Unit 3 Understanding each other 課文導(dǎo)學(xué)
主備人： 單小玲
1 Yeah, people get used to it. 人們已經(jīng)對(duì)它習(xí)慣了。
get used to = be used to +sth/ doing 習(xí)慣于
be used to do 被用來(lái)做
used to do 過(guò)去常常
我們習(xí)慣吃過(guò)晚飯后坐在一起唱歌。_we det used to sitting together and singing songs after supper.
這種藥被用來(lái)治療愛(ài)滋病。 _This medicine is used to cure AIDS.
他年輕時(shí)常常游泳。 _He used to go swimming when he was young.
2 In South American, you can expect to be hugged when you meet someone. 在南美洲你與某人想見(jiàn)時(shí)， 你會(huì)得到他的擁抱。
（1） 句中can用于肯定句表示客觀的（理論的）可能性，并不涉及具體事情的發(fā)生，此種用法常�？梢哉f(shuō)明人或事物的特征。
A left-luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
(2) expect vt 期望,盼望
expect sth 期盼,盼望某事
expect to do sth 指望,盼望做某事
expect sb to do sth 指望某人干
expect sth of/ from sb 對(duì)某人有指望,期望
expect that
他在盼著考試成績(jī). He is expecting the result of the exam.
你不能指望在一星期內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)一門(mén)外語(yǔ). You can’t expect to learn a foreign language in a week.
他指望我?guī)椭黾彝プ鳂I(yè). He expects me to help him with his homework.
父母總是對(duì)自己的子女期望過(guò)高.Parents always expect too much from their children.
別對(duì)他抱多大的希望.Don’t expect too much from him.
When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _C____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006上海)
A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected
3 He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topics. 每當(dāng)談到這個(gè)話題時(shí)他就格外興奮.
(1)whenever相當(dāng)于 no matter when, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句.
無(wú)論你何時(shí)見(jiàn)到那個(gè)女孩, 她總是面帶微笑.
_Whenever you meet the girl, she is always wearing a smile.
(2) whenever it comes to … 是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)句型,意為: 無(wú)論何時(shí)談及, 當(dāng)談到什么的時(shí)候
當(dāng)談到錢(qián)時(shí),大家都嚴(yán)肅起來(lái)._Whenever it comes to money, everyone is serious._
(3) come to ①談及,談到; ② 來(lái)到某地; ③ 總計(jì),總共;④ 蘇醒過(guò)來(lái),恢復(fù)知覺(jué);⑤達(dá)到, 得到結(jié)果
when it comes to politics, I know nothing. ( 1 )
The performance of the play has come to its climax. ( 5 )
His earnigns come to＄60,000 a year. ( 3 )
In a few moments he came to himself. ( 4 )
As he came to the bridge, he heard a train approaching. ( 2 )
4 The British teacher didn’t know what he was talking about or what Thanksgiving wan held in celebration of. 而英國(guó)教師就不知道對(duì)方在談什么,也不知道為什么要過(guò)感恩節(jié).
(1)本句中有兩個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,第一個(gè)what 做 _about的賓語(yǔ)_, 第二個(gè)what 做 _of的賓語(yǔ)______.
(2) in celebration of 慶祝
People spend Christmas in celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ.
_人們過(guò)圣誕節(jié)是為了慶祝耶酥的誕生。
為了慶祝今天的勝利我們打算舉辦一個(gè)晚會(huì)。
_We’re going to hold a party in celebration of today’s victory._____________
注意比較: celebrate表“慶祝”，賓語(yǔ)是事，即后接sth. 其名詞構(gòu)成的詞組為：have/hold a celebration(舉行慶祝會(huì)) in celebration of…（為了慶祝…）congratulate表“祝賀”其賓語(yǔ)是受到祝賀的人，可組成短語(yǔ)congratulate sb. on sth./doing… 名詞congratulation可構(gòu)成短語(yǔ): congratulations to sb. on sth./doing…
5 It’s to do with celebrating the first harvest after the settlers from Europe went to live in the USA. 感恩節(jié)與從歐洲遷入美國(guó)大陸居住的首批移民遷居后慶祝他們第一個(gè)豐收有關(guān)。
It’s to do with = it has something to do with 和… 有關(guān)
have后還可接 much, a lot, a great deal 與…有很大關(guān)系
這和我沒(méi)多大關(guān)系。 _This doesn’t have much to do with me.
have nothing/ little with 與。。。沒(méi)有聯(lián)系_
The organization declares that it has nothing to do with the terrorist attack.
_那個(gè)組織聲稱它與這起恐怖襲擊無(wú)關(guān)。_
6 If I got married in the UK, I would expect a present , but if I got married in Italy, I would have to give a present. 如果我在英國(guó)結(jié)婚,我會(huì)收到客人的禮物;而如果我在意大利結(jié)婚,我得給客人禮物.
(1) 本句是條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反. 其基本句型為:
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反: if + 主語(yǔ)+v-ed, 主語(yǔ) + would/could/should + v
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反: if + 主語(yǔ)+had done, 主語(yǔ) + would/could/should + have done
如文中的:
If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about.
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:if +主語(yǔ)+v-ed/should+v/were to +v, 主語(yǔ)+ would/could/should + v
如果明天下雨,我們就不上體育課了.
_If it should rain tomorrow, we would not have PEclass.__
(2) get married 結(jié)婚,也可以說(shuō) be married
和…結(jié)婚 be married to sb/ marry sb
她希望嫁給一個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁. _She hope to marry a millionaire.
