A desperate look appeared on the face of the patient with a desperate disease.
a desperate cry for help 絕望的呼救聲 a desperate criminal 亡命之徒
a desperate situation 令人絕望的處境 feel a desperate urge to tell the truth 急切想說出真相
be desperate for recognition/water 急于得到認(rèn)可/渴望得到水
9. adopt (vt.) 收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用，采納（議案、意見等）
adopt measures/ new methods/ an idea 采取措施/ 采用新辦法/ 采納意見
adopt a resolution 通過決議 an adopted son 養(yǎng)子 adopted words 外來詞
The medicine was developed adopting the most advanced technique in the world.（適當(dāng)形式填空）
adopt/adapt辨析： adapt 使適合；使適應(yīng) 常見結(jié)構(gòu)有： adapt…to…； adapt…for…
She had to adapt herself to the local conditions. 她必須使自己適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐那闆r。
This English novel was adapted for the stage. 這部小說被改編成了劇本。
10. deliver vt. 接生；傳遞；發(fā)表（演講等） Her baby was delivered by an experienced doctor.
deliver sb. from danger 救某人于危險(xiǎn)境地 deliver sth. to sb. 把物品帶給某人
deliver a message/ a letter 傳話/ 送信 deliver a speech 發(fā)表演講
deliver sb. of a baby be delivered of = give birth to
11. benefit n. 利益；好處； vt.& vi. 有益于
be of benefit to = be beneficial to 對(duì)…有裨益 for the benefit of…為了…的利益
It is said Yoga is of great benefit to shaping a fine figure.（用shape的正確形式填空）
The policy will benefit the whole nation. The whole nation will benefit from the policy.
為了學(xué)生的身心健康，我們學(xué)校周圍兩公里以內(nèi)的所有網(wǎng)吧將全部關(guān)閉。(for the benefit of)
For the benefit of a healthy body and mind of the students, all the Internet cafés within a distance of
two kilometers around our school will be shut down. （也可為句式平衡調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)）
12. consequence as a consequence of 因?yàn)椤挥捎凇?同義短語有：because of;
as a result of; on account of ; thanks to; due to; owing to等。 adv. consequently
13. challenging adj. 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，難度大的 a challenging task/job
Their team challenged ours C a football match this Saturday afternoon.
A. to play B. playing C. to D. played
機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存。我們要努力把握機(jī)遇，勇敢迎接挑戰(zhàn)。
Opportunities come hand in hand with challenges. We must strive hard to grasp opportunities and meet
challenges bravely as well.
14. unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的
I’m unfamiliar with many botanical names. = Many botanical names are unfamiliar to me.
His familiarity with French gave me a big surprise. 他的法語如此嫻熟讓我很吃驚。
II. Phrases:
1. conduct an interview
conduct an experiment 做實(shí)驗(yàn) conduct electricity 導(dǎo)電 conduct an orchestra 指揮樂隊(duì)
conduct a survey 進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)調(diào)查 conduct sb. around the museum 帶某人參觀博物館
conductor 樂隊(duì)指揮；售票員 interviewer采訪者；面試考官 interviewee 被采訪者；面試者
a job interview 工作面試 have an interview with sb. 采訪某人
2. beyond our imagination
beyond comparison 無可比擬 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力
beyond praise（太好）再怎么贊揚(yáng)都不過分 beyond (one’s) description 難以形容；無法描述
beyond (one’s) reach 夠不著；超出能力外 beyond one’s grasp/capacity力所不及；難以理解
It is beyond argument (There is no doubt) that the earth moves around the sun.
I’m sorry it is beyond my power to make a final decision on the project. （2004上海高考）
This new model of car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average income.
（2006江蘇高考）
-- What do you think of Mountain Lushan? （從上列短語中選擇并填空）
-- The scenery is beautiful beyond comparison/ beyond description/beyond praise.
What lies beyond the mountain? / We can travel to the moon or beyond./beyond midnight午夜后
an imaginative writer = a writer full of imagination an imaginary story 想象出來的故事
Can you imagine the poor and miserable life of the Iraqi people ? (伊拉克人民的窮苦生活)?
