Unit 1 Living with technology
Class ____________Name ____________ No. ____________
Learning goals:
Ⅰ. Goals for knowledge:
1. To read some exhibition boards about the history of television and audio devices, and an article about the dangers of mobile phones
2. To listen to information about electronic dictionaries
3. To talk about how modern electronic devices affect our lives and help buy an electronic dictionary
4. Grammar: To review the usages of some major prepositions and learn how to use prepositional phrases correctly
Ⅱ. Goals for skills and strategies:
Speaking:
1. To develop speaking ability by discussing how different electrical and electronic devices reveal great changes that have been made to them over time
2. To discuss how to ask for information by telephone
Reading: To learn how to understand subtitles
Listening: To learn a listening skill by listening for what is most important
Writing: To write an e-mail to give advice
Acting: To make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of some modern electronic devices
Ⅲ. Goals for culture and emotions:
1. To know about the history of television and audio devices
2. To learn about the way that the electronic inventions affect our lives
Self-study work
Part Ⅰ. Welcome to the unit
1. Look at the following four pictures and discuss the following questions:
1) How important are watching TV and listening to music to you?
2) How have different electronic devices changed over time?
3) How have these inventions improved people’s lives?
2. Translate the following into English:
1）手機(jī)的危害 2）電子詞典
3）提建議 4）列出……的利弊
5）有著模糊的圖像 6）隨著時代
7）在最近數(shù)十年里，技術(shù)上的發(fā)展成就一直令人驚異不已。
8）有了手機(jī)，無論在何處，我們都可以與別人保持聯(lián)系。
Part Ⅱ. Reading
1. Skimming: go through the text as quickly as possible and answer the following questions
1) When did regular public TV broadcasting begin around the world?
2) What is WebTV?
3) What was invented in 1954?
2. Scanning: read the text again carefully and try to find out some detailed information
Complete Parts C1and C2 on page 4, and make sure that you can distinguish and pick out the relevant information within the given time.
3. Reading strategy: understanding subtitles
Subtitles appear after titles and provide more information about the text. Subtitles can show how a text is organized. Read the text again and figure out how this text is organized. The following chart might help you understand the text better:
Early history of TV
TV
(In order of time) The modern age: TV, TV, TV, …
Early history of
Audio devices Tape recorders and
(By types of equipment) Sound goes
4. Translate the following into English:
1) 在傳媒與技術(shù)展覽會上 2) 電視和音響器件
3) 之后不久 4) 對電視的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)
5) 有線電視 6) 認(rèn)為數(shù)字電視優(yōu)于衛(wèi)星電視
7) 能接收到200個頻道_________________ 8) 進(jìn)入市場，上市
9) 一位僑居美國的德國人_______________ 10) 將該技術(shù)用于生產(chǎn)晶體管收音機(jī)
11) 控制電流__________________________ 12) 為了軍事用途
13) 用手搖 14) 被加入詞典
15) 有史以來第一次 16) 便于攜帶
17) 自1999年初以來___________________ 18）占領(lǐng)了便攜式音樂播放器市場
19）從200個不同的頻道中 20）給人們的生活帶來了便利和快樂
21) 正因為此，至今還未能確定是誰發(fā)明了電視。
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22) 66%的美國家庭擁有有線電視是50年后的事。
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23) 這個機(jī)頂盒將電視和萬維網(wǎng)連接起來。
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24) 一切始于1877年，這一年托馬斯．愛迪生第一次錄下了人的聲音。
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25) 由于MP3播放器的普及，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上如雨后春筍般出現(xiàn)了許多提供MP3音樂供人們選購的音樂網(wǎng)站。
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5. Language points:
