Module 1 Unit 1 Friendship
1.add up (把兩個(gè)或以上的數(shù)或量）加起來(lái) add up to 共計(jì)（指加起來(lái)總和是）
add … to 把…… 加到……中 add to=increase 增加，增添
2. without + n./ v-ing There is no smoke without fire.
He went out without speaking He slipped into the room without being notice.
by + doing 借助于， 靠
3. upset adj.心煩意亂，不舒服的，不適的 disturbed /sick
vt.vi 使不安，使心煩，打亂，打翻 (upset-upset- upsetting)
nervous (rather afraid) :在事情發(fā)展過(guò)程中有一種害怕的感覺(jué) à 緊張
anxious(worried): 由于害怕某種事情會(huì)發(fā)生而感到焦急
upset(rather unhappy):由于某事的發(fā)生而感到心煩意亂
4. ignore vt. 不理睬，忽視，對(duì)……裝作不知＋sb/sth
5. calm down vt. Vi. 平靜下來(lái)，使平靜
6. concern vt 涉及n. 關(guān)心，關(guān)注，（利害）關(guān)系
be concerned about/for 關(guān)心，掛念
7. reason 理由,動(dòng)機(jī)（explain why it happens or what causes it happen）決定做某事或
采取某一行動(dòng)的理由，由此而得出結(jié)論或解釋, 具有主觀性。(conclusion) + for
cause 原因 (引起某事的后果或起因,usually a bad event ) 具有客觀性 (effect ) + of
8. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
=While you were walking the dog……
當(dāng)When, while, before, after, once, if, unless, even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可將從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去.
While living in England, he picked up some English.
While asked about her family, she began to cry.
9. share vt.分享，分擔(dān) share…in sth (with sb.) share (in) sth among / between sb.
10.…, like your deepest feelings (feeling) and thoughts. like= such as
a feeling of… have a feeling that… .
show much feeling for…(對(duì)…的感情，同情，體諒 u.n.)
11.go through vt. ①experience ,經(jīng)歷，遭受 ②look at carefully,
③finish sth. or complete sth., use up ④ 穿過(guò)，通過(guò)
12. hide ( hides -- hiding --- hid --- hidden)
hide away + 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) hide away + 賓語(yǔ) 躲藏，隱藏
hide +賓語(yǔ) + away
13. set down= write down = put down
14. a series of = a set of一連串的，一系列，一套
Two series of new stamps have come out.
15. crazy adj. be/grow crazy about/of sth.
be crazy to do sth.
16. stay awake (remain / keep)
17. on purpose 故意
for (the) purpose of 為的是; 為了....起見(jiàn); 為了...的目的
with the purpose of 以(有)......的目的.
18. in order to + do 為了…起見(jiàn)；以便 in order that + 從句
In order to catch the early bus, she got up early.
She got up early so as to/ in order to catch the early bus.
in order not to so as not to
19. dare 情態(tài)mod.v dare do(多用于否定句，疑問(wèn)句，條件狀語(yǔ)從句)
dared do （過(guò)去時(shí)）
dare not do = daren’t do
eg. I daren’t speak to him. No one dared ask him.
實(shí)義vt. dare(s) (to) do
don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t dare( to) do
eg. he will dare any danger. He didn’t dare( to )go.
20. happen to do sth. 碰巧做…..
21.It is /was the first time(second time…) that … have/had done（時(shí)態(tài)用完成時(shí)）
某人第幾次干某事
22. face to face adv. face-to-face adj.
23. put away把…關(guān)起來(lái)，收拾，把…放在一邊
24. according to + n./代詞
25. outdoors --- indoors adv. n. outdoor---- indoor adj.
26. get along (well) with sb. = get on with 與…相處，進(jìn)展
27. fall in love with (表示動(dòng)作)
be in love with (表示狀態(tài))
28. have got to = have to
29. habit 習(xí)慣 have / be in the habit of 有…..的習(xí)慣
get into / form the habit of 養(yǎng)成…..的習(xí)慣
30. Your friend can’t go until he/she finishes claening the bicycle.
a…..not….until….
b. It is not until he/she finishes claening the bicycle that your friend can go.
c. Not until he/she finishes claening the bicycle can your friend go.
31.There is /was a time when….. 有段時(shí)間怎么了….
Module 1 Unit 2 English around the world
1. more than
①more than +數(shù)詞= over …. 以上, 超過(guò)，多于， ….有余
By then he was more than fifty years old.
②more than + 名詞 不只，不僅僅，超過(guò)，遠(yuǎn)不止 (not only)
Helen and Mary are more than classmates. They are close friends.
③more than + 動(dòng)詞 十分， 大大地， 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地，極大地 (much)
He more than smiled; he laughed outright.
What he did more than satisfied me.
④more than + adj./adv. 非常，十分， 更加， 深為 (very)
I’m more than happy to hear that. He is more than selfish.
When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come.