I can’t imagine such a fat man B C E F up a high mountain like this. （多項(xiàng)選擇題）
A. climb B. climbed C. climbing D. to climb E. should climb F. could climb
I just couldn’t imagine such a promising student ____A C F__ a thief. （多項(xiàng)選擇題）
3. around the world 全世界范圍內(nèi)；同義短語有：all over the world; in the world ; across the
world; throughout the world; in every part/corner of the world等
4. on (the) one hand…on the other hand… 一方面……；另一方面……
注意：?jiǎn)为?dú)使用on the other hand時(shí)，hand不能省略，但與on (the) one hand連用時(shí)，可省略
On one hand, rapid development of the economy will improve the living conditions of the people. On the other hand, it will speed up environmental destruction.
at hand 在手頭；近便；臨近 by hand 手工 in hand 手頭上 hand in hand 手拉手
Hands off! 請(qǐng)勿觸摸！ Hands up! 舉起手來 a green hand 新手 left-handed左撇的
hand in 上交 hand over 交接 hand out 分配；施舍 hand down流傳下來；傳遞
from hand to hand 傳遞 live from hand to mouth 過著衣食無憂的生活
5. point out 指出 He pointed out my mistake/the importance of self-discipline.
point to/point at 指著，指向某人或某物（兩個(gè)詞組可互換使用）
“Can’t you read by yourself?” she said ______A ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. angrily pointed C. pointed angrily D. to point angrily
point at 對(duì)準(zhǔn)，瞄準(zhǔn) = aim at They pointed (a gun ) at her head but she was not scared.
point to 表明，指向(主語為證據(jù)、時(shí)針以及賓語為某一方向時(shí))
The evidence points to him as the criminal. / The hands of the clock pointed to half past three.
The compass needle points to the north.
6. be used to save human lives
豆油過去常被用來點(diǎn)燈。 Soybean oil used to be used to burn a lamp.
你別著急，很快你就會(huì)適應(yīng)這兒的氣候和環(huán)境的。
Take it easy! You’ll soon get used / accustomed to the climate and surroundings here.
7. be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster
on one’s (the) way to doing sth. “正在……過程中” ；“即將” 同義短語：be on the point of doing
他即將成為一名大學(xué)生。 He is on the way to becoming a university student.
I’ve just heard a warning _____A____ the radio that a storm may be ________ its way.
A. on, on B. over, in C. on, above D. from, on
on one’s (the) way to 在去…的路上；即將 by the way 順便問一下 by way of_途徑
in a way在某種意義上，在某種程度上 in this way用這種方式 in one’s (the) way _擋路
8. in early 2003
在19世紀(jì)初葉 in the early 19th century 在20世紀(jì)80年代晚期_in the late 1980s________
在凌晨時(shí)分 in the early morning 在傍晚時(shí)候 __in the late afternoon
在初春時(shí)節(jié)__in the early spring 仲夏夜之夢(mèng) a dream at a mid-summer night
在他年近花甲的時(shí)候 in his late fifties 在他步入而立之時(shí) in his early thirties
9. in the animal world 動(dòng)物界 the world of art/sport 藝術(shù)/體育界 the film world 電影界
in the world of science = in the field of science 科學(xué)界
feel on top of the world 得意洋洋；興高采烈 a world of surprise = much surprise
10. in general 一般說來，總體看，大體上 Generally, red is the most popular color this season.
in a general way 一般，通常 as a general rule 在一般情況下
11. scientific breakthrough
科學(xué)研究scientific research 科學(xué)成就 scientific achievement 科學(xué)進(jìn)步 scientific advances
科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)scientific discoveries 科學(xué)發(fā)展觀 scientific view of development
查詞典：breakout 爆發(fā) handover 交接 breakdown故障 makeup 構(gòu)成
12. consider cloning human beings
(1). 考慮 consider +n./v-ing consider a travel plan/changing a job.
I’m considering where I should go for the National Day holiday. （句型轉(zhuǎn)換）
I’m considering where to go for the National Day holiday.
(2). 認(rèn)為consider…as/to be/不填…. 翻譯：林肯被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。
Lincoln was considered to be/ as/-- one of the greatest presidents in American history.
