1. Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination.
科學(xué)發(fā)展如此之快，以致于超出了我們的想像。
beyond prep. （表范圍）越出（某事物）范圍;超越:
（表位置）在或向（某物）的遠(yuǎn)處:
*beyond one’s power非某人能力所能及的
*beyond praise 夸不勝夸的
*be beyond sb. 使人無法想像/理解/做等
①自行車沒法修理了。The bicycle is beyond repair.
②We can’t see anything beyond the river because of the fog.
由于有霧，河的那邊我們什么也看不見。
③ The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is _________ description.
A. with B. in C. beyond D. on
Reading : The perfect copy
1. A recent announcement by scientists that …
announcement n. 宣告，通告
*make an announcement
announce v.宣布; 宣告; 發(fā)表
*announce sth. (to sb.)
*announce (to sb.)that
①She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience.
她向激動(dòng)的觀眾宣布了比賽的冠軍。
②宣布比賽什麼時(shí)候開始了嗎?
Have they announced when the race will begin?
比較declare v. 正式宣布（某事）; 表明:
declare sth./that/ sb. (to be)
① declare `war (on/against sb) 向… 宣戰(zhàn)
② declare the meeting open/closed 宣布會(huì)議開始/結(jié)束
③ She was declared (to be) guilty. 已宣判她有罪.
2. …h(huán)as caused much debate and has shocked many people around the world.
shock v [尤用於被動(dòng)語態(tài)] 使（某人）震驚;
*sth. shock sb.
*sb. be shocked at/by sth./ to do
*sth. be shocking 令人震驚的
① He was quite shocked to hear the shocking news.
② 她所說的真的讓我很震驚。
What she said really shocked me./
I was really shocked at/by what she said.
n. [C] 震驚; 震駭; 驚愕; 強(qiáng)烈的沖擊或震動(dòng)
①I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground.
飛機(jī)著陸時(shí)我感覺到震了一下.
②聽說他的病很嚴(yán)重, 我吃了一驚.
It gave me quite a shock to be told he was seriously ill.
3. On the other hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo…
on the one hand, on the other (hand) 一方面，另一方面
我不想去那里。 一方面因?yàn)槲覜]時(shí)間，另一方面我沒錢。
I don’t want to go there. On the one hand, I have no time and on the other hand, I have no money.
與hand 有關(guān)的短語：
give/lend sb. a hand 幫某人一個(gè)忙 by hand 用手工
hand in hand 手拉手 at hand 在手頭上
hand in 上交 hand over ... to… 移交
hand out 分發(fā) hand sth down …to 把… 傳遞給
hand on… to sb. 把… 轉(zhuǎn)交/送交… 某人
point out 指出
point at/to point … at
make a point 證明論點(diǎn)正確 to the point 切題，中肯
be on the point of doing 正要做某事
There is no point in doing 做某事無意義
off the point 離題，偏題
4. …if mankind interferes with nature in this way…
interfere v.
*interfere (in sth); ~ (between sb and sb)干涉; 介入; 干預(yù):
*interfere with sb/sth. 干擾或妨礙某人/某事
①他工作的時(shí)候不要打攪他.
Don't interfere with him while he's working.
②Don't interfere in matters that do not concern you!
不要干預(yù)與你無關(guān)的事!
Translation:
I advise you not to interfere in his affairs.
我勸你別干預(yù)他的事
交通噪音干擾了我的睡眠。
The noise of traffic interfered with my sleep.
n. interfere vi. 干涉，干預(yù)
5. …on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.
On the way to doing sth 即將做
by the way 順便問問 by way of 經(jīng)由，取道
in a way 在某種程度上 in the (one’s)way 擋道，妨礙他人
in this way 以這種方式，這樣 on one’s (the ) way to….去某地的路上
① The tree is ____ the way. We must chop it down.
② He is _____ the way to becoming a good lawyer.
③ I’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a storm might be ____ its way.
④ The work is well done ____ a way. （ in, on, on, in）
6. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough.