⑤more than one 名詞單數(shù)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) “不止一個(gè)，不只一個(gè)”
More than one person has known it.
no more than 只是,僅僅，只不過(guò) not more than 至多，最多，不超過(guò)
2. in (some important )…way(s) / by…means 在……方面
3.one another = each other 彼此，相互之間
4. include including sth. sth included contain
1）用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“ 包括；包含”，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
2）include 還可作“ 包含于…里面；算入”講，常與in, on, among 介詞等連用。
5.play a role / part ( in ) 意為“ 在……中擔(dān)任角色；在……中起作用”。
take (on) /perform a role 扮演角色 a leading/starting role 主角
6. Because of +sth. / v-ing / what ( n. clause)
Because + 句子
7. nearly 與 almost
（1）兩者通用的場(chǎng)合。a.在肯定句中。 b.修飾all, every, always 等時(shí)。
c.在行為動(dòng)詞的否定式前時(shí)。
（2）只用 almost 的場(chǎng)合。
a.和any, no, none, nothing, nobody, nowhere, never 等連用時(shí)。
b.和too, more than 等連用時(shí)。 c.和表示感覺(jué)或心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。
（3）只用nearly的場(chǎng)合。 a.被 very, not, pretty等修飾時(shí)。
b.和具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)（nearly常用）。
8. than ever before 比以往任何時(shí)候更……
在比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中，副詞 ever 與比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)連用，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣.
ever在不同句型中的意義： 1）曾經(jīng)；以前（用于疑問(wèn)句）
2）無(wú)論什么時(shí)候都（不）（用語(yǔ)否定句） 3）曾經(jīng)（用于if 從句）
4）到底；究竟（用于特殊疑問(wèn)句） 5）永遠(yuǎn)；老是（用于肯定句）
9. for example 同類的“一個(gè)”，用逗號(hào)隔開，可置于句首，句中和句末
such as 只能舉其中一部分，不能全部舉出。
10. come up 上來(lái), 走近; 被提出; 發(fā)芽; 升起
11.(1) even if ( = even though ): in spite of the fact; no matter whether 即使；盡管
是連詞詞組，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；若主、從句皆表示將來(lái)情況，從句中可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。
(2) even if 從句所說(shuō)的不那么肯定。 even though 從句是事實(shí)。
12. So why has English changed over time? over= throughout / during
13. actually = in fact = as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
14. base on/upon… 以…為基礎(chǔ) be based on
15. close v./adj./ close (adv)位置上接近 closely (adv) 抽象關(guān)系上的密切
close to 相近, 靠近, 幾乎 be close to 表狀態(tài) get close to表動(dòng)作
16. in the 1600’s= in the 1600s
17. make (good/full/no/the most/ the best…) use of使用
18. a number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 大量的（其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）
the number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) …的數(shù)目（其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）
The number of the students adds up to 2000 in our school.
只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的：a large/ great/ good number of,
a good/ great many, dozens of, scores of, quite a few
只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的：a great deal of, a large amount of,
quite a little, a large sum of
既可修飾可數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞的：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a large quantity of
19. Only time will tell. 時(shí)間會(huì)證明一切 tell 知道, 判斷
tell A from B: 區(qū)分，分別
20．Believe it or not.
21. However, even on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way (that/ in which) people speak.
22. recognize = to know and remember sb/sth. one has seen before. 認(rèn)出。
從外表上辨認(rèn)出，指一時(shí)性的動(dòng)作
know表示知道有這個(gè)人并認(rèn)識(shí)他，在一定程度上對(duì)他有了解，指長(zhǎng)久性的動(dòng)作
I know him, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him.
Module 1 Unit 3 Travel journal
1. When are you leaving? Where are you staying?
用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞: go , come, leave, start, begin, return, stay, play, fly, drive,
sleep, reach, walking, ride, move…
2. dream about = dream of sth /doing sth. dreamed/ dreamt
dream that… realize one’s dream our dream come true
have a dream= dream a dream
3. It was my sister who first had the ides to…..強(qiáng)調(diào)句：
It was/is+強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that-/who-分句
① It + be (not) + 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that /who + 句子剩余部分
② Be + it + 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that /who + 句子剩余部分?
Was it at the end of 2001 that China joined WTO?
③ 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ be + it +that /who + 句子剩余部分?
When was it that China joined WTO?
4. .persuade vt.說(shuō)服; 勸服; vi.被說(shuō)服
persuade + sb.
sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
sb. that clause
sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth.
sb. out of doing sth. = persuade sb. not to do sth
try to persuade sb to do sth. = advise sb to do sth. 說(shuō)服未成功
5.although, though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不能再和but, and, however連用, 但可以和副詞yet, still連用。although從句多放在句首, though從句可在主句前，中，后任何位置，而且though可以作副詞用于句末，作 “但是，不過(guò)”講，而although無(wú)此用法。
6. insist : 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持主張
1) insist on / upon one’s doing sth 堅(jiān)持做,堅(jiān)決做
2) insist that +從句堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/認(rèn)為(后表示一個(gè)事實(shí)), 后接的從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣, 既按需要選擇時(shí)態(tài)。
3) insist that sb. (should) do sth.堅(jiān)決主張做某事, 后接的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
7．properly (adv.) proper (adj.)
finally (adv.) final ( adj)
8. care about : be worried about 憂慮,關(guān)心
care for sb/sth : look after, love or like希望, 喜歡, 照顧
9. determine v. 決定, 下定決心, 確定 determined adj. 堅(jiān)決的, 有決心的
1) determine to do sth.（動(dòng)作） 2) determine +從句
3) determine +疑問(wèn)詞+ to do 4) be determined to do sth. 決心做（狀態(tài)）
He was determined to do it for a long time.
10.change one’s mind 改變某人的主意
make up one’s mind 下定決心 keep…in mind 記住
11.at an altitude of = at a height of 在海拔……米處 attitude
at 后接年齡, 速度, 長(zhǎng)寬深高, 價(jià)格, 費(fèi)用等 “在……處/時(shí), 以……”
at the age of at a high / low price at a depth/width of
at the speed of at the cost of at a distance of
12….the air was would hard to breath….