1. Because of this, it is still uncertain who invented TV.
正因為此，至今還未確定是誰發(fā)明了電視。
句中because of this 作原因狀語，it作形式主語，who 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。
(1) because of 意為“由于，因為”，通常作狀語，位于句首或句尾。
因為大雨，運動會將被推遲到下周六舉行。
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表示原因的介詞短語還有due to, owing to, thanks to。
辨析：due to 意為“由于”，常用在be動詞之后。
because of 指原因，意為“因為”，用以指出理由。
thanks to 既可表達(dá)正面意義（虧得，多虧，幸虧），又可表示諷刺意義。
owing to 意為“由于，應(yīng)歸功于”
他的病是由吸煙和飲酒造成的。
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(2) “it is uncertain +從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，uncertain 是certain的反義詞，意為“不確定，無把握”。注意：在it為主語的句中能用certainuncertain，但不能用sure。當(dāng)以人作主語時，可與be sure…互換。
他不一定明天會來。
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我肯定他明天會來。
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2. It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for colour broadcasts to begin in the USA.
但是，直到1951年，花了20多年時間，彩色電視節(jié)目才得以在美國開播。
(1) more than的用法：
△本意為“比……更……”，more為形容詞或副詞的比較級形式。
△與數(shù)詞連用，意為“超過”，相當(dāng)于over。
不止一所房子在火災(zāi)中被燒毀了。
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△后接名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞、動名詞或分詞時，意為“不只是，不僅僅是”。
他們非常愿意幫忙。
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△與含有情態(tài)動詞的句子連用，有否定意義，意為“是……難以……的”或“超過了……的所能”。
△more…than…相當(dāng)于rather than，表示取舍，意為“與其說后者，不如說前者”，這時more…than…連接兩個對等的成分。
這本書與其說是一本語法書，倒不如說是一本詞典。
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辨析：
no more than no more…than… 和……一樣不……
not more than not more…than… 沒有……那樣……
more than ever 更加 more than a little 非常
more often than not 通常 nothing more than 和……完全一樣
(2) though 在句中作副詞，表“可是，但是”，可位于句中或句末。
他說過他要來，可是他沒有來。
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though 也可作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表“雖然”。有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，though引導(dǎo)的從句可以倒裝，相當(dāng)于as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Child though (=as) he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
他雖是個孩子，卻懂得什么是該做的事。（表語是名詞，倒裝時，不用冠詞）
注意：though 絕不能與表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but連用。如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)反面，可用yet, still, nevertheless等副詞。
水雖深，卻清澈見底。
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3. Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV because it allows the same services to be delivered with clearer pictures than before.
有些人認(rèn)為數(shù)字電視比衛(wèi)星電視好，因為傳輸同樣的圖像時數(shù)字電視的畫面要比以前更為清晰。
(1) sb./sth. + to be + n./ adj.
consider sb./sth. + as +n./ adj.
+ that從句
辨析：considerate (adj.) 體貼的，考慮周到的
considerable (adj.) 相當(dāng)多的，相當(dāng)大的
consideration (n.) 考慮；體貼；報酬 take sth. into consideration把某事考慮在內(nèi)
under consideration 在考慮中
considering (prep. & conj.) 考慮到，就……而言
(2) superior作形容詞時，表“高級的；高傲的；優(yōu)越的；上級的”，短語be superior to…意為“比……好”、“比……強(qiáng)”。其反義詞組為be inferior to…意為“低于/次于……”。
在我看來，手工制作的褲子要比機(jī)器加工的褲子好。
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另外，superior還可作名詞，意為“上級”、“長者”、“地位/智力較高的人”等。
我們需要一封你們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)寫的推薦信。
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4. They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio.
他們買下了這項專利，并把這項技術(shù)應(yīng)用于發(fā)明晶體管收音機(jī)。
句中動詞apply意為“應(yīng)用”，短語apply…to…意為“把……應(yīng)用于……”。
這項研究成果將應(yīng)用于肺癌的治療。
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另外，apply還可表“申請”、“請求”（apply to sb. for sth.“向某人申請某物”）；“使努力使專心”的意思（apply oneself to…“致力于……”）。
我將去那家公司申請那份工作。
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他干新工作很賣力。
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applied (adj.) 應(yīng)用的，實用的 application (n.) 應(yīng)用；適用；申請
5. Then, in 1979, the Walkman, a portable pocket-sized cassette tape player, was introduced and became so popular that Walkman was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 1986.