Cinderella got married to the Prince in the end. _最終灰姑娘嫁給了王子。
7 Getting things wrong can be quite embarrassing! 弄錯(cuò)事情是很難堪的!
embarrasse 使…難堪，窘迫
你是想讓我難堪嗎？ _Are you trying to embarrass me?
embarrassing 令人難堪的 an embarrassing question _令人難堪的問(wèn)題
be embarrassed about 對(duì)…感到尷尬，窘迫的
他對(duì)自己的衣著感到尷尬。_He was embarrassed about his dressing._
8 It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.
看新來(lái)的外教努力適應(yīng)這個(gè)動(dòng)作的樣子很滑稽。
adjust ①整理，整頓；②校準(zhǔn)，調(diào)準(zhǔn)；③適應(yīng)（adapt）
adjust sth/oneself to sth/doing
剎車（brake）需要調(diào)節(jié)了。_The brakes need adjusting.__
She carefully adjusted her clothes and hair before going out.
_她出去之前很仔細(xì)的整理了衣服和頭發(fā)。_
身體很快適應(yīng)了氣溫的變化。
_Body adjusted to the change of weather._
9 Another thing is, should you come to Brunei, you would have to take off your shoes before going into someone’s house! 還有一件事是，如果你來(lái)到文萊，你進(jìn)別人家門(mén)前得脫鞋！
（1）本句是一個(gè)非真實(shí)條件句，if被省略，在這種情況下句子要進(jìn)行部分倒裝。本句可改寫(xiě)成：If you should come to Brunei, you should have to take off your shoes before going into someone’s house.
Should there be a good film on tomorrow, I would go to the cinema with you.(rewrite) _If there should be a good film on tomorrow,…___
If I were you, I would not do it. (rewrite) _Were I you …
（2）take off ① 脫掉；②起飛；③（指觀念、產(chǎn)品等）突然大受歡迎，急升
這部字典極受歡迎。_The dictionary has really taken off.__
Sales of home computers have taken off in recent years.
__家庭電腦的銷售量近來(lái)上升很快。_
take短語(yǔ)歸納:
take away 除掉, 帶走 take back 收回 take down 取下, 拆除, 記下
take in 吸取, 理解, 欺騙 take on 呈現(xiàn), 接納 take over 接管, 管理
take up 舉起, 拿起 占據(jù), 從事 take out 取出
10 It’s time for me to logg off. 我該下線了。
log in/on : 注冊(cè)，登記 log off/out下線，退出，注銷
Log on using your name and password. __用你的名字和密碼登陸。
Project
1 You will stay in igloo( house made from snow) or tents and wear clothers made fron animal skins. 你將住在用雪砌成的拱形圓小屋里，或是居住在帳篷里，穿著用動(dòng)物毛皮縫制的衣服。
句中be made from 是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾clothers
be made from 用…制成，（看不見(jiàn)原材料）be made of 用…制成（看得見(jiàn)原材料）
鹽是用海水制成的。 _salt is made from sea water.
這張桌子是木頭做的。 The table is made of wood._
2 The Inuit usually live in small family groups but have large summer gatherings for feasts and elebrations where they swap stories. 因紐特人通常按照小家庭單位居住和生活，但會(huì)舉行大型夏日聚會(huì)，大家享受豐盛的食物，舉行慶賀活動(dòng)，同時(shí)相互講故事。
句中where 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾feasts and celebrations. where 相當(dāng)于in which.
Hawking, the world- famous astronomer, has written a book, where he descibes blackholes in the universe. where= in the book
3 Here you will have the chance to see Aboriginal ceremies with singing and dancing based on ancient Aboriginal beliefs. 在這里，你將有機(jī)會(huì)目睹基于古老的土著信仰之上的，人們又唱又跳的土著儀式。
（1） 其中with singing and dancing based on ancient Aboriginal beliefs 是介詞短語(yǔ)修飾Aboriginal ceremies， based on ancient Aboriginal beliefs 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾singing and dancing。
（2） base on 以…為根據(jù)，以…為基礎(chǔ)
這個(gè)電影是以事實(shí)為依據(jù)的 _The movie is based on a true story._
A judge should base his jugdement on the facts and laws.
法官應(yīng)該以事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，以法律為準(zhǔn)繩。
4 New Zealand is home to the Maori tribe. 新西蘭是毛利民族的家園。
be home to + 表示單位，機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱，意為 是…的所在地，總部，基地
地球是人類的家園。_the earth is home to mankind._
Hawaii is home to the US Pacific Fleet. _夏威胰是美國(guó)太平洋艦隊(duì)的基地。
5 They brought with them a Polynesia culture rich in song, dance, carving and weaving. 他們給新西蘭帶來(lái)了在歌舞，雕刻和編織方面有豐富內(nèi)涵的波利尼西亞文化。
(1) bring sth with sb ,當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)sth過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)，可將其后置。
那個(gè)人經(jīng)常隨身帶把雨傘。_the man always brings an umbrella with him.__
When going camping, we have to bring with us a tent, strong shoes and enough food. _在野營(yíng)時(shí)，我們需要帶上帳篷，結(jié)實(shí)的楔子和足夠的食物。
(2)本句中的rich in song, dance, carving and weaving作定語(yǔ)修飾Polynesia culture
be rich in 在…方面很豐富，富饒
這個(gè)國(guó)家自然資源很豐富。 _this country is rich in natural rescources._
西安是一個(gè)富有傳統(tǒng)的城市。__Xi’an ia a city rich in traditions._