1) praise vt/vi/n 表揚(yáng)，贊揚(yáng)，表彰
praise sb for sth
in praise of 極力贊美，稱贊
sing high praise for 高度贊揚(yáng)
2） `breakthrough n 防線;重大的發(fā)展, 發(fā)現(xiàn), 突破（尤指科學(xué)知識(shí)方面）:
a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌癥研究方面的重大突破
a breakthrough in negotiations 談判的重大進(jìn)展.
break through有重要?jiǎng)?chuàng)見; 突破
Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
科學(xué)家們說, 他們?cè)诜乐伟┌Y方面開始有所突破
More phrases related to break:
break up 瓦解，解散，崩潰，打碎，分開
break down （因機(jī)械﹑ 電力等故障）停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn), 失靈；分解（改變某物的化學(xué)成分）；（身體）垮掉
break away (from sb/sth)突然逃脫, 掙脫（束縛）
break in強(qiáng)行闖入/break into…強(qiáng)行闖入某地
break out （指激烈事件）突然發(fā)生
Ex.（1）Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
(2) Fire broke out during the night.
(3) They decided to break up the partnership.
(4)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
(5)When he returned home, he found his house broken into.
(6)The prisoner broke away from his guards.
7. His intention has never been to create copies of humans.
Intention n. [C, U]意圖; 意向; 目的; 打算
*have intention of doing sth/to do/ that...有…打算
*With the intention of 有…打算
*have every intention of …一心想…
intend to do/plan to do/mean to do 打算做…
be intended/meant/designed for sb./to do sth
intentional prep.故意的， intentionally adv. 故意地
Practice:
① I came with the/every intention of staying, but now I've decided to leave.
我來時(shí)一心想留下, 但現(xiàn)在我已決定離開.
② 她不是要故意傷害你。
She had no intention of hurting you.
③ The performance of the host, _____ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, though.
A. had intended B. intended C. intend D. to intend
④ Those flowers were ______ for your mother on her fiftieth birthday.
A. devoted B. produced C. intended D supplied
⑤ The street in our village ______ heavy trucks.
A. never intended for B. never intend to
C. is never intended for D. is never intending for
(B, C, C)
8. desperate 1)拚命的; 不顧一切的:絕望的，不顧一切的
2) 極需要（某事物[做某事]）be desperate for sth./ to do sth. 非�？释�
①為了救小女兒他急需錢
He was desperate for money to save his little daughter.
②我非常想見到經(jīng)理并告訴他這個(gè)好消息。
I was desperate to see the manager and tell him the good news.
③ 當(dāng)他丟了所有的錢時(shí)，他絕望了。
He was desperate when he lost all his money.
Adv. desperately 拚命; 不顧一切; 不顧死活
9.If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby tomorrow.
本句為if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句，敘述與將來事實(shí)相反。
if 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句
（1） 敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句用：would/should/could/might do, if 從句用：v-ed/were
（2） 敘述與過去事實(shí)相反，主句用：would/should/could/might have done, if 從句用：had done
（3） 敘述與將來事實(shí)相反，主句用：would/should/could/might do, if 從句用：v-ed/should do/were to do.
①If I ____ (have)time, I would _____ (go) to see her next week.
②He would _______(pass) the test if he _______(listen)to the teacher attentively.
③If you _____(tell) me earlier, I would _____(know) the news now.
(had/should have/were to have, go; have passed had listened; had told, know)
注意:（1）條件句中有were, had, should時(shí)，可把if省略，而把were, had, should 放在主語前，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
（2）有時(shí)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致，主句的動(dòng)詞和從句的動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。
④ ______ the present unemployment continue, the society would face a more troublesome situation.
A. Would B. Should C. Might D. Could
⑤What could have happened _____ , as far as the river bank.
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C.had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
⑥If you were to do it, the result _____ different.
