一、 重點短語
1 be content with sth(=be satisfied with/be pleased with)對…滿意
be content to do(=be willing/glad to do)樂意做
2 sustainable development 可持續(xù)性發(fā)展
3 have/gain (free)access to 可（自由）進(jìn)入，接觸，使用
4 all too often屢次，常常 all of a sudden突然
5 stress the importance of…強調(diào)…的重要性
lay/put stress/emphasis on…強調(diào)，主張 under great stress經(jīng)受巨大的壓力
6 have responsibility for 對…負(fù)有責(zé)任 be responsible for
聯(lián)想： take/undertake responsibility for承擔(dān)責(zé)任 a sense of responsibility責(zé)任感
7 there exist(s)…這存在… there seems/appears to be…似乎有，看似有
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.我不想有任何差錯。
Can you imagine there being a big pleasant surprise for you?
你能想象有一個大的驚喜等著你嗎？
8 take action / take measures/take steps
9 live/be in harmony with與…和諧相處 （harmonious adj.）
build a society in harmony with society建立人與自然相和諧的社會
10 put an end to 結(jié)束… come to an end到盡頭
bring sth to an end 使…結(jié)束 make ends meet使收支相抵
eg,They should put an end to that ridiculous war. 他們應(yīng)該結(jié)束那場荒謬的戰(zhàn)爭。
eg,I wonder how I can bring their dispute to an end. 我不知道如何才能讓他們停止紛爭。
eg,The meeting came to an end at midnight.會議進(jìn)行至深夜才結(jié)束。
11 wipe out 滅除，掃清 eg,wipe out poverty消滅貧困
wipe sth out from memory把…從記憶中抹去
(sb)be wiped out=be worn out =be tired out=be extremely tired/exhausted筋疲力盡
12 there is a (good )chance that…=It’s likely /probable that… 有可能…
13 draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論 sum up 總結(jié)，概括
14 replace A with B 用B取代A eg, replace letters with E-mail用郵件取代信件
exchange A for B 用A 調(diào)換B eg,exchange dollars for pounds用美元兌換英鎊
15 alternative energy 可替代能源 have no alternative（choice）but to do sth.別無選擇只能
16 issue(v.)發(fā)行;公布 / (n.)eg,問題，議題，爭論點；發(fā)行，發(fā)行物
issue new stamps/coins/shares/magazines發(fā)行新郵票，硬幣，股票,雜志
issue a statement發(fā)表聲明 issue an order/warning發(fā)布命令，警告
a political/economic issue政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)問題 a burning issue急待解決的問題
a new issue of bonds新發(fā)行的債券 the latest issue of a magazine雜志的最新一期
17 affect(v.)影響；（疾�。┣忠u；感動；
eg, the area affected by the earthquake 受地震影響的地區(qū)
The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight.疾病逐漸侵襲她的視力。
be deeply affected by the story 為故事感動
affection(n.)感情，親情，愛
eg,the affection of parents for their children 父母對兒女的愛
have a great/deep affection for parents對父母有著深厚的感情
affectionate(adj.)充滿深情的，親切的，有愛心的
eg,an affectionate letter一封充滿深情的信 an affectionate hug親切的擁抱
He is very affecionate towards his children.她很愛自己的孩子。
18 advise sb(not)to do=try to persuade sb (not)to do 勸某人做（不）做
二、重點句子
1 One of the main themes of the summit was “sustainable development”,or the question how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.
2 Most of the speakers talked about the “big three”--- contaminated drinking water,poor sanitation and air pollution.（被污染的飲用水，衛(wèi)生狀況惡劣，空氣污染）
3 Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths.僅空氣污染就導(dǎo)致300萬人死亡。
注意：alone 放名詞后面表強調(diào)，僅僅，只有
eg,The price alone discouraged me .單看價格就讓我沮喪。
4 If we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
5 Among the speakers was China’s then Premier Zhu Rongji,（倒裝）who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. 強調(diào)平等與公正的必要性
6 Rich countries have responsibility for poor countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
7 With better education,people will be able to build a better society in harmony with nature and perhaps put an end to death and suffering.
8 If poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated,there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars.如果貧窮不再是問題，人民的教育程度得以提高，就有可能會減少暴力和戰(zhàn)爭。
三、語法(倒裝)
出于語法結(jié)構(gòu)或強調(diào)的需要，倒裝一般分為兩種，全倒和半倒：
一 全倒的情況（謂語提到主語的前面）
1 以 here,there,或out ,in,up,down,away等表示地點，方位的副詞開頭：
eg, Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children.
Away went the boy. Now comes my turn.
（注意：若主語為代詞，則不倒裝eg,Here it is./ Away she went.）
2 直接引語放在句首：
eg,”It looks as if a typhoon is coming.” said the captain.
3 地點狀語提前：
eg ,On the bench sat a little man who was trembling in the wind.
In New York harbour stands the Statue of Liberty,which is a gift from French.
二 半倒的常見情況（謂語的一部分倒裝，通常只助動詞提前）：
1 在疑問句中：
eg, How did you find my house?
2 only修飾的狀語置于句首：
eg, Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
3 否定副詞置于句首：
eg： Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
eg: Never have I realised that water is so precious.
eg: Not only did he carry me to the hospital,but also kept me company there.
eg : No sooner had he sat down than the telephone rang.
eg : Hardly had the bell rang when the children rushed out of the room.
eg: Under no circumstances(任何情況下都不) will I give in to him.