主語(yǔ) + be + adj.+ to do sth. 即不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義
這類形容詞有surprised, moved, disappointed, pleased, happy, sad, delighted, sorry, interested, glad, worried, etc.
13. give in (to sb./sth.) 屈服于, 讓步, 遞交 give up 放棄, 認(rèn)輸
give out 筋疲力盡；分配 give away 捐贈(zèng), 泄露
14. across / through /over
across表示從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊或事物交叉位置,“橫穿, 橫跨”表面,含
義與on 有關(guān)
through 表達(dá)兩邊穿過(guò)或穿過(guò)空間內(nèi)部, 含義與in 有關(guān)
over表示 “越過(guò)” 是指越過(guò)較高的物體從一側(cè)到另一側(cè)
The new railway winds its way to Tibet, over mountains through tunnels and across rivers.
15. as usual
16. encourage sb. to do sth. encourage sb in doing sth. encouraged/ encouraging
17. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hill was great fun. fun fun [U n. ] 玩笑, 樂(lè)事, 有趣的事
have fun=enjoy oneself It is much/great fun to do… 做……很有趣
18.change v.“換衣, 更換” change n “零錢”
get changed 換好衣服 change A for B 用Ａ換Ｂ
19.make camp 扎營(yíng), 宿營(yíng) go camping 去露營(yíng), 去野營(yíng)
① make +n.+ n. 使…… ② make +n.+ adj. 使……
③ make +n.+ do sth. 使某人做某事 * 被動(dòng)式 be made to do sth
④ make +n.+過(guò)去分詞
20.put up ① 舉起, 抬起 = raise ② 掛起, 張貼
③ 建造, 搭起 = build ④ 住宿, 留宿
put away 把……收起來(lái), 存放 put back 放回原處
put down 放下, 寫下, 鎮(zhèn)壓 put forward 提出
put off 推遲, 拖延 put out 撲滅, 伸出
put one’s heart to 全神貫注于 put an end to 使結(jié)束
21. so far
22. We can hardly wait to see them!
23. for one thing,……for another,…….首先…，其次…
on the one hand,….. on the other hand…..
24. different adj. difference n. differently adv. differ v.
the difference between A and B
A be different from B.
25. be familiar to sb. (主語(yǔ)是物) 熟悉
be familiar with sth. (主語(yǔ)是人)
Module 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes
1. It is always calm before a strom.
2. right away =at once; in no time; immediately right now : at this very moment
3. rise [raiz] vi. 升起, 起身, 增長(zhǎng), 上升, rose-risen
raise [reiz] vt.升起, 喚起, 提高, 使出現(xiàn), 飼養(yǎng), 籌集, 使復(fù)活 raised-raised
arise [ ‘raiz] vi. 出現(xiàn), 發(fā)生, 起因于 arose--arisen
4. burst : to come open or fly apart suddenly
burst into + n. burst out + doing
burst into tears/ laughter burst out crying / laughing
5. at an end be at an end
at the end of 用于表示具體事物或場(chǎng)所的場(chǎng)合，它也可以用來(lái)表示比喻意;
by the end of 用于表示時(shí)間的場(chǎng)合到……結(jié)束的時(shí)候，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài);
in the end 意思“最后、終于”。
6. cut across 橫穿，跨越 cut in v.插嘴, 插入,
cut off v.切斷, 斷絕, 剝奪繼承權(quán) cut down. v.砍倒, 勝過(guò), 削減, 刪節(jié)
cut up v.切碎, 抨擊, 殲滅, 使喪氣 cut out v.切掉, 裁剪出, 取代, 停止
7. lay in ruins lie-lied -lied -lying 說(shuō)謊
lie-lay -lain -lying 躺, 平放, 展現(xiàn)(開),位于
lay-laid-laid -laying vt. 放置, 鋪設(shè), 布置 vi.下蛋, 打賭
ruin /destroy /damage/ injure
damage指部分“損壞”、“損害”、“破壞”或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。N.&V 用作名詞時(shí)常與to something 連用。
destroy 只能用作v.,指徹底破壞,以致不可能修復(fù),常作“破壞”、“毀滅”解,也
可以指希望、計(jì)劃等打破。
ruin則表示破壞嚴(yán)重,以致不能修復(fù),但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)致使該物的使用價(jià)值發(fā)生了問(wèn)題。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),它作 “使毀滅”、 “使崩潰”,“弄糟”解;用作名詞時(shí),它表示 “毀滅”, “瓦解”,“廢墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法
8. injure: 身體上, 肉體上，損害健康，成就，容貌的傷害
hurt : 使身體部位,精神上，感情受到傷害,造成損失
wound: 刀,子彈,名聲等的傷害 ，戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷
harm: 肉體或精神上的傷害，有時(shí)可指引起不安或不便，還可用于抽象事物（尤指不道德的事情）
9. be shocked be trapped in
10. wonder : v. in wonder
wonder to do sth. / w- to do sth. /at / about n.奇跡, 驚奇, 驚愕
It is no wonder (that)= No wonder (that) 難怪…
11. All hope was not lost.
all…not …= not all…, some…but not all（表示部分否定）
all, both, each, every + not
All of their answers were not right. = not all of their answers are right.
12. dig out
13. bury vt bury oneself in= be buried in devote oneself to= be devoted to
14．congratulation n.祝詞, 賀辭 常用復(fù)數(shù) + on congratulate sb. on sth.