然后在1979年，一種便攜式只有口袋尺寸大小的盒帶播放器，即隨身聽（Walkman）被引進(jìn)，并且變得如此受歡迎，以致于“Walkman”一詞在1986年被收入《牛津英語詞典》。
(1)本句主語為the Walkman，而a portable pocket-sized cassette tape player作其同位語。so…that…意為“如此……以致……”，so 之后接形容詞、副詞或分詞；that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，在日常用語中�？墒÷詔hat。
太陽上的溫度很高，沒有任何東西能以固體的形式存在。
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(2) 辨析：add to… 增加…… add…to… 把……加到……上
add up 加在一起 add up to… 總計……；加起來總和是……
There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added
Part Ⅲ. Word power
Please translate the following into English:
1）在三樓工作 2）部門經(jīng)理
3）電子產(chǎn)品__________________________ 4）家用電器
5）音響器件 6）攝像機(jī)
7）數(shù)碼照相機(jī) 8）移動電話，手機(jī)
9）（冰箱的）冷凍區(qū) 10）電飯鍋
11）微波爐 12）電炒鍋
13）吸塵器 14) 拍攝長達(dá)三分鐘
15）相當(dāng)容易的
Part Ⅳ. Grammar and usage---Prepositions and prepositional phrases
（一）介詞的分類
1. 簡單介詞：at, by, for, from, in, of, on, to, with
2. 復(fù)合介詞：into, onto, within, out of
3. 雙重介詞：from under, since before, until after
4. 短語介詞：in front of, because of, ahead of, according to
注意：有的介詞可以兼作副詞（如：around, over等），有的介詞可以兼作連接詞（如：after, before, until等）。
（二）介詞短語在句中的作用
介詞往往和后面的賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語來充當(dāng)以下成分：
1. 定語 The key to the door is still here.
2. 狀語 The book is very popular with old people.
3. 表語 Japan is to the east of China.
4. 賓補(bǔ) Make yourself at home.
（三）易混介詞
1. at, in, on和by表示時間的區(qū)別
1) at指時間時用于表示：
*時間的一點，時刻等。
They come home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn).
*較短暫的一段時間，可指某個節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的日子。
He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night).
2) in 指時間時用于表示：
*在某個較長的時間（如世紀(jì)、朝代、年、月、及泛指的上午、下午和傍晚等）內(nèi)。
He was born in 1993.
What did you do in the holidays?
*在一段時間之后（常與動詞將來時連用）。
I will finish it in three hours.
3) on指時間時用于表示：
*具體的時日和一個特定的時間，如某日、某節(jié)日、星期幾等。
We began to work on our arrival.
*在某個特定的早晨、下午或晚上。
on the eve of victory 在勝利前夕
*準(zhǔn)（時）、按（時）。
If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark.
4) by指時間時用于表示：
*不遲于，在（某時）前。
He must have finished it by now.
*在……間，在……時候。
He worked by day and slept by night.
2. at, in和on表示地點的區(qū)別
1) at表示地點：
*用于指較小的地方。I shall wait for you at the station.
*用于門牌號碼前。He lives at 115 Jijiang Road.
2) in表示地點：
*用于指較大的地方。He lives in Shanghai.
*雖是很小的地方，如果說話人住在那里，也可用in。商店、機(jī)關(guān)、學(xué)校等，若看作一個地點（point）用at，若看作一個場所（place）用in。比較：
I met him at the post-office.
I’m now working in the post-office.
3) on表示地點，一般指與面或線接觸：
*意為“在……上”。The picture was hanging on the wall.
*意為“在……旁邊”。New York is on the Hudson River.
3. in, to和on在方位名詞前的區(qū)別
1) in表示在范圍內(nèi)
2) to表示在某范圍外的地方
3) on表示“毗鄰”、“接壤”
Mongolia lies the north of China.
Fujian lies the south of China. Fujian lies the south of Zhejiang Province.
