Unit 1 Women of achievement
Ｉ．單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)
技能目標(biāo)Skill Goals
1．to talk about some women of great achievement, their experiences, and their special qualities.
2．to practise describing people Describe people from their life, personality and character
3．Revision of Word-formation: noun suffix
4． Revision of Subject-verb agreement
II． 目標(biāo)語言
功 能句 式 Describing people
What does she look like? What do you think about ...?
Why do you admire her? How would you describe her?
Why did she choose to ...? What are her strengths?
What are her weaknesses? How do her friends describe her ?
詞
匯 1. 四會詞匯
achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, specialist, behave, behavior, worthwhile, nest, observe, observation, respect, argue, entertainment, inspire, support, communication, strike, upon, article, explain, rate, medical, kindness, consideration, deliver, modest, considerate
2. 認(rèn)讀詞匯
Elizabeth Fry, Quaker, Nobel Peace Prize, China Welfare Institute, Jane Goodall, chimp, Jody Williams, landmine, Joan of Arc, Gombe National Park, specialize, career, determination, personality
3. 詞組
devote ... to, look down upon/on, care for, deliver a baby, chosen career, be busy in doing sth, catch one’s eye, cut the death rate down, keep the baby clean and healthy, be intended for, carry on
語
法 Word formation: Noun Suffix
Subject-verb agreement
1. Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest.
2. Our group includes six boys and five girls.
3. Nobody before has fully understood chimp behavior.
重 點(diǎn) 句 子 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2
2. Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2
3. But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2
4．It struck me like lightning how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women’s education was always placed second to men’s.
難
句 1. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. P2
2. For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. P2
3. ... it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women’s education was always placed second to men’s. P6
4. But it was not her success at university that had made her famous.
Teaching key points and difficult points:
1. To revise something about great women.
2. To review the use of the Subject-verb agreement.
3. To master some words and expressions.
Teaching plans: 4 periods
第一課時(shí)：話題詞匯及及開展同類文章的課外閱讀，進(jìn)一步提升這一類文章的閱讀技能。
第二、三課時(shí)：單元詞匯及重點(diǎn)實(shí)用句型
第四課時(shí)：課堂檢測及單元語法
Part 1 Vocabulary for the topic
Step 1 Revision
How many words can you remember for one’s quality?(供參考)
ambitious 有雄心壯志的 considerate 體貼的 cooperative 有合作精神的
creative 富創(chuàng)造力的 devoted 有獻(xiàn)身精神的 energetic 精力充沛的
dependable/ reliable可靠的/可信賴的 enthusiastic 充滿熱情的
well-educated 受過良好教育的 hard-working 勤勞 humorous 幽默的 independent 有主見的 knowledgeable 有見識的 loyal 忠心耿耿的
just 正直的 learned 精通某門學(xué)問的 painstaking 辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的 qualified 合格sincere 真誠的 strong-willed 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的
sweet-tempered 性情溫和的 tireless 孜孜不倦的outstanding 杰出的
Step 2 Warming up
Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of England, was Britain’s first female prime minister, and first British prime minister in the twentieth（twenty） century to win three consecutive terms. A lawyer Margaret first entered Parliament in 1958, eventually serving (serve) in a variety of ministerial posts. In 1974 she was elected (seclect) leader of the Conservative Party, and brought her party to victory in 1979. Espousing（supporting） conservative ideals of based on free enterprise, she advocated public spending cuts, limited money supply, and raised interest rates. Her privatization programs led to union opposition, labor unrest, and high unemployment rates. She earned the nickname “The Iron Lady” because of her hard line against the USSR over their invasion of Afghanistan(阿富汗), and because when Argentina challenged Britain’s right to the Falkland Islands, she went to war. In 1990 she resigned her prime minister, although she stayed in Parlisment until 1992.
Step 3 Discussion
1. Do you think women are as important and equal as men? Why?
(Yes, I think so.) Men and women are born equal, also women are as important as men. All the time, women have been working very hard for their equal rights. And now they are playing a more and more important role in the society. As a Chinese saying goes, “Women can hold up half of the sky”. However, things are not always going on well. For example, British women are increasingly taking managerial roles but are still being paid less than men, according to a survey published on the Internet, while another said working mothers felt overworked and undervalued.
2. What kind of a woman do you think is a great one?
As great women, they don't care for themselves at all, and at some point or rather, they must give some sacrifices, just like Lin Qiaozhi, she devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead, she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered to their mothers. Not all people can do this. Once they have chosen their careers, they would carry on with them without any withdrawal(撤退). /they will devote all their lives to the work or experiment they are interested in. Though they may suffer a lot, they will never lose heart. What they did is encouraging thousands of people to continue their careers. Those who are only famous but not great can't be matched.