15. Judging from/ by = to judge by 由……判斷之
Generally speaking Strictly speaking Frankly speaking
16. honor n.尊敬, 敬意, 榮譽(yù), 光榮 vt.尊敬, 給以榮譽(yù)
in honor of sb./sth. in one’s honour 為了紀(jì)念/尊敬……
17．Prepare sth / to do sth./ sb to do sth. / for 準(zhǔn)備, 預(yù)備,
be/get prepared for in preparation for
Module 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela – a modern hero
1.ask for 要求得到 ask for sb. 找某人，要求見(jiàn)某人
2. be willing to do sth 樂(lè)意（自愿）做, 心甘情愿做
3. be active in 積極參加
4. lose heart 喪失信心 lose one’s heart 愛(ài)上某人
5. in trouble 處于不幸中，有麻煩，在監(jiān)禁中
6. die for 為……而死 die for 也意為“渴望，切望”（只用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）
7. fight (fought, fought)
fight for 為……而戰(zhàn) fight with + 人,國(guó)家 與…并肩作戰(zhàn)
fight against + 事物n. 為反對(duì)……作斗爭(zhēng)
fight against + 人,國(guó)家 和（同）…斗爭(zhēng) =fight with
8. believe in sb. 信任某人 believe sb= believe what sb says. 相信某人的話
9. be free from擺脫（不好的東西）的，無(wú)……的
10. be in prison. 在獄中，被監(jiān)禁
put…in prison = send/take…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄
11. The time when I first met …… was a very difficult period of my life.
This was a time when one had got to ….
12. advise sth
(one’s) doing sth.
sb.to do sth.建議某人干advise sb.not to do sth=advise sb.against doing sth.
sb on sth. 就……給某人出主意
that clause sb (should) do
advice (n.) a piece of advice take sb’s advice 接受某人的勸告
ask for advice on… give sb.(some) advice on. 給某人建議
13. be +距離/時(shí)間+ away 有……遠(yuǎn)
14. continue to do /doing sth
15. fee 付給醫(yī)生，律師，學(xué)校的費(fèi)用，考試，俱樂(lè)部，入場(chǎng)卷收取的費(fèi)用。
fare （交通工具的）票價(jià)
reward 報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)金 vt. 酬謝，給以報(bào)答 in reward 作為報(bào)酬
16. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.= after I tried hard….
17. be worried about =worry about 擔(dān)心
18. out of work=lose one’s job 失業(yè) （反）be in work
19. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights …
See表示“見(jiàn)證，目睹”；(在某段時(shí)期)發(fā)生…,經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受，主語(yǔ)為時(shí)間或物
The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people.
20. vote 投票，參加選舉，強(qiáng)調(diào)其過(guò)程
choose選擇,指從眾多事物中挑選 選舉， elect強(qiáng)調(diào)選舉結(jié)果
21.He has got himself into a dangerous situation where (in which) he is likely to lose control over the plan.
22. accept 主觀接受 receive客觀收到
23. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only then 此處引起倒裝句，當(dāng)only修飾狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，句子采用部分倒裝
only 修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子不倒裝。
24. as a matter of fact= in fact事實(shí)上
25. blow up 使充氣，爆炸 blow off 吹掉，吹走
blow down 吹倒 blow out 吹滅
26. be equal to 等于，相當(dāng)于
27．imagine +n. / doing sth. /sb.+doing / that… n. imagination
28. escape from sp. 逃脫, 避開, 溜走 escape doing sth. 避免
29. in one way = in a way (M2 Unit 3) = in some ways
all the way 一直，一路上 by the way 順便一提
in this way 以這種方式 in the way 妨礙 擋路
on one’s/the way 在途中 in no way 絕不 No way！門兒都沒(méi)有！
lose one’s way 迷路 lead the way 帶頭， 領(lǐng)先
30. He taught us during the…… when we should have been asleep.
should do應(yīng)該做,一般指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作，指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作時(shí)應(yīng)站在過(guò)去的角度。
should have done 表示本應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做的.站在現(xiàn)在的角度上評(píng)說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情。
asleep 是表語(yǔ)形容詞，意為“睡著的”。 sleep 是動(dòng)詞或名詞，意為“睡覺(jué)”。
sleepy 是形容詞，意為“打盹的”
31. As they were not cleverer than me, but did pass their exam….
“did pass” 為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞原行前加do, does, did.
eg. Do be careful! He does speak English well!
I do hope you have a merry Christmas!
32. come to power = come into power 執(zhí)政, 當(dāng)權(quán)，上臺(tái) in power 當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政
33. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
every time，每次…就…immediately，the moment/ minute /instant=as soon as ,
next time下次…..時(shí),等起從屬連詞的作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
Next time he comes, he asks me for some money.
34. set up set out to do sth = set about doing sth. 著手做某事
35. be sentenced to
36. terror n. 恐怖，可怕的人或事 fear n. &vt. 恐懼，可怕
fear + n./to do /that… for fear of … for fear that… 擔(dān)心 惟恐
37．beat n. 敲擊，跳動(dòng) beating n. 打、輸
Module 2 Unit 1 Cultural relics
1. survive vt &vi 幸存 survivor (n.) 幸存者 survival (n.) 幸存
2. remain (1) vi. 留下, 遺留
(2) link-verb. 后接 n. adj. / 介詞短語(yǔ) / 表位置的adv.
3. the rest 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 根據(jù)指帶對(duì)象不同,可能是單數(shù),也可能是復(fù)數(shù).