類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有: have … as … ; regard … as… ; treat … as… ; think of … as/to be …;
look on … as…; refer to …as …等。
鄭和被認(rèn)為是 “中國(guó)的哥倫布”。（refer）Zhen He was referred to as the Chinese Columbus.
Bell was generally considered _____D____ the telephone.
A. to invent B. inventing C. having invented D. to have invented
將上句改寫再比較總結(jié)：It was generally considered that Bell invented the telephone.
B she’s only a beginner of English, she’s speaking quite well.
A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. to be considered
13. concentrate on 全神貫注 同義短語有：centre on, focus on, concentrate on, fix one’s attention on,
pay attention to, be absorbed/buried/lost/engaged in, be addicted to, devote one’s energy to,
put one’s heart into, apply oneself/one’s mind to
14. with the intention of 以…為目的或意圖， “in hopes of ”
He has decided to go abroad to study with the intention of improving his English and getting a（期望提高英語并且在回國(guó)能找到更好的工作。）
without intention 無意地；并非故意地 make one’s intention clear 闡明自己的意圖
state/ announce one’s intention 陳述自己的意圖
I began reading with the intention of finishing the book, but I never did.
15. show no respect for show sympathy for 對(duì)……憐憫同情 show mercy on 對(duì)……仁慈同情
show around 帶領(lǐng)參觀 show off _炫耀 _ show up 出現(xiàn)
16. be genetically related to me be related to 與…有關(guān)聯(lián)；與…有聯(lián)系
Can you relate what happened in your childhood to your present state of mind?
請(qǐng)列出與中國(guó)相關(guān)的所有鄰國(guó)。Please make a list of all the neighboring countries related to China.
It is hard for a child to relate to the life of a scientist. 查詞典解釋斜體短語的意思： 理解
relation (n.) 關(guān)系，聯(lián)系，家屬，親屬 in/with relation to 做后置定語時(shí)等同于related to
relative (adj.) 有關(guān)系的，相對(duì)的；相對(duì)而言_relatively speaking (n.) 親戚，親屬
含義相近的短語結(jié)構(gòu)有：(1) connect A with/to B (2) link A to B (3) associate A with B
17. push ahead with 推進(jìn)；推進(jìn)；毅然繼續(xù)做某事 還可以是：push ahead/ forward/ on with sth.
It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy. 這樣不得人心的政策很難推行下去的。
push our way through the crowd 從人群中擠過 push sb. around 擺布
push sb./ sth. over 使某人/某物倒下；推倒某人/某物
I’m not going to be pushed around by you or anybody. 我不想被你或任何人隨意擺布
我們必須趕快做完我們的工作。 We must push ahead with our work.
18. focus their efforts on 努力做…… 同義短語：make effort to do sth. / spare no effort to do sth./
go all out to do sth. / do…to one’s strength /do everything (all; what) sb. can to do sth.
19. as well as (1). 和……一樣好 Peter plays football, if not better than, as well as Jack.
(2). 短語介詞， 連同……；和…… 可以用 together with 或 along with 進(jìn)行替換。
Mr. Henderson, as well as his children, is fond of watching football matches on TV.（be填空）
Jackie Chan is my favorite film star, because he is diligent, warm-hearted and humorous as well.
(3). may as well… 不妨；不如（表建議語氣）
既來之，則安之。 Since/Now you’ve come, you may as well enjoy your stay.
20. end up replacing us end up 以……而告終；落得……下場(chǎng)
We couldn’t get along very well at first, but we ended up as good friends （成為好朋友）.
The young couple quarreled yesterday and the wife ended up crying （大哭起來）.
If you continue to drive at such a speed, you’ll surely end up in hospital （進(jìn)醫(yī)院）.
After his years of research, the experiment ended up with failure （失敗告終）.
21. one day/some day/ the other day/another day 試填下列各空，可多選。
I’m quite occupied right now, perhaps we can discuss this issue another day .
I’m quite occupied right now, perhaps we can discuss this issue some day next day.
One day , a fairy lady came to the town and promised to dig a well for the locals.
I ran across an old friend of mine in the Times Extra the other day .
I’m confident that I will become something one day/ some day .