=in no way/by no means/in no case
4表示前面所說內(nèi)容也適合后者：
eg , A better understanding of the environment is necessary,as(=so)is the willingness to act.
更好地了解環(huán)保是必要的，行動的愿望也是必要的。
eg, Without international cooperation,developing countries can’t prosper,nor will sustainable development be possible.
沒有國際合作發(fā)展中國家就不可能繁榮，可持續(xù)性發(fā)展也就不可能實現(xiàn)。
5 if虛擬的省略：
eg, Had I known that air conditioner cause so much pollution,I would never have bought one.
eg ,Were I you, I would do it in a different way.
三 其他情況的倒裝：
1主語太長，保持平衡：
eg Gone are the days when teachers are looked down upon.
eg Present at the meeting were representatives from more than 100 coutries as well as some famous performers
2為強調(diào)，將表語或狀語提前：
eg Greatly loved in China are the English romantic poets.
So bright is the boy that they all love him.
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
Hard as he worked,he still failed.
3 表祝愿的句型：
eg, Long live our friendship! 愿我們的友誼常青！
May you succeed/be successful!
Unit 10 frightening nature
一 重點短語
1 get into a total panic陷入完全的恐慌
2 make one’s hair stand on end使毛骨悚然
3 be scared/frightened/ to death嚇?biāo)?/p>
4 what terrifies/frightens/scares me is that…令我害怕的是
5 draw/attract/catch/capture one’s attention to …吸引某人的注意力
6 at a distance隔開一段距離 in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處
keep one’s distance from… 與…保持距離，不親近
eg,keep your distance from that dog.離狗遠(yuǎn)點
keep sb at a distance疏遠(yuǎn)某人，不親近
eg,He likes to keep people at a distance/keep his distance from people.
7 awake/arouse one’s conscience(curiosity,interest,memory)
喚起某人的良知（好奇心，興趣，回憶）
注意：rise/raise/arise/arouse的區(qū)別
8 at hand 在手邊，靠近的keep a dictionary (ready) at hand.把詞典放在手邊
9 find a way out 找到出路
10 urge sb to do 敦促，力勸某人做 注意：urge that.. ..(should) do
11 upon/on one’s arrival/arriving某人一到場
12 pick out挑選出，識別出 區(qū)別： make out 看出，聽出，辨別出
13 it’s one thing to do ..,another to do.做…是一回事，做…是另外一回事
14(get) on board（登上）飛機，船，火車 go abroad出國
15 knock about (sp)(sb)漫游，游蕩某地；虐待某人
16 all of a sudden/all at once突然
17 be done for（口語）被毀掉，完蛋
18 live through歷經(jīng)（并幸存） 比較：go through經(jīng)過，經(jīng)歷，瀏覽
get through通過,完成 pull through從（疾�。┲谢謴�(fù)；度過難關(guān)
19 strike a match劃火柴 (想想strike 還有那些意思？)
20.light up點燃 ；容光煥發(fā)
21 hold/reach out (one’s hand)for伸手去拿
22 a puff of wind一股風(fēng)
23 bury one’s head in one’s hands雙手蒙臉 bury oneself in=be buried in 埋頭于，專心于
聯(lián)想be buried in/be involved in/be engaged in/be occupied in/be employed in忙于，專心于,從事
24 spot sb doing sth=catch sb doing sth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做 spot one’s potential發(fā)現(xiàn)某人的潛質(zhì)
spot one’s fame/reputation=leave a spot on one’s fame/reputation玷污某人的名譽，聲譽
be on the spot 在現(xiàn)場
25 calm (sb)down(使某人)鎮(zhèn)定
26 What’s up?怎么了？ It’s up to you to decide it.這件事由你決定。
27 swear to do/that…發(fā)誓保證 eg,I swear never to cheat you.
二、重點句子
1 The sight of it awoke(aroused) the scientist in my uncle to go and see it close at hand.
此情景喚起了叔叔身上的科學(xué)精神，他要到近處看個究竟。
2 Upon arrival,my uncle hugged pompy and tried to give him courage.
“on／upon + 名詞／動名詞”可在句中作狀語，意為“一……就= as soon as
其他類似表達(dá)：（1）the (very) moment (instant，minute，second，etc.)…
(2) instantly；immediately; directly
(3) no sooner...than；hardly/scarcely...when
3 Supported by the two slaves,he stood up,and immediately fell down dead.
4 He looked more asleep than dead.與其說他死了倒不如說他睡著了。
此處意為“與其說…倒不如說..”。如： He was more frightened than angry. 與其說他生氣了，倒不如說他是嚇壞了。
5 You can pick out the important bits,for it is one thing to write a letter,another to write history.
6 Captain saw a white tower of water advancing towards them.
7 With a tearing crash,tons of water fell upon the deck,as though the ship passed under a waterfall.隨著一陣撕裂般的嘩啦聲，成噸的海水潑向甲板，仿佛輪船駛過了瀑布。
8 The hurricane,with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls,had found this little ship in its path.一股具有倒海沉船、摧毀銅墻鐵壁般威力的颶風(fēng)，一路風(fēng)馳電掣來到小船前。
三、語法（省略）
例如：1 Would you like to come to the party? Yes,I’d love to(come to the party) .
2 Do you want to be a teacher? No, I don’t want to be(a teacher).
3 Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday?
I intended to have(come to the party),but I had something important..
4 If not carefully dealt with,the situation would be worse.
=If the situation is not carefully with,…