4． look into 調(diào)查
5. state 狀態(tài), 可數(shù)名詞; condition 條件, 復(fù)數(shù)形式表 “環(huán)境, 狀況”;
situation 指處境, 局勢(shì)。 state側(cè)重于政權(quán) country側(cè)重于疆土 nation側(cè)重于民族
6． belong to 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
7． 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)、批評(píng)、反悔等意。
can’t/ couldn’t have done不可能做過(guò)
could have done 可能做過(guò)；本來(lái)可以做（卻未做）
might have done 或許做過(guò)；本來(lái)或許會(huì)做
may have done 或許做過(guò)
would have done 本來(lái)要做（卻未做）
must have done 肯定已做過(guò)（表推測(cè)）
needn’t have done 本來(lái)沒(méi)必要做（卻已做）
should(n’t) / ought (n’t) have done 本來(lái)（不）應(yīng)該做（卻做了）
8. gift 禮物; 天賦 have a gift for sth. gifted (adj.) 有天賦的
9. be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做……
be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事（表狀態(tài)）
used to（do） 過(guò)去常常做某事，（現(xiàn)在不了）
get used to 表示由不習(xí)慣到習(xí)慣的變化
be used to +n./doing 表示已經(jīng)習(xí)慣或已形成的狀態(tài)
否定：didn't’t use to/ usedn’t to/ used not to
一般疑問(wèn)：Did… use to…?/ Used … to…?
10. Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when (it is) heated.
11. Once it is heated, the amber can be made into any shape.
12. The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days.
“be + of + 名詞(詞組)” , 表示主語(yǔ)的某種形狀、特性或特征。
of great importance=important of interest=interesting
of use=useful of help=helpful of value=valuable
be of + size/ length/ height/ depth be of the same size
fancy + that-/one’s doing sth / sb to be…/ sb as /sth /doing sth.
13. be made into 被制成 be made up of 由……組成/構(gòu)成
be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料）
be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made in產(chǎn)于，生產(chǎn)于（某地/某時(shí)）
14. in return. 回報(bào),作為報(bào)酬 in turn 輪流地,依次; 反過(guò)來(lái)
by turns 輪流地,時(shí)而…時(shí)而…
15..serve as 擔(dān)任，充當(dāng) act as work as 以…（的身份）工作， 當(dāng)…
He serve as a waiter there
16. In 1770, the room was completed （the way(that/ in which/ 不填) she wanted it.
“the way”后跟定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ), the way的用法與連詞相同,
I still remember the way that ( in which, / )she did it.
I liked the way that / in which she organized the meeting.
當(dāng)way前面有adj.作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 其前不省略in
He always writes in a careless way.
17. 介詞+名詞 (表狀態(tài))
at war/work/home/table on show/duty/sale/holiday/fire/watch
in trouble/danger/battle/doubt under repair/discussion/construction建設(shè)
18. a piece of / a set of furniture.
19. There’s no doubt that… (肯定句)doubt whether /if
There’s no need to do / for sth / sb There’s no possibility that…
There’s no doubt of / about +n. There’s no doubt about his honesty.
20. missing: “丟失的, 缺少的”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)不在場(chǎng);
lost: 過(guò)去分詞, “失去的, 喪失的”
gone: 過(guò)去分詞, “過(guò)去的,不在的,丟了”,常作表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
21 take apart 拆開 tell … apart
They look almost the same, it’s hard to tell them apart.
22. consider sth./ doing / that clause考慮，認(rèn)為 considering 就…而言
consider…as = consider…. to be
consider …. to have done ------
be consider to have done He is considered to have stole the picture.
23. prove
這三種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以是prove作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法。
1)prove＋n.(作賓語(yǔ))，意“證明某事”，如：
The scientist finally proved the fact.那位科學(xué)家最終證實(shí)了那個(gè)事實(shí)。
2)prove＋that賓語(yǔ)從句
The fact proved that his statement was true. 事實(shí)證明他的說(shuō)法是正確的。
3)prove＋賓語(yǔ)＋(to be)…(作賓補(bǔ))
He proved himself (to be) honest.他證明自己誠(chéng)實(shí)。
另外，prove還可作系動(dòng)詞，后接(to be)＋名詞/形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，意“結(jié)果是…，證明是”，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The book proved (to be) interesting.
24. pretend sth/ to do /that-clause/ to be doing 假裝
25. think highly /much / well of 看重，器重
think little / nothing / badly / ill / poorly of 輕視，不重視
26. Nor do I think they should give it to any government.
Nor could slaves or women. (M2 unit2)
Module 2 Unit 2 The Olympic Games
1. compete: (vt) take part in a race, contest, exam, etc.
(1) compete in 在…中比賽/競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
(2) compete against / with… 與…競(jìng)爭(zhēng)/比賽
(3) compete for 為…而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)/比賽
competitor 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者 competition 競(jìng)爭(zhēng),比賽 competitive (adj) 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的,比賽性的
2 .take part in (正式) + 運(yùn)動(dòng)/ 罷工/ 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)/ 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)/游戲/ 試驗(yàn)/ 談話等
join (非正式)+ 團(tuán)體, 活動(dòng)成為一員+ 參軍/ 入黨/ 入團(tuán)
join in (正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng), 有時(shí)=take part in )
attend (= be present at 出席)
3. host做東, 主辦 hold 舉行, 召開
4. On a journey 在進(jìn)行旅行 on business 在出差
journey 較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或教長(zhǎng)距離的旅行，“行程，旅程”
travel 泛指一切旅游
trip 一般指往返的旅行，尤其指娛樂(lè)性的短途旅游。
tour 指考察、觀光等巡回各地的旅行，也指短途旅游。
5 .magical adj. 不可思議的=unbelievable magic (n.) magician (人)
magically adv.