22. be delighted to have a mother
be surprised/disappointed/shocked/pleased/frightened/delighted to do sth. （表情緒的形容詞）
much to one’s delight/to one’s great delight 令某人十分高興的是
類似的名詞還有：to one’s joy/surprise/disappointment/sorrow/satisfaction/anger/shock等
23. comment on your article comment (n.& vi.) 評(píng)論，評(píng)注
make (a comment)comments on sb./sth. = comment on/ upon/ about sb./sth. 評(píng)論某人（某事）
我們想讓觀眾來評(píng)價(jià)我們的新劇。We’d like the audience to comment on our new play.
24. be in complete agreement with 完全贊同
come to /arrive at / make /reach an agreement 達(dá)成協(xié)議 sign an agreement 簽署協(xié)議
25. after all （置句首，表強(qiáng)調(diào)理由）畢竟，終究，別忘了 （置句末，表與前句的轉(zhuǎn)折）
You shouldn’t have scolded the child so strictly. After all, he is just a boy in his teens.
We all thought that he would fail, but he succeeded after all.
外面下著瓢潑大雨，但他們還是去了海邊。It’s raining hard outside, but they went to the seaside after all .
26. on a personal note 依我個(gè)人之見
in my opinion; from my point of view; as far as I know; as far as I’m concerned
27. come across = run into / run across
come into use 投入使用 come into being 形成；出現(xiàn) come into power 上臺(tái)執(zhí)政
come into sight/view出現(xiàn) come into effect 生效 come about 發(fā)生（強(qiáng)調(diào)來龍去脈）
come out開花；出現(xiàn)；出版 come on 加油；得了吧（表反駁） come up with 想出（主意；辦法）
不要每次閱讀時(shí)一碰到生詞就查詞典。It’s better not to look it up in the dictionary each time you come
across a new word while reading.
When it comes to helping his mother with housework, Jack never grumbles.
試譯上句，注意斜體部分的用法和意思，并從《學(xué)英語》報(bào)第四期第一版找出該結(jié)構(gòu)的語句填寫在此行：I forgot the time when it comes to leaning. （出自The power of knowledge 第三段第一句）
28. strict laws should be put in place 嚴(yán)格的法規(guī)應(yīng)該施行
put … in place 實(shí)施；執(zhí)行= put …into practice /effect; bring …into practice/effect; carry out
put up 張貼；舉起；支起 put down 放下；鎮(zhèn)壓 put forward 提出（理論）
put out 撲滅 put off 延期；推遲 put away 收起來
put aside 放在一邊 put the blame on 責(zé)備某人；把責(zé)任歸咎某人
29. introduce tighter laws
Is Mr. Smith here? Will he stand up and make himself introduced to us? （introduce）
When first B to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （2004全國(guó)高考）
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
30. be made up of many small parts
The committee is made up of five members. =The committee consists of five members.
Girls make up one third of the whole class. / I won’t listen to you. You are making up a story.
Matthew was sick last week and now he is trying to make up for the missing lessons.
31. compare your body to your school life 將你的身體比作學(xué)校生活
表示“比較”，結(jié)構(gòu)為compare…with/to… 表示“比作”，結(jié)構(gòu)為compare…to…
When C different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without
noticing the many similarities. （2006浙江高考）
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
D with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2004湖北高考） A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
Shall I compare thee to a hot summer day? 我可否把你比作火辣辣的夏日
莎士比亞曾把人生比作大舞臺(tái)。 Shakespeare compared life to a big stage.
32. the life you lead at school lead a rich/happy/miserable/simple life 過著…樣的生活，也可用live
III. Important sentences:
1. I look just like my brother, that’s because I am a clone.
①---What is Tom like? ---He is handsome and kind.
②---What does Tom look like? ---He is handsome, just like Beckham.
③---How does Tom like the film? (=What does Tom think of/like about the film?) ---Interesting!
The reason why Steven Spielberg couldn’t enter a film academy was that his grades were too low.
_Why Steven Spielberg couldn’t enter a film academy was ___because his grades were too low.
Steven Spielberg’s grades were too low. That was __why he couldn’t enter a film academy.
Steven Spielberg couldn’t enter a film academy. That was _ because his grades were too low.
2. While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already
pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.
