Teaching aims:
To recognize the basic forms of the to-infinitive and the bare infinitive.
To learn how to use to-infinitives and bare infinitives in different situations.
To recognize the basic form of the verb-ing.
To learn how to use the verb-ing form as a noun in different situations
Teaching Key Points:
The usages of persuade and discourage
Teaching Difficulties:
The usages of infinitive and verb-ing
Teaching procedures:
Ⅰ.Lead-in
1. Free talk: show Ss some sentences and ask them to pay attention to the structure.
1. We all like listening to music.
2. If I have a chance to enjoy music, I will not refuse it.
3. I want/desire to make friends.
4. It is not easy to make a real friend.
5. I will try my best to help her/him out.
2. 解釋非謂語動詞。
3. Practice: To find the finite verb(謂語動詞) in the sentences above.
Summary: 非謂語動詞使用條件:
一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時,這些動詞就充當(dāng)了非謂語動詞。
4. Three types of “Non-predicate verb”
to do
v-ing
v-ed
Ⅱ. To-infinitive
1. Show Ss some sentences and ask them to find out the functions of each “to-infinitive”
To do that sort of thing is foolish. 主語
I want to see you this evening. 賓語
All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表語
We found a house to live in. 定語
She came here to study English. 狀語
I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 賓補(bǔ)
2. 考點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)歸納
1. 不定式的作用:
主語,表語;
1) ______ (see) is to believe.
2) It’s difficult ________ (find) a best friend.
To find a best friend is difficult.
3) My wish is ______ (be) a scientist.
4) Your task is __________ (clean) the classroom.
賓語,賓補(bǔ);
1. Our teacher promised ______ (see) the film with us.
2. The workers demanded _______ (get) better pay.
3. We think it important ______ (obey) the law.
4. He advised me _________ (read) English as often as possible.
5. I expect you _________ (give) me some help.
6. I made him _______ (do) his work.
狀語;
1. He got up early to catch the train.
2. Tim sat near the fire ______ (get) warm.
3. He is brave enough _______ (go) out alone at night.
4. I’m not such a fool ___________ (believe) that.
作結(jié)果狀語常用于一些固定搭配中如:too …to, enough to，only to，never to，so + 形容詞/副詞 +as to, such+名詞+as to do引導(dǎo).
定語
動詞不定式做定語時,應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后.它和被修飾詞之間有三種關(guān)系:主謂、動賓和同位.
He is the man to see you. 主謂關(guān)系
Please find me something to drink. I am very thirsty. 動賓關(guān)系
We all have a chance to go to college.同位關(guān)系
Tip:不定式作定語時,一般情況下,動作的執(zhí)行者出現(xiàn)時,就用主動形式.
注意:如果不定式部分的動詞是不及物動詞,則需帶上相應(yīng)的介詞.
2.時態(tài)和語態(tài)
歸納: 不定式的時態(tài)一般有:
to do (be done)動作尚未(被)發(fā)生
to be doing動作正在發(fā)生;
to have done (have been done)動作已經(jīng)(被)發(fā)生
e.g. 1. No one likes to be laughed at.
2. When the teacher came in, we pretended to be reading.
3. They seemed to have lost something.
3.不帶to的情況
不定式在一些動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語時, 不定式省略to.
但這種句子如果變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu),to要補(bǔ)上.
口訣：五看三使二聽一感覺
“前有do,后無to; 前無do, 后有to”.
1.不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.
2. 不定式在系動詞 后作表語時, 當(dāng)主語部分有行為動詞do, 作表語的不定式to可省略。
常見的固定搭配有:
1. had better do/ had better not do
2. would rather do sth. than do sth.
3. cannot but do sth.不得不------
4. why not do sth? 表建議 why do sth? 表責(zé)備
有兩個以上的不定式并列在一起時,第二個不定式的 to 可以省略
e.g.
1. I promise to finish my homework and hand it on time.
2. Do you want to go shopping or watch a film.
3. I decided to write rather than phone.
4.綜合考查-結(jié)合動名詞
1. 動名詞在句中的作用
1. Swimming is good for your health.
2. My favorite sport is swimming.
3. I love swimming in the sea during the summer.
4. I keep fit by swimming every day.
5. There is a shoe in the swimming pool.
2.綜合考查
綜合考查一：主語和表語
注意:主語和表語要用同一種形式；平行結(jié)構(gòu)中要用同一種形式，要注意一致性。
“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 + doing”
e.g.
1. ______ (see) is to believe.
2. ______ (see) is believing.
3. Missing this bus means ______ (wait) for another.
綜合考查二: 賓語
1. --- Do remember _______ it to your mother.
--- But I remember _____ my mother. (tell)
2. Tom, the windows are too dirty. They need _________________. (clean)
講解：1. 結(jié)合課文舉例探討一些動詞后跟ing與to do所表示動作概念的不同
2. want/require/demand/need 后跟 ing=to be done
綜合考查三:語義的差別
注意：不定式往往表特指某一具體動作，而動名詞表泛指，經(jīng)常性的動作。
______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking
C. To walk D. Walk
Ⅲ. Practice
1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. don’t make
2.I found the German language hard ____.
A. learned B. learning
C. to be learned D. to learn
3. ---What do you think of the school?
---It is a very good _____.
A. school to study in B. school for children to study
C. studying school D. school to study
4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth
_____ for him without delay.
A. to have woven B. to be woven
C. to be weaving D. to weave
5. _________ more about university courses, call (05920)746-3789.
A．To find out B. Finding out
C. Find out D. Having found out
6. I can’t stand ___ with Jane in the office. She just refuses ____talking while she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
7. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
8. Isn't it time you got down to _____ the papers?
A.mark B. be marked
C. being marked D. marking
Ⅳ. Homework
1. Finish the exercise in the text P8~11
2. Do the exercises in “ The Great English Class”
參考答案：
1. To see; to find; to be; to clean; to see; to get; to obey; to read; to give; do; to get; to go; as to believe;
2. 綜合考查：
To see; Seeing; waiting; to tell; telling; to be cleaned=cleaning; B
3. B D A B A C D D