In a word, determination, devotion, unselfishness and love for others may be what great women have in common.
3. Is it easier or more difficult for a woman to be successful? Why?
I think it’s more difficult for women to be successful because women are treated to be weaker than men both physically and mentally. In modern times, many families in the countryside prefer boys to girls. Women are still looked down upon. As a result, women’s education is not paid enough attention to, which makes them have more difficulties on their way to achieve their dreams. What’s worse, women are often allowed to behave as they like. They often limit their lives and roles at home because since a long time ago the kitchen has been the place which belongs to women whose duty seems to focus on their housework, only to look after husband and children.
As a matter of fact, women are as clever as men. What’s more, women are more diligent and tolerant. Take Jane Goodall for example, she spent forty years helping change the people’s attitude towards animals and achieved everything she wanted to do. So I believe that women are sure to make a great difference as long as they keep trying.
Step 3 NMET- linking
高考閱讀理解 07重慶C、07山東 C、06（附加高考完型填空實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練）
Part 2 Reading
Step1 Practice
Ⅰ. 按要求寫單詞鞏固練習(xí)：(活學(xué)活用名家)
1. 注意，觀察 v. observe n. observation observer
2. 尊重，敬重 v. respect a. respectful respectable
3. 考慮，細(xì)想 v. consider n. consideration
(show / give consideration to sb./sth. 體諒/考慮某人（某事）
a. considerable considerate
4. 組織 v. organize n. organization organizer
5. 行為，舉止 v. behave n. behaviour
II. 重點(diǎn)詞組 （見 《名家指路》P112 ）
Step 2 詞語辨析
1. condition, state, situation,
You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
They were silent a long time, in a state of painful hesitating and doubt.
他們處于一種痛苦的躊躇與疑慮狀態(tài)中，長時(shí)間的相對無語。
The present situation calls for entirely new measures.
I’ve had no exercise for ages; I’m really out of condition.
1) situation “形勢，狀況，事態(tài)”，較狹義指某一時(shí)間由各種情況造成的“處境、形勢”
2）state指人和事物所處的“狀況，狀態(tài)”（= condition ）, 此外，還表示思想、情感、心理等狀態(tài)。
3) condition 指條件、情況、狀況, 其單數(shù)指人或物所處的狀況； 還常著重于一定原因或條件造成的狀態(tài)，如人的健康狀況。物的完好程度，設(shè)備的可用性等，其復(fù)數(shù)指一般，籠統(tǒng)的情況。
2. argue, quarrel, discuss, debate
Have you discussed when you will start the project?
They were quarrelling with each other about whose trrn it was to cook the dinner.
The subject was hotly debated last year.
He argued that this experiment could be done in another way.
1) argue 重在就自己的看法、立場提出論證說理，以説服他人。
2) quarrel 重在為瑣事而進(jìn)行的爭吵
3) discuss 重在交換意見，進(jìn)行討論，不含有説服對方的成分。
4) debate 重在正式場合，和意見對立的一方進(jìn)行全面、徹底的辯論，重在各述理由，雙方交鋒。
3. inspire，encourage
He encouraged me to apply for the job.
This poet was inspired by natural scenery and wrote many great poems.
encourage用作“鼓勵(lì)、激勵(lì)”時(shí)，相當(dāng)inspire；但encourage時(shí)普通用語，重在信心鼓勵(lì)；而inspire較正式，重在行動(dòng)和啟發(fā)靈感。
4. spend, cost, take, pay, pay for
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.
It took me ten mintes to go to the post office.
You’ll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.
It cost him ten years of work.
He spent much money in buying a new car.
1) spend 主語時(shí)“人”，賓語可是錢、精力或時(shí)間等，常是spend … on sth. , spend … (in) doing sth. ，不可以帶不定式。
2) cost, 主語時(shí)物或事，表示“費(fèi)用，耗費(fèi)”，后接life, money, health, time 等，著重于“花費(fèi)”的代價(jià)。
It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship.
（注意：cost 后不能與具體的時(shí)間長度連用，只能與表示抽象概念的時(shí)間短語連用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work等。）
3) take, 表示“花費(fèi)”時(shí)，其主語一般時(shí)“事”，有時(shí)主語可時(shí)人，說明事情完成”花費(fèi)了…”
Going to the post office took me ten minutes.
The productor took two years to make the film.
( take … to do側(cè)重完成該動(dòng)作花費(fèi)的時(shí)間，而spend … doing sth. 有時(shí)并不說明動(dòng)作的完成。)
4) pay (sb money) for的賓語是“物，事”，for 表示支付的原因。
Step 3 Important sentences
1.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.