While I show pity on the the victims in the southeastern Asian hurricane, I can’t help them but to give away my pocket money.
One of my good friends is going to stay in my house for a few days while I’m away on holiday.
Many people are wasting food while many others are suffering from starvation.
Johnson has many good friends while I have none.
I do every bit of housework _while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. （04廣西）
We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, __while , in fact, there were 40.（06全國(guó)高考）
3. He has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
Mr. Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut to travel into space.
The Maori people were the first to settle in New Zealand.
Christine is a diligent student and she is always the first to come and the last to leave.
4. After this comes the heart. 完全倒裝句
在兩座花園之間坐落著的是我們的教學(xué)樓。Between the two gardens stands our teaching building.
農(nóng)舍的門口坐著一個(gè)小男孩。 In front of the farm house sat a little boy.
小偷奪門而逃。_Out rushed the thief. 鳥兒飛走了。_ Away flew the bird.
巴士來了。 Here comes the bus. 他來了。 Here he comes.
Unit 3 Science versus nature (Part II)
I. Words:
1. trap n. 陷阱；圈套 vt. 使……受困 捕鼠器 a mouse-trap
fall into a trap _掉入陷阱；落入圈套 set a trap for sb. 為某人設(shè)圈套
be trapped in 受困于 同義短語有：be caught in; be stuck in
困電梯中be trapped/caught in the elevator遭雨 be caught in the rain身陷泥沼 be stuck in the mud/bog
2. prove vt.&vi. 證明；證明是；結(jié)果是
Benjamin Franklin’s experiment proved to be a great scientific breakthrough. (= turn out to be )
Benjamin Franklin just wanted to prove that thunderstorm is caused by…
It has been proven that he is guilty. / He has proven himself (to be) an efficient employee.
The suspect was released due to a lack of sufficient ___proof (詞形變化：prove )
3. otherwise 試解釋下列三句中斜體單詞的含義。
Do what you’ve been told, otherwise you shall get punished.
The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory. （短語解釋： on the other hand ）
He should have been working now, but he is otherwise occupied.（短語解釋：in a different/another way）
4. behave vt.& vi. 行為；舉止 n. behavior
The mother felt ashamed because the child behaved so badly at the dinner party.
Behave yourself! 放規(guī)矩點(diǎn)；放禮貌點(diǎn) a well-behaved gentleman 舉止得體的紳士
5. cautious adj. 小心謹(jǐn)慎的 常用結(jié)構(gòu)是：be cautious about/of …
花錢仔細(xì) be cautious of/about spending money 提防陌生人 be cautious of strangers
在白水漂流的時(shí)候，千萬要當(dāng)心不要觸礁。
While going rafting, do be cautious not to hit rocks. _______________________________
On rainy days at the entrance to the office building, there will be a sign _reading “Caution: Wet
floor”. (用read正確形式填空)
6. alternative n.& adj. 可替換之物；可選擇之物；可替換的；可選擇的
Plastic containers are cheaper alternatives to the metal ones in the old days.
你的提議沒有變通的余地了嗎？__Is there no alternative to what you propose/your proposal.
You have the alternative of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being
unsuccessful.（此處等同于choice）
7. involve vt. 使……卷入；包含
The man is under arrest because he has got involved in a bribery scandal.（時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)填空題）
Nurse is a job involving great patience. （用短語解釋 calling for ）
你最好不要讓自己卷入這場(chǎng)紛爭(zhēng)當(dāng)中去。You’d better not get yourself involved in the dispute.
He was involved in working out a plan. 他正全心全意地制訂計(jì)劃。
8. representative n. 代表 vt. represent 注意與stand for 的區(qū)別
The representatives from the two companies are having a negotiation over the damage caused by
an accident of ship sinking.
The letters UNESCO _stand for the United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization.
UNESCO __stands for the United Nations Education Science and Culture Organization.
Tian Liang and Hu Jia _ represented China to compete in the World Diving Championship.
9. advocate n.& vt. 倡導(dǎo)者；倡導(dǎo) He advocates lengthening the time of evening classes.
an advocate for the civil rights 民權(quán)的擁護(hù)者
我們的總理主張?zhí)岣呓處煹墓べY。Our premier advocated raising teachers’ payment.