4.表示方向的to, for與toward(s)
1)表示來往行動動詞之后，表示行動的方向，常用to。如：
go, come, walk, run, dash, rush, move, fly, return, lead, take
2)表示“起程”、“出發(fā)”、“離開”的動詞之后，多用for。如：leave, start, set off
3)如果動詞之后有“from…to…”這樣的短語,即使是第2)類動詞，也不用for。如：
A new ship set off from England to America on its first trip.
4)在表示“朝……方向”時to與towards是同義詞，�？苫Q。只是 towards僅僅表方向，不表到達(dá)，而to不僅表方向，還可表到達(dá)。
All roads lead to Rome.
It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south.
（四）介詞與某些詞類的搭配
某些詞類對介詞有不同的要求，即要求有固定的介詞與其搭配，構(gòu)成固定用法。
1. 名詞與介詞的固定搭配常見的有：
1)要求to的名詞：key, answer, visit, apology, introduction (the key to the test, business visits to America)
2)要求in的名詞：interest, satisfaction, expert (an expert in teaching small children)
3)要求on的名詞：mercy, congratulation
4)要求其它介詞的名詞：prize for, respect for, victory over, struggle withagainst
5)注意：漢語“的”在英語中可以用多個介詞來表達(dá)。如：
a friend of mine (of表“屬于”) a ticket for tonight (for表“給……用”)
a story about Lei Feng (about表“關(guān)于”) a key to the door (to表“對于”)
a lecture on American history (on表“論述”)
2. 形容詞與介詞的固定搭配常見的有：
1)要求at的形容詞：afraid, angry, good, bad, clever, terrified, surprised
2)要求of的形容詞：afraid, sure, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy, certain
3)要求with的形容詞：angry, strict, careful, busy, popular
4)要求in的形容詞：weak, strict, rich, interested, successful
5)要求to的形容詞：next, good, polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, married, close, near, similar, due
6)要求for的形容詞：sorry, good, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, hungry
7)要求from的形容詞：far, different, free, safe, absent, tired
8)要求about的形容詞：sorry, worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain
9)注意：有時同一形容詞與不同的介詞搭配含義也不同。如：
He is good to her. 他對她友好。
It is good for her. 它對她有益。
PartⅤ. Task and project
Please translate the following into English:
1)主要的考慮________________________ 2)首先，最重要的是
3)特別，尤其 4)額外的功能
5)最適合你叔叔 6)有一個內(nèi)置的揚聲器
7)有一年的保修期____________________ 8)取決于
9)弄糊涂了 10)推薦第一款
11)正反兩反面_______________________ 12)無所顧忌
13)在此之前 14)與吸煙有關(guān)
15)信任他們 16)眼下，暫時
17)未完全發(fā)育 18)危害你的健康
19)向我們提供了一些令人不安的發(fā)現(xiàn)
20)換句話說,帶拍照功能的那一款的價錢是老款的兩倍。
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21)該報告是基于一項在瑞典進(jìn)行的研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)寫成的。
________________________________________________________________________________________________22)輻射量相當(dāng)于每天使用兩次、每次半小時的手機(jī)所接受的輻射。
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23)為什么到現(xiàn)在還沒有確鑿的證據(jù)證明手機(jī)對人們健康有影響呢？
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Part VI. Word study
1. record
vt. vi. 記載，記錄；將（聲音，景象等）錄下
He recorded everything that happened on his travel.
她的演講錄在錄音帶上了。
recordbreaker n.打破記錄者 record player n.電唱機(jī) recorder n.錄音機(jī) recording n. 錄音（制品）
n. [c] [u] 記錄，記載（與of連用）；履歷，經(jīng)歷；成績；唱片
His wife keeps a record of their daily expenses.