2. It struck me like lightning how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women’s education was always placed second to men’s.
3. This means going back to a place where we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before.
4. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
5. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies….
6. But it was not her success at university that made her famous.
重點(diǎn)句子拓展：
1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our….. 今天我們的第一件事是......
動(dòng)名詞作主語, 主語是由不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句構(gòu)成的，謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)。
Working with you（與你一起工作） is pleasant. Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。
2. 第一個(gè)it 在此處作為形式主語, 真正的主語為how引導(dǎo)的從句。 第二個(gè)it代替動(dòng)詞不定式for a woman to get a medical training。當(dāng)真實(shí)主語由動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示時(shí)，常用it作形式主語。
It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
每天做些運(yùn)動(dòng)對我們來說是很有必要的。
3. 由定語從句修飾的place做go的賓語, leave +賓語+doing/adj. 讓…保持某種狀態(tài)或做某事 eg. His illness has left him weak. 他的病使他身體很弱。
They went off and left me sitting there all by myself.
他們離開了，留下我獨(dú)自坐在那里。
5. It was a small book explaining…
a. explaining為-ing形式作定語，修飾book。-ing形式作定語常表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)的行為，相當(dāng)于謂語動(dòng)詞為進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般時(shí)的定語從句，有時(shí)也可以表示一個(gè)與謂語不同時(shí)的行為。例如：
Who is the man sitting (sit) in the corner? 坐在角落；的那個(gè)人是誰？
Women caring (care) for patients in hospitals are called nurses.
醫(yī)院里照料病人的婦女叫護(hù)士。
b. explain后接名詞、代詞、從句、wh-+to do作賓語。explain不能跟雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu), 只能說explain sth. to sb.或explain to sb./ sth.
He explained to us how to use the computer.
Assignment
1. Finish the exercises in our reference book.( <名家指路> P114)
2. Translate the following sentences
1) 他全身心幫助艾滋病患者。He devoted all his time to helping people with AIDS.
2) 我們必須關(guān)心環(huán)境保護(hù)。
We must concern ourselves with environmental protection.
3). 他老是和妻子為如何花錢而爭吵。(argue)
He is always arguing with his wife about how to spend money.
4) 努力改善這個(gè)工廠工人們的勞動(dòng)條件是值得做的事。(worthwhile; condition)
It is worthwhile to improve the working conditions for the workers of this factory. (It’s worthwhile doing/to do sth. be (well) worth doing... 值得做...... be worthy of being done/to be done 值得被做)
5) 她的精神鼓舞了許多人將他們一生都奉獻(xiàn)給自己的事業(yè)。(inspire, devote… to…;career)
Her spirit inspired many people to devote themselves to their own career.
6) 她不喜歡被人看不起。( look down upon )
She doesn’t like being looked down upon.
7) 我迫不及待地想擁有自己的電腦。 (can’t wait to do sth.; of one’s own)
I can’t wait to have a computer of my own.
Part 3 Grammar
Subject-verb agreement
主謂一致：指句子的主語與謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)的方面的一致關(guān)系，該關(guān)系遵循以下原則：
1） 語法一致原則：主語的中心詞和謂語動(dòng)詞在單，復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致
a. 以kind, type, pair, piece等與of構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，謂語與of前面的名詞保持一致
eg. Machines of this new type are made in Wuhan.
b. 主語后有as well as, but, except, other than, rather than, besides, (together)with, including, along with, like, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，謂語與這些詞前面的主語保持一致
eg. No one but your parents was there then.
You, rather than him, are to blame.
c. 以to do, v-ing或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。(what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞也可根據(jù)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中表語名詞的數(shù)來決定。)
eg. Skating in winter is great fun.
What I saw in the room was/were two chairs.
2) 就近原則：謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近動(dòng)詞的名詞或代詞。
a. 由not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…,…or…,not…but…等連接的并列主語，謂動(dòng)通常依據(jù)就近原則。
eg. Either you or I am mad.
Neither I or you have passed the exam.
b. 在there be句型中，主語為并列成分時(shí)，謂語常與緊靠的那個(gè)部分一致。
eg. There is a book and two pens on the desk.
There are two pens and a book on the desk.
3) 意義一致原則：主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系取決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)意義。
a. 以“all, half, most, part, percent, some, lot of, the rest, the last, the remainder，mojority等 +of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，謂語與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
eg. The rest of money belongs to you.
The rest of the students were not interested in the poems the teacher taught.
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.