10. conclude vt.&vi. 結(jié)束 = put an end to; come to an end n. 結(jié)論 _conclusion
He concluded his speech by wishing us a happy new year.
第十屆全運(yùn)會(huì)在國(guó)歌聲中落下帷幕。The 10th National Games concluded in the National Anthem
得出結(jié)論 come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion
to conclude 總而言之 同義短語有：to sum up; all in all; to be brief/briefly; in a/one word等
11. urge n.& vt. 催促；敦促 最常見搭配：urge sb. to do sth.
urge a horse on/onward 策馬而馳 have/feel an urge /no urge to travel 渴望去旅行/不想去旅行
媽媽催我早點(diǎn)上床休息。___Mum urged me to go to bed early.
12. seek vt.& vi. 尋求；找尋 job-seeking 求職 look for; hunt for; search …for…
seek shelter from the rain ___尋找避雨之處 seek help/advice/ a chance 求助/征求意見/尋找機(jī)會(huì)
13. argue argue with sb. about/over sth. argue against/for 為支持/反對(duì)…而據(jù)理力爭(zhēng)
Medical specialists are arguing about the cause of SARS.
The National Day holiday is around the corner, the students are arguing for a 7-day off.
They argued against the use of death penalty on murderers.
It is beyond argument that… ……是無可爭(zhēng)辯的
II. Phrases:
1. on your part 對(duì)你來說 = as for you/ as to you
The agreement has been kept on my part, but not on his. 我遵守了協(xié)議， 而他沒有。
2. burn out 燒光 burn down 燒毀 burn up the garden rubbish 焚毀花園里的垃圾（有目的地清除）
他最終趕到時(shí)，只發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的房子燒毀了，所有的家具都已蕩然無存。（選詞組造句）
He arrived at last only to find his houses had been burnt down and all the furniture burnt out.
或者是only to find (that) his house had burnt down and that all the furniture had been burnt out
或者是only to find his house burnt down and all the furniture burnt out.
3. take turns to ask and answer the questions
take turns to do/doing sth. 輪流做某事 = do sth. in turn/by turns
On the trip back home, we took turns driving/to drive the car. …we drove in turn/by turns.
turn down 拒絕；調(diào)小/低 turn out 結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn) turn over 側(cè)翻；翻身 turn up 調(diào)高/大；出現(xiàn)
4. with reference to 參照；參考 參考書：reference books
You’ll get paid with reference to the regulations concerned. _將按有關(guān)規(guī)定付給你報(bào)酬。
5. follow in their footsteps 跟風(fēng)做……；學(xué)……做…… 用follow的正確形式填空。
Some film stars dye their hairs brown, which leads to many teenagers following in their footsteps.
6. the majority of people minority n. 少數(shù)
The/A majority of children like the food in KFC. / The majority is /are against the plan.
7. end this immoral practice immediately 立即結(jié)束這種不道德的做法。 practice n. 做法
（2005全國(guó)高考試題閱讀理解A篇）Sue Chaseling of Petcare Information Service said that the
practice of keeping office pets was good both for the people and the pets.
8. donate a lot to the hungry people donate vt. 捐贈(zèng) n. donation
donate…to… 捐贈(zèng) 同義短語：devote…to… ; give away…to…; contribute…to…
9. for a long time
in ancient times 在古代 in modern times 在現(xiàn)代 in Shakespeare’s time 在莎士比亞時(shí)代
at the same time 同時(shí) during the wartime 在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期 at no time =by no means 決不
once upon a time 從前 How time flies! 光陰似箭， in times of peace
in no time _立刻；馬上__ (right away; at once; immediately)
at times 時(shí)而不時(shí)地 (from time to time; now and then; sometimes; occasionally)
Don’t speak at a time. At one time (= in the past), he came to my house every day.
It’s the first time that I have been (be) in Shanghai.
It’s time for you to go to school now. = It’s time that you went to school now.
當(dāng)我第一次坐飛機(jī)旅行時(shí)，我感覺到有點(diǎn)頭暈。
When I traveled by plane _for the first time , I felt a little bit dizzy.
The first time I traveled by plane, I felt a little bit dizzy.