她保持著100米的世界記錄。
break/ beat the record打破記錄 hold the record保持記錄
set up the record創(chuàng)記錄 keep a record of sth.把某事記錄下來
make a record制作唱片 the records of one’s life
a music record on record
2. demand
vt. 要求，需要
教師的工作需要極大的細(xì)心和耐心。
n. [c] [u]要求，需要
in great demand of… make demand on sb.向某人求助
滿足……的要求
demanding adj. （對人）苛刻的，要求高的
注意：
(1) demand后的從句要用(should)+do的虛擬語氣。
老師要求我們下課后交上作業(yè)。
(2) demand后接動詞不定式，即demand to do sth.（但不能接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，如需類似表述，則用賓語從句），不接動名詞。
The captain came down and demanded to know what was going on.
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(3) 其后接名詞作賓語時，結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為：demand sth. of from sb.
I demanded an answer of from him.
(4) demand作名詞時，后面接for。
There is a great demand for the books.
但demand用在介詞短語中就應(yīng)用of。in great demand of…
我們非常需要書本。
3.degree
n. 等級；程度；度數(shù)；學(xué)位
an angle of ninety degrees
To what degree is she interested in films?
The students show various degrees of skill in doing the experiments.
今天氣溫比昨天高2度。
他通過了考試，現(xiàn)在他有了碩士學(xué)位。
4. 辨析：electronic, electric, electrical, electricity
(1) electronic adj. 電子的
電子計算機(jī) electronic organ
電子設(shè)備
(2) electric adj. 電的，帶電的，電力的（用于兩種情況：一是指可發(fā)電的東西；二是指靠電力操作或由電力產(chǎn)生的東西。）
一個發(fā)電站 an electric wire
電燈 an electric fan
(3) electrical adj. 電的，電氣科學(xué)的（指與電力有關(guān)的物品或人員）
electrical engineering 一位電氣工程師
electricity n. [u] 電，電學(xué)，電流，靜電，電荷，熱情
電源已被切斷好幾天了。
5. certain
adj. (1) [作表語] 確定的，無疑的，確信的
be certain to do…; be certain (that…); be certain of/ about sth.
他一定會同意的。
I’m certain that she saw me.
(2) [作定語] 一定來到，發(fā)生或生效的，有把握的
There’s no certain care for this disease.
(3) [作定語] 某一，某種；某些，一點
一個姓史密斯的
她對我的態(tài)度有點冷淡。
pron. certain of… （人或物中的）某些
Certain of those peasants had too much to drink.
for certain 無疑地，確定地
我說不準(zhǔn)他什么時候到。
make certain (that…) 弄清楚，弄明白
make certain of sth./ of doing sth. 采取行動以便正確有把握地做事
辨析：certain和sure
兩者用法通常相同。
They’re sure/ certain to be late.
I’m sure/ certain (that) they will be late.
另外，sure+ that 句型中主語必須是人，通常不說It is sure that…，可用It is certain that…。
肯定會有一些錯誤發(fā)生。
be certain/ sure to do…, 其主語可以是人或物，表示說話人推測“一定，必然會”，重點是“將要發(fā)生什么事”；be certain/ sure of…, 主語一般是人，主語感到有把握，重點是“某個人的思想狀態(tài)”。
這支隊肯定要贏。
First, he was certain/ sure of winning. Later, he began to lose confidence.
Part VII. Exercises
A. 單項選擇：
1. It was some time we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
2. They had a pleasant chat a cup of tea.
A. for B. with C. during D. over
3. The manager, it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making
4. If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.
A. in which B. what C. when D. where
5. Energy drinks are not allowed in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making
6. I haven’t seen of her films, but judging from the one I have seen I think she’s a promising actress.
A. any B. both C. none D. either
7. Nothing else more important than water in the place like a desert.
A. we can’t find B. can’t we find C. can we find D. we can find
8. About 700 people crowded in Houston, waving flags and holding signs, “Welcome Home, Astronauts!” when Discovery’s astronauts arrived for a celebration.
A. to read B. being read C. reading D. to be read
9. －Have you known the result of the Chinese team at Singapore Open Badminton Tournament?
－It three titles, I remember clearly.
A. would win B. had won C. will win D. won
10. －Jim, have you finished reading Harry Potter and Half-Blood Prince?
－No. I my father on the farm all day yesterday.