Three-fifths of the workers here are women.
b. 有生命的詞，如cattle, police, people等做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。無生命的詞，如machinery(機(jī)械），goods(商品、貨物）等做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)
eg. All the machinery in this factory is made in China.
c. “the+形容詞/過去分詞”表示一類人或事物時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；若指某一抽象概念，則用單數(shù)。
d. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、計(jì)量、空間、體積等意義的名詞做主語，謂動(dòng)常用單數(shù)。
eg. Ten miles is a god distance.十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)穆烦獭?/p>
e. audience, class, crowd, committee, family, team, group, army, police等做主語時(shí)，如指整體，謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)；如指全體中的每一個(gè)成員，謂動(dòng)則用復(fù)數(shù)。
eg. The football team is being recognized.
The football team are having baths and are coming back here for tea.
另外，every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 等短 語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞, 整個(gè)短語在句中作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞常使用單數(shù)。
Eg. Each man and each woman is asked to attend.
many a, more than one, one and a half與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語, 謂語用單數(shù)。 Many a boy has seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。
2. 在下列情形，動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語的意思：
用法 例句
1 N and N + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞 →
表示同一人物或觀點(diǎn) A poet and novelist has visited our school.
一位詩人兼小說家參觀了我們學(xué)校。
N and N + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 →
表示不同人物或觀點(diǎn) A poet and a novelist have visited our school.
一位詩人和一位小說家參觀了我們學(xué)校。
2 class / family / audience... + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞
→ 表示整體 His family is a big one.
他的家族是個(gè)大家族。
class / family / audience... + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 → 表示個(gè)體 His family are all well.
他的家人都很好。
3 a. The + adj. + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞 →
表示“抽象概念或品質(zhì)” The beautiful is the true.
美就是真。
b. The + adj.+ 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 →
表示該類全體（指人） The rich are not always happy.
有錢的人未必是快樂的。
Exercises:
一， 請用括號內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：
1. Every boy and every girl likes(like) the film star.
2. Not only the students but also their teacher is(be) enjoying the film.
3. --Where are (be) my glasses?
-- There is (be) a pair of thick glasses.
4. Three fourths of the workers in the factory are(be) women.
5. She is the only one among the women writers who writes (write) stories for children.
6. Many a comrade has (have) that of opportunity.
7. Neither of us has (have) gone through regular training.
8. The last and most difficult lesson is (be) Lesson14.
9. Something_has(have) been done to end the strike.
10. The number of the students is(be) 60 and a large number of them have(have) been invited to the party.
11. A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
12. Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.
13. “News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.
14. Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all. Yesterday the family were having dinner when I called.
15. Nobody but Jane knows the secret.
16. When and where to build the new factory is not decided (decide) yet.
(由how and why, when and where引導(dǎo)的從句做主語時(shí)，謂動(dòng)仍用單數(shù)。)
17, What I say and think are (be) none of your business. (在what從句所引導(dǎo)的”主系表“結(jié)構(gòu)中，若從句中具有兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞，主句中謂動(dòng)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù))
18, In that country, the rich become (become) richer and the poor poorer.
19, The useful is (be) not always the beautiful.
基礎(chǔ)寫作： 新華網(wǎng)北京１２月２７日電 巴基斯坦前總理、巴人民黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人貝娜齊爾布托(Bhutto)２７日在首都伊斯蘭堡鄰近的拉瓦爾品第市舉行的競選集會上遇襲身亡�，F(xiàn)就以下信息寫一篇關(guān)于這位偉大女性的短文。
【寫作內(nèi)容】 1953年生于卡拉奇一個(gè)高級官員家庭的貝.布托在政治斗爭中所表現(xiàn)出的勇氣和信心是令人稱道的。她是巴基斯坦第一位女總理。她在巴基斯坦完成早期教育后，進(jìn)入哈佛大學(xué)和牛津大學(xué)深造。她曾于1988年和1993年兩度出任巴基斯坦總理。不幸的是，在她的政治生涯中，她曾多次入獄和被迫流亡到其他國家， 時(shí)間長達(dá)6年之久。然而，她一直致力于從教育、衛(wèi)生、社會福利等方面，使她贏得了“鐵蝴蝶”的稱號。
參考詞匯： 巴基斯坦總理 Pakistani Prime Minister 高級官員a senior official
卡拉奇 Karachi 流亡 exile 社會福利 welfare
Born in a family of a senior official in Karachi in 1953, Bhutto, former Pakistani first female prime minister, was famous for her courage and confidence in the political struggle. After completing her early education in Pakistan, she was admitted to Havard Univesity and Oxford University for further study. She used to be elected as Pakistani Prime Minister in 1988 and 1993. Unfortunately, during her political career, she was put in prison and forced to exile to other countries for several times, which was up to 6 years. However, she devoted all herself to education, health and welfare, which earned her a nickname “The Iron Butterfly”.