6. interview n/ v interviewee (被采訪者) interviewer 采訪者
Make an interview Have an interview with sb. interview sb.
a job interview 求職面試 a television interview 電視采訪
7.time “時(shí)代，時(shí)期”， 單復(fù)數(shù)均可
all the time 一直，始終 at all times 無(wú)論何時(shí)，一直
at one time曾經(jīng)，一度 at times 有時(shí)，不時(shí)
from time to time 有時(shí)，不時(shí) in no time 立刻，馬上
ahead of time 提早（前） at a time 每次，一次
in time及時(shí) on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) at times =sometimes有時(shí)
at the same time
sometime 某時(shí) some time 一段時(shí)間 some times幾次
8. find out : 經(jīng)過(guò)努力有意去 “找”, “打聽”, “弄清楚”；
find: “找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。
discover: 發(fā)現(xiàn)本來(lái)就存在但未被人所知的事物, 地方, 思想等
9.every +基數(shù)詞+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù) “每…”
every +序數(shù)詞+名詞單數(shù)
every + few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 “每隔幾…”
every + other + 單數(shù)名詞 = every two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞: “每?jī)伞?/p>
every other day=every two days=every second day 每隔一天，每?jī)商?/p>
10．a(chǎn) set of
11. admit 許可…進(jìn)入，錄取，承認(rèn)，容納,容許admitted
admit sth / doing sth. 許可做某事/ that-clause/ sth to be + adj.
admit to doing sth.承認(rèn)做某事 admit into
be admitted as 被接受為……,
12. That is why…….
13. in honour of 為向…表示敬意，為紀(jì)念…，為祝賀…
honour sb. with/by… 用…給某人榮譽(yù)／光榮
Show honour to sb. 對(duì)某人表示敬意
14. as well as 也，同，和 +名詞，代詞，形容詞，介詞
1）as well as連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)前面一個(gè)主語(yǔ)確定。
rather than, together with, along with, with
2）as well as后接動(dòng)詞，一般用ing形式。3）as well as = besides 除…外還有
4) as well as 同級(jí)比較，“與…一樣好” 5) as well = too
15. as much + 名詞+ as 像…一樣
16. replace +A+with/by +B 用B去替換A take the place pf
17. prize / medal / reward / award
medal 獎(jiǎng)牌/章; prize 獎(jiǎng)金, 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì), 獲獎(jiǎng)名次;
award 獎(jiǎng)品, 獎(jiǎng)金; reward 報(bào)酬, 回報(bào)
18. game / match /contest / competition
game 游戲,比賽,運(yùn)動(dòng),球賽為美式英語(yǔ),指棋類、橋牌類；復(fù)數(shù)為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)；
match 球賽為英式英語(yǔ), 指預(yù)先安排好的正式比賽,如摔跤, 拳擊等;
contest 指智力和知識(shí)競(jìng)賽 (=competition)
competition 通過(guò)個(gè)人體力, 智力,技能 等獲取名詞。
19. relate to 與…..有關(guān)系 relate….to… 把…與…聯(lián)系起來(lái)
20. marry sb.
be married to get married to
21. promise sth/ to do sth./ sb. to do sth./ sb. sth. / that-clause
22. one after another 陸續(xù)地，一個(gè)接一個(gè)地
23. be ready to do sth.-
Module 2 Unit 3 computer
1. in common: 共同的；共有的；共用的
have nothing / little/ much/ something/ a lot in common ( with sth/ sb.)
2. in one’s opinion= in the opinion of sb. = in one’s view
3. analytical adj.分析的, 解析的 analyzer (analyser) n.分析者, 分析器
analyze (analyse) vt. 分析, 分解 analysis n. 分析，分解 ( pl. analyses )
analyzable adj. 可被分析的, 可以分解的
analyst n. 分析家 analytic adj. 分析的;分解的
technology 技術(shù)(指科學(xué)和工業(yè)) technique(n.)技術(shù)(指做事的方法,技巧)
technologist (person) technical 專業(yè)的 adj.
4. simple-minded 頭腦簡(jiǎn)單的 absent-minded 心不在焉的
open-minded 沒(méi)有偏見(jiàn)的 narrow-minded 心胸狹窄的
single-minded一心一意的 strong-minded 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的
weak-minded 低能的，愚蠢的 noble-minded 思想高尚的
5.anyway =anyhow無(wú)論如何 someway 意為“以某種方式;不知怎么地”
Anyway it’s worth trying.
6. artificial adj. 人工的,人造的 artificial intelligence 人工智能
artificial flowers/limbs/pearls 假花/假肢/假珍珠
7. As the years have gone by, go by: (of time) pass (從...旁)走過(guò), 依照,
The car went by us. You should go by the rules
8. totally=completely adv. 整個(gè)地;完全地 in total 總共
total adj. 完全的; 整個(gè)的 totally blind 全盲 total silence 寂靜無(wú)聲
9. so+adj./adv.+that 或Such+(a/an)+(adj.)+n.+that 如此……以致于……
10. in the 1960s.(in the 1960’s)
in/during the 1950s/1950’s 在20 世紀(jì)50 年代
in his forties 在他40多歲時(shí)
11. alone adj./adv. : by oneself, without others(作表,不作前置定語(yǔ))
lonely adj.: unhappy because one is always away from his family or friends(作表,定)
I am alone, but I never feel lonely.