A. would help B. had helped C. was helping D. have been helping
11. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help there is human suffering.
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
12. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
13. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why B. that C. where D. because
14. It remains whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
15. －When do we need to pay the balance?
－ September 30.
A. In B. By C. During D. Within
16. According to official survey conducted by a committee, large ice cream producers usually
have better production record.
A. an; the B. /; a C. an; a D. the; the
17. It is difficult for any of us to eat better, exercise more, and sleep enough, we know we should.
A. because B. even though C. as if D. unless
18. －Do you have any blouses in yellow?
－Sorry, we don’t. What about this cream color?
－It well with almost anything.
A. goes B. puts C. does D. gets
19. It is that he’ll come tomorrow.
A. sure of B. certain about C. certain D. sure about
20. I felt quite what I was supposed to do then.
A. unsure of B. uncertain about C. certain D. sure
21. Only high officials had access the president.
A. to B. for C. on D. in
22. They drove along with all the car windows .
A. wound up B. winding on C. winded up D. wind up
23. Scientific experiments students without the teacher’s instructions can be dangerous.
A. carry out B. carrying out by C. carrying by D. carried out by
24. Please apply some medicine his wound.
A. on B. for C. to D. in
25. The accident is reported to have occurred the first Sunday in February.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
B. 用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空：
1. His knowledge of French literature is superior mine.
2. For the whole summer, the college student worked a shop-assistant.
3. The newly constructed buildings add greatly the beauty of this city.
4. The youth are always compared the rising sun.
5. The man is dressed up red clothes.
C. 單詞拼寫：
1. P , I don’t like him at all.
2. I am not very f with botanical names.
3. He left for a v of reasons.
4. Big men are not （必定）strong men.
5. I keep my reference books near my desk for （方便）.
模塊七 Unit 1 Living with technology 學(xué)案參考答案
Language points
1. The sports meeting will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain.
His illness was due to smoking and drinking.
It is uncertain whether he’ll come tomorrow.
I’m sure/ certain that he’ll come tomorrow.
2. More than one house has been burnt in the fire.
They were more than glad to help.
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.
僅僅，不過 不超過
He said he would come; he didn’t though.
Though the water is deep, yet it is clear.
3. In my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior to those made by machine.
We will need a letter of recommendation from one of your superiors.
4. The results of this research will be applied to the treatment of lung cancer.
I will apply to the company for the job.
He applied himself to his new job.
5. The temperature in the sun is so high that nothing can exist in solid state.
D
Word study
1. 他把旅途中發(fā)生的每件事都記錄了下來。
Her speech was recorded on a tape.
他妻子將日常開銷都記錄下來。
She holds the world record for the 100 meters.
某人生活的紀(jì)錄 音樂唱片 有紀(jì)錄的，記錄在案的
2. The work of a teacher demands great care and patience.
非常需要…… meet the demand of…
The teacher demanded that we (should) hand in our homework after class.
船長下來要求知道發(fā)生了什么事。
非常需要書本。
We are in great demand of the books.
3．90度的角
她對電影的興趣都到什么程度了？
學(xué)生們做實驗時表現(xiàn)出各種不同程度的技巧。
The temperature today is two degrees hotter than yesterday.
He passed his examinations and now he has the degree of Master.
4. an electronic computer 電子琴 electronic equipment
an electric station 電線 an electric light 電風(fēng)扇
電工學(xué) an electrical engineer
The electricity has been cut off for several days.
5. He is certain to agree.
她看見我了，這一點我是可以肯定的。
這種病沒有特效藥。
a certain Smith
There was a certain coldness in her attitude towards me.
I couldn’t say for certain when he will arrive.
他們一定遲到。 我肯定他們得遲到。
It is certain that some mistakes will occur.
The team are sure/ certain to win.
開始他有把握贏的，后來他開始失去信心了。
Exercises
(A)1-5 DDBDB 6-10 BCCDC 11-15 DDBBB 16-20 CBACB 21-25 AADCB
(B) to as to to in
(C) Personally familiar variety necessarily convenience