⑦Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B said C might say D. might have said
(B, C, would be, D)
10.Some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.
deliver v. (1)助產(chǎn); 接生
(2) 遞送, 傳送（信件﹑ 包裹﹑ 貨物等）
(3)授（課）; 講（話）
deliver a baby –be delivered of 生下孩子
deliver a message 帶話，傳話
deliver a speech at a meeting 在會(huì)上講話
deliver sth (over) to sb. 把…交付給某人
①Her baby was delivered by her own doctor.
她的嬰兒是由她自己的醫(yī)生給接生的。
②你把我的信息傳給我父親了嗎?
Have you delivered my message to my father?
③她生了一個(gè)健康的男嬰。
She was delivered of a healthy baby boy.
11. … research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind.
benefit *vt. benefit sb. 使（某人[某事物]）受益;
*vi benefit from/by sth從…得益 .
* n. 利益，好處 for the benefit of sb.=for sb.’s benefit 為了某人的利益
be of benefit 大有好處
*beneficial adj. 有好處的，有幫助的
be beneficial to sb./sth.
①These facilities have benefited the whole town.
這些設(shè)施使全城受益.
②新規(guī)章將使所有相關(guān)人員受益。
The new rules will be of benefit to everyone. / beneficial to
③他雖有體驗(yàn)卻無長(zhǎng)進(jìn).
He hasn’t benefited from his previous experience.
④別為我費(fèi)功夫。
Don’t go to any trouble for my benefit.
12. … or even a superman race that could one day end up replacing us.
end up 以…告終
△end up + adj/doing/prep/
①最終他不得不向父親道歉。
At last, he had to end up apologizing to his father.
②如果他繼續(xù)這樣開車，總有一天會(huì)送命的。
If he carries on driving like this, he’ll end up dead.
③If you go on like this, you’ll end in prison.
end in sth 以…結(jié)尾，以…告終
come to an end 告終，結(jié)束
bring sth to an end 使…結(jié)束
from beginning to end 從頭到尾
13. comment n&v. 評(píng)論，注釋, 解釋;
Comment on/upon
make/ have comment(s) on/upon
①對(duì)于這本書他作了若干評(píng)論。
He made several comments on the book.
②This is the first draft of the book, please feel perfectly free to comment on it.
這是本書的初稿，請(qǐng)隨意給予評(píng)論。
14.I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are fantastic.
advance n. 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)步；改進(jìn)，改善
vt/vi.(使)前進(jìn)，(使)進(jìn)步，（使）增進(jìn)
in advance 預(yù)先，事先
pay in advance 預(yù)先付款
stop the enemy’s advance 阻止敵軍前進(jìn)
recent advances in medical science 醫(yī)學(xué)上的新進(jìn)展
① Our troops have advanced two miles. 我們的部隊(duì)已經(jīng)前進(jìn)了兩英里.
② 本世紀(jì)文明有所進(jìn)步嗎? Has civilization advanced during this century?
advanced adj. 先進(jìn)的，高等的
advanced workers 先進(jìn)工作者
advanced maths 高等數(shù)學(xué)
Other phrases in Reading
1. make an announcement recently 最近宣布
2. cause/contribute to/lead to/ result in much anxiety 導(dǎo)致/引起焦慮
3. on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
4. point out one’s fault 指出某人的過錯(cuò)
5. interfere with nature 干涉自然
6. on one’s way to doing 離…不遠(yuǎn)了
7. the first mammal to be cloned 將被克隆的第一例哺乳動(dòng)物
8. at a much younger age
9. in general=generally
10. scientific breakthrough 科學(xué)突破
11. concentrate/focus efforts on 集中在…上_
12. with the intention of destroying them 帶著摧毀它們的企圖
13. show no respect for .對(duì)…表示不敬
14. cause a lot of anxiety 引起很多不安
15. be desperate to do 拼命要做
16. push ahead with the significant policy
17. be genetically related to…一般與…有關(guān)
18. push ahead with 推進(jìn)
19. deliver a baby 接生(一個(gè)孩子)
20. benefit mankind 造福人類
21. be faced with a desperate situation 面臨絕境
22. deliver supplies to flooded villagers 為受災(zāi)的村民們遞送供給物
23. succeed in dealing with the consequences成功地處理了這些結(jié)果
24. benefit mankind enormously
25. be totally immoral to do…是絕對(duì)不道德的
26. end up replacing …最終替代了…
27. be delighted to do 很高興做…
28. use up Earth’s resources 耗盡地球資源
29. comment on/make comment on 評(píng)論
30. in complete agreement with 與…完全一致
31. challenge questions of morality for centuries 質(zhì)疑道德問題好多世紀(jì)