The old man lives alone in the lonely small mountain village.
12. since then. 從那時(shí)起（常與完成時(shí)連用）
13.deal with
1) 對(duì)待(人、事) = get along/on with, do with 2) 論及......,= refer to
3) 與......交易 deal in sth. 買賣/交易 4 )deal sth. out 分發(fā);分配
表示“處理”, 在特殊疑問(wèn)句中, do with與what連用,deal with與how連用。
14. connect… with /to 把…與…連接起來(lái)
be connected with 與……有關(guān)系/聯(lián)系
She is connected with The Smiths.
15. enough 在名詞前后都可以 在adj./adv. 后 fast enough
It’s adj. enough for sb. to do sth. It’s late enough for us to stop work.
16. choice n.選擇, 抉擇, 精選品, 選擇機(jī)會(huì), 選擇權(quán) choose (v.)
17. is suitable for
18. personally = as far as I am concerned = speaking for oneself
19. move (n./ v) 行動(dòng)， 移動(dòng), 遷居, 步驟 vt.移動(dòng), 感動(dòng), 鼓動(dòng)
make a move 采取行動(dòng) on the move 在進(jìn)行中
be deeply moved by 被…..深深感動(dòng) be moved to tears 感動(dòng)得流淚
20. make up
21. after all 結(jié)果，終究， 表示結(jié)果與預(yù)想不同。通常放在句末。
畢竟，究竟， 導(dǎo)出原因，放于句首
first of all = 首先，首要的是
at all 完全，根本（否定。疑問(wèn)，條件）
above all (M2 Unit 5)
22. with the help of = with one’s help
23. watch over. 照顧，照管，看守，看管 watch out注意，留神
24. wander vi.漫步, 徘徊, 迷路, 迷失方向, 離題
Module 2 Unit 4 Wildlife protection
1. as a result : 作為…的結(jié)果;因此;由于
as a result of + sth /sb /v-ing /what.=because of “由于…”
result from… 起因于…. result in … 結(jié)果為….，導(dǎo)致…
2. die out: disappear completely
(動(dòng).植物的)滅絕, (風(fēng)俗,習(xí)慣,觀念的)逐漸消失, (火,光)逐漸熄滅
die away(sound, wind, light)becomes weaker and finally stops 漸漸消失,
die down 指物質(zhì)特性或情感 “逐漸平息”
die off 相繼死亡;(草木)先后枯死
die of 因…而死 ,由于疾病,饑寒,情感原因造成的死亡.
die from.除疾病,情感之外的原因造成的死亡
3. in peace 和平地; 和睦地
be in danger (of) : 處于危險(xiǎn)之中 endangered
4. get done / get +adj. get dressed
get hurt get killed get married get separated get excited
get caught get bored get lost get tired get paid
get drunk get broke get angry get ill get fat
5. She turned round and there was an antelope with a sad face looking at her.
…,with everyone clapping and enjoying your singing. (M2 Unit 5)
“with + n. /pron. + Ving”的結(jié)構(gòu)。用作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的情況。
with + sb + to do sth
with + sth. + done
with+n./pron.賓+賓補(bǔ)adj./adv./doing/to do/done/介詞短語(yǔ)
①The student always listen to the teacher with his eyes wide open.
②He left his room with the light on.
③With the old man to lead the way, we’re sure to get there in time
④Mary felt shy with the whole class looking at her.
⑤The thief sat in the corner, with his hands tied to a chair.
⑥The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
there are only 72,000 of us left.
“there + be + N./ 代詞 + 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”
其中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于句子中名詞/代詞和該動(dòng)詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式， 如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞形式。
There are some students singing in the classroom.]
There were two students killed in the fighting.
Newspapers reported that there were hundreds of houses burned in the great fire.
6. stomach n. 腹部;胃 stomachache n. 胃、肚子痛
7. Would prefer + sth. 更愿意…
Would prefer to do sth. 更愿意做某事
prefer + sth. 更愿意要…
sb. to do sth 更愿意讓某人做某事
doing / to do sth. 更愿意做某事
that sb. should do…更愿意讓某人做某事
to do… rather than do…寧愿做…也不寧愿做…
(doing) sth… to (doing) sth.寧愿（做）某事也不寧愿（做）某事
8. apply v. 申請(qǐng)
apply (to sb. ) for sth. 向（某人）申請(qǐng)… apply oneself to… 專心; 集中精力
apply to do sth. 申請(qǐng)做某事 apply to sb. /sth. 適用，應(yīng)用
9.suggest 提議； 建議
①+ sth
② + doing sth.
③ + sb’s doing sth.
④ + sth. to sb.
⑤ + that sb. ( should ) do sth.
⑥ It’s suggested that sb. ( should ) do sth.
當(dāng)suggest解為“暗示,表明,說(shuō)明”時(shí),從句要用一般陳述語(yǔ)氣,不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
10. No longer = not any longer 不再（時(shí)間，狀態(tài)上不再延續(xù)）
No more = not any more 不再（數(shù)量上的不再延續(xù)）
11. thick adj. a thick rope粗繩
thick black hair濃密的頭發(fā) a thick forest茂密的森林
a thick door厚重的門 thick smoke濃煙
12．rub v. ~ sth on /over rubbed
13．protect v. protection n.
protect sb /sth from (against) sth 保護(hù)…不受…傷害
keep … from doing sth.
stop … (from )doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
prevent …. (from)…
14．a(chǎn)ffect (v.) = have an effect on 影響
have an effect on/ upon sb./ sth.
