1．Cybercrime is a relatively new term that refers to any computer-related criminal offence.
(P50) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪是一個相對較新的詞語， 指任何與電腦相關(guān)的犯罪。
refer to: phrasal verb 指的是；提到; 參照
to talk or write about someone or something, especially briefly:
In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.
He always refers to the house as his "refuge".
When you have problems, you may refer to your reference book.
refer to…as…:把…稱為
reference noun 參照
a mention of something:
Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings.
I am writing with/in reference to (= in connection with) your letter of 15 March.
with/in reference to:關(guān)于，涉及，和…有關(guān)
典型題例:
The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _________ his notes.
(2005浙江)
A．bringing up B．referring to C．looking for D．trying on
答案及解析:
選B. refer to參照; bring up撫養(yǎng); look for 尋找; try on 試穿.
2. Lastly, it identifies those offences relating to breaking intellectual property and copyright laws. (P50) 最后, 它定義了同侵犯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和違反版權(quán)法相關(guān)的犯罪.
relate to sb/sth: phrasal verb 和…有關(guān)
to be connected to, or to be about someone or something:
Chapter nine relates to the effects of inflation on consumers.
relate to sb ：phrasal verb 理解
to understand someone and be able to have a friendly relationship with them:
Many parents find it hard to relate to their children when they are teenagers.
3. Considering how bad the situation with cybercrime against companies has got, many people wonder why so little is known about this. (P51) 考慮到針對公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的情況有多么惡劣, 許多人質(zhì)疑為什么我們對于這些犯罪知之甚少.
consider: verb 考慮
to give attention to a particular subject or fact when judging something else:
You've got to consider the time element when planning the whole project.
[+ question word] If you consider how long he's been learning the piano, he's not very good.
[+ing] I am considering moving.
consideration：noun 考慮
It may be fairly cheap to buy, but you've got to take into consideration the money you'll spend on repairs.
Comfort/Safety is an important consideration.
take sth. into consideration: 考慮到，顧及
considering：preposition考慮到
used to mention a particular condition or fact about something, usually a disadvantageous one:
Considering the weather, we got here quite quickly.
consider: verb 認(rèn)為
to spend time thinking about a possibility or making a decision:
Don't make any decisions before you've considered the matter.
[+ question word] Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job?
[+ ing form of verb] We're considering selling the house.
She's being considered for the job.
I'd like some time to consider before I make a decision.
4．All of this is further complicated by the legal situation regarding cybercrime. (P51) 有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀況使形勢更加復(fù)雜.
(1) situation: noun 形勢, 情況
the set of things that are happening and the conditions that exist at a particular time and place:
the economic/political situation
Her news put me in a difficult situation.
"Would you get involved in a fight?" "It would depend on the situation."
I'll worry about it if/when/as the situation arises (= if/when/as it happens).
注: situation后的定語從句常用where/in which引導(dǎo), 這類詞還有: point, case, system等.
相關(guān)題例:
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
答案及解析:
選A. situation在定語從句中作狀語,所以用關(guān)系副詞where.
(2) regard: verb 認(rèn)為
to consider or have an opinion about something or someone:
Local people regard this idea of a motorway through their village with horror.
Her parents always regarded her as the cleverest of their children.
regarding: preposition 關(guān)于
about:
The company is being questioned regarding its employment policy.
5. The only solution to this problem is international cooperation. (P51) 這個問題的唯一的解決辦法就是國際合作.
the solution to this problem: 這個問題的解決辦法, 其中to是介詞, 其后接名詞,代詞或動名詞, 類似的有:the key to solving the problem, the visit to Beijing, the entrance to the cinema, a trip to some place, a guide to a museum等.
相關(guān)題例:
-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
-The key_______the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
答案及解析:
選B. to是介詞,其后用-ing形式; make the demand;提出要求, made by the customers為過去分詞短語作定語,表達被動含義.
6. The technical skills of these criminals are among the best in the world, which means that governments must combine their technological resources to keep up. (P51) 這些罪犯的技術(shù)水平在世界屬于先進水平, 這意味著政府必須集合他們的技術(shù)資源來跟進.
keep up: 保持, 維持, 繼續(xù)
to continue without stopping or changing, or to continue something without allowing it to stop or change:
Keep up the good work!
有關(guān)keep的常用短語:
keep (sb/sth) off sth: 讓開,不接近
There was a notice saying 'Keep off the grass'.
keep on doing sth: 繼續(xù)做某事, 反復(fù)做某事
She kept on asking me questions the whole time.
keep sb. from doing sth: 阻止某人做某事, 防止某人做某事
I'm afraid I couldn't keep myself from smiling when she told me what she'd done.
keep (sb/sth) away: 避開, 遠離
Keep away from the edge of the cliff.
keep up (with sb/sth): 跟上,使不落后
He started to walk faster and the children had to run to keep up.
Wages are failing to keep up with inflation.
典型題例:
Would you slow down a bit, please? I can’t __________ you. (北京2001春)
A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to
答案及解析:
選A. 此句意為: 你慢點好嗎? 我跟不上你了. put up with 忍受; make up to 討好, 報答; hold on to 抓住, 抓牢.