10. natural resources 自然資源
自然災(zāi)害 natural disasters 違背自然 go against nature 自然公園_ a nature park
11. in favor of 支持；贊成 I am in favor of stopping work right now.
Most people were not as much in favor of the new regulation as was previously thought/expected.
do sb. a favor 幫某人一個(gè)忙 win the favor of the king 贏得君王的恩寵
12. meet our own needs 滿足我們的需要 satisfy/meet one’s need/desire
13. at a fast rate 以較快的速率 the interest rate 利率
Maglev train can run at an amazing speed of 420 km/h.
In order to return for the Spring Festival early, the young man sold the beef at a low price.
14. be blamed for blame sb. for sth. 因……責(zé)備…… He was blamed for breaking the glass.
你該對(duì)這個(gè)被寵壞的孩子負(fù)責(zé)。 You are to blame for the spoiled child.
15. leave a lasting impression leave/make a …impression on 給……留下……印象
What impressed you most when you traveled around Hangzhou?
The West Lake left a deep impression on my mind with its special charm.
III. Important sentences:
1. He must have been working too hard to notice.
must用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，語氣比較強(qiáng)烈，也可用may/might替代。其在否
定句和疑問句中的替代詞是can.
be + n./adj. 或do You must like beer very much, don’t you ?
（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） You must be tired, aren’t you ?
You wear a pair of glasses, you must be a student, aren’t you ?
must be doing
（現(xiàn)在） （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)） The light in the office is still on, Mr. Xu must be preparing
lessons, isn’t he ?
have done Tom is watching TV, and he must have finished homework,
（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） hasn’t he ?
have been +n/adj. You must have been very tired then after such a long trip, weren’t you ?
或have done The ground is wet, it must have rained last night, didn’t it _?
（一般過去時(shí)）
must have been doing -I tried to call you at 8:00 last night, but I couldn’t get through.
（過去） （過去進(jìn)行時(shí)） -Oh, someone must have been using the telephone.
have done -When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
（過去完成時(shí)， -I suppose it must have begun 30 minutes before, hadn’t it ?
同一般過去時(shí)）
He B the meeting yesterday afternoon, as he was at home looking after his sick child.
A. mustn’t have attended B. couldn’t have attended
C. shouldn’t have attended D. needn’t have attended
How ___C___he have finished such heavy work within one day?
A. must B. should C. could D. need
2. The very genes that make crops resistant to pests and disease could be harmful to animals.
be resistant to… 對(duì)……有抵制力/抵抗力 resist the temptation 抵制誘惑
由于農(nóng)民一直向田里噴灑農(nóng)藥導(dǎo)致一些害蟲對(duì)農(nóng)藥具有強(qiáng)抗藥性。
Farmers have been spraying pesticide and some pests in the field are now strongly resistant to it.
對(duì)……有好處： be good for; be beneficial to; do good to…; do… much good
對(duì)……有害處： be bad for; be harmful to; do harm to…; do… great harm; cause/do damage to
3. research has been limited to increasing profits, rather than ensuring safety./Many developed
nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.
rather than; more than; other than;
Media do more than just record what happens at home and aboard.
The farmer decided to sell his tomatoes at a low price rather than carry them back home.
In no countries_other than Britain does the weather change so sharply within a day.
I have no desire other than to live a quite life, free from pressure.
4. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. （翻譯該句）當(dāng)not和each; every;
both; all連用時(shí)表示部分否定。若表示兩者的全部否定用neither; 三者或以上用none.
Everything that is best for nature is not good for people. 并非對(duì)自然有益的一切事情對(duì)人類都是好的
發(fā)光的并非都是金子。Not all that glitters is gold. / All that glitters is not gold.
5. We are moving towards an important point of understanding in our relationship with nature.
There didn’t seem much point in working on my PhD - I didn’t expect to survive that long.
攻讀博士學(xué)位對(duì)我（霍金）似乎沒什么意義了，我沒有期望活那么久。
He was on the point of leaving the office ____A_____ the telephone rang. A. when B. while C. as D. for
a case in point 適當(dāng)?shù)睦?keep to the point 切題
go off the point 偏題 a turning-point 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)