15．pay attention to: give your attention to
16. No rain forest, no animals and no drug.
No. A, no B. （如果）沒(méi)有……就（沒(méi)有）….. No pains, no gains
17．Would like + sth. 想要某東西
to do sth. 想做某事
sb. to do sth 想某人做某事
feel like + doing sth.= want to do sth. 想做某事。
18. Three of us我們中的三個(gè)人 the three of us我們?nèi)齻�(gè)人
19. bite- bit –bitten
20. come into being
Module 2 Unit 5 Music
1.roll 翻身, 打滾，卷起，滾下來(lái)，鋪開, 離開, 大聲朗讀
roll over
2. folk n. 人們(復(fù)數(shù)形式可加s, 也可不加, 表示家里人, 父母(常加s)
folk music folk tale folk song folk dance folk singer
3.musician 音樂(lè)家 →music音樂(lè)n. → musical音樂(lè)的adj
4. honest adj. honesty n / honestly adv. / dishonest adj.
be honest with sb To be honest, … 老實(shí)說(shuō)= to tell the truth
be honest about sth 對(duì)…老實(shí), 誠(chéng)懇 It is honest of sb. to do sth.
be honest in ( doing ) sth
5. form vt. 形成, 組成, 養(yǎng)成 n. 表格, 形式, 形態(tài)
Be formed of =be made up of 由……組成
in the form of以…形式 in form形式上, 情況良好
6.passers-by 合成詞構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)是一般在前面加復(fù)數(shù):
lookers-on 旁觀者 sons-in-law 女婿
但是由man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞, 復(fù)數(shù)前后的詞都要加復(fù)數(shù).如men-doctors
7. earn vt. 賺得, 使得到 earn one’s living = make a living 謀生
8. extra adj. 額外的；外加的；特別的；另外的
adv. 特別; 額外 n.額外的東西；另收費(fèi)的事物
9. play jokes/a joke on … 開玩笑, 戲弄某人
=make fun of…=laugh at…= play tricks/ a trick on…
10. lively
11. advertisement 做廣告; 登廣告 advertise v. 做廣告宣傳
advertise on TV在電視上做廣告
12. actors 演員 actress 女演員 act n. 行為，舉動(dòng) act v. 演出；當(dāng)演員
13.fan (1) n. 扇子 (2) vt. 扇；吹向 fan oneself 扇自己; fan a fire扇火
(3) n. 狂熱者，迷 pop fans 發(fā)燒友
14. 1) or so “大約；……左右” ，通常位于數(shù)量詞之后。
2) about , some, round 均為“大約”之意，但它們放在數(shù)詞之前
15. instrument n.1) 器具；儀器 a surgical instrument 外科器械
2) 樂(lè)器（guitar, flute長(zhǎng)笛 , saxophone薩克斯管）
16..break up ① 破裂, 拆散, 打碎 ② 驅(qū)散 ③ 停止, 結(jié)束,放學(xué)了。
break down 出故障,拆毀,失敗,精神崩潰, (身體)垮
break into/in 破門而入,闖進(jìn)
break off 中斷；停止,斷交；突然停止
break out 爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生
break away from 脫離；擺脫
17. hit n. 成功, 風(fēng)靡一時(shí), 打擊 vt. hit sb on/in + 身體某一部位
beat +sb. win+match/prise/
18. afterwards
19. go wrong= something is wrong with…]
= there is something wrong with…
go +adj. go mad go bad go pale go grey . go hungry
20. be / feel confident +clause/ of / about/ in
21. stick to
22. hear of聽說(shuō) hear about聽說(shuō), 接到消息
hear from接到...的信, 受...批評(píng) hear that
23. at first = at the beginning; 起初，含有后來(lái)不這樣之意
first of all 首先，指按時(shí)間，順序等處于第一位的。
the first time 第一次 做賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),作連詞引導(dǎo)從句;
for the first time 第一次 作狀語(yǔ)，不引導(dǎo)從句
At first she was afraid of water, but she soon learned to swim.
First of all let me say how glad I am to be here.
I’ll never forget the first time I went to Japan.
It was there that they met for the first time.
24. hang –hanged-hanged 絞死 The man was hanged for murder
hang--hung --hung 懸掛, 垂下, 裝飾, A picture is hung on the wall.
1．enjoy suggest practise, mind, risk, avoid, , escape, keep, , admit, advise, consider, appreciate, excuse, delay, finish, imagine, miss, feel like, stand （忍受） look forward to, can’t help, put off, give up，set about , insist on +doing
2．It’s +adj, +for sb. to do sth. (對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做…)
It’s +adj, +of sb. to do sth. （某人如此…而做
It is /was +…+ who/ that…
It is/was the first time that…+主語(yǔ)+ have/ had done…某人第一次做…
It’s said / reported / hoped / believed / announced that 據(jù)說(shuō)/報(bào)道/希望/相信/據(jù)稱
It’s a pity / a shame / a wonder … that 可惜/可恥/奇怪的是…
It happens / appears / seems +that 恰巧/好像
It looks / seems as if 看起來(lái)好像
It’s up to sb. to do 該某人做
It’s (high) time that + 主語(yǔ)+ did/ should+ do 是該做的時(shí)候了