32. on a personal note 就個(gè)人而言
33. die of heart failure 死于心臟衰竭
34. have no concept of cloning 對(duì)克隆一無所知
35. have no right to go against nature 無權(quán)違背自然
36. put … in place 把…放置好
37. take away his license 沒收他的執(zhí)照
38. declare cloning humans illegal 宣布克隆人類違法
Word Power
1. It’s uncertain whether they’ll ever succeed totally.
Whether 為_______從句，it 為形式主語。
be uncertain of/about//wh- to do 從句
sb. be certain / sure about/of sth/that…
sb. be certain /sure to do 某人一定會(huì)做
It’s certain/uncertain that… 確信/不確信
( C ) Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ______ if a mirror is broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to strike D. was sure to struck
(B) Wait till you are more _____. It’s better to be sure than sorry.
A. inspired B. certain C. calm D. satisfied
(B) –Have you heard that Susan has been appointed Director of the English Department?
--After working so hard for so many years, ____.
A. she surely welcomes it. B. she certainly deserves it
C. she is welcome to it D. it’s a good news.
2. be made up of 由…組成
make up 組成，構(gòu)成，化妝
be made of/from 由…制成
be made into 被制成（成品）
make the most of 充分利用=make the best of/make full use of
make up for…彌補(bǔ)（the lost time）
( C ) 1. The good service at the hotel _____ the poor food to some extent.
A. got rid of B. got on with
C. made up for D. made up of
( A ) 2. It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly ____ rice and vegetables. Do you like the one ____
A. consisting of; made of B. made up for; consisting of
C. made from, made of D. consisting in, consisting of
Phrases:
be opposed to +n/doing 反對(duì)
fight a hopeless battle against…
advanced technology
compare one’s body to one’s school life
A be similar to B in sth
newly found knowledge
security guards
Grammar and Task
1.figure sb/sth out 理解某人[某事物]; 弄明白，計(jì)算出
①I can’t figure out how to do this. 我一直沒弄懂該怎樣處理這件事。
②旅行要花多少錢你算出來了嗎？
Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
figure on (sb./sth) doing 計(jì)劃，預(yù)料到
n. 數(shù)字，圖表，畫像，身材, 體態(tài)
have a head for figures 有算術(shù)頭腦
have a good figure 身材好
2. judgement n. pass /give judgement on sb. 對(duì)某人判決
Judge v.. He will act as a judge at the singing competition.在唱歌比賽中他將當(dāng)裁判。
v. 判斷，認(rèn)為，估計(jì)，斷定
He was judged to be guilty. 他被判有罪
We judge it no use trying again. 我們認(rèn)為再試一次也沒用
Judge by/ from -- 根據(jù)---來判斷
不要以貌取人Don’t judge a person by / from his appearance.
Judging from/by her dress, she may be an actress.
3. involve vt 包括, 包含, 牽涉, 牽連（某人[某事物]）
involve sb/sth in (doing) sth (1)使某人[某事物]參與某活動(dòng)或陷入某情況
(2)使某人[某事物]陷入（困境）
Sb. be involved in sth 某人熱衷于…專心于，參與…
①Don't involve me in solving your problems!
你解決你的問題, 不要把我扯進(jìn)去。
② 他參與了一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)論。
He was involved in a heated argument.
③她專心于解答一道難題。
She was involved in working out a puzzle.
( C )④_________in his work, he didn’t notice the time.
A. Involving B. Having involved
C. Involved D. Being involved
4.behave vt 舉動(dòng)，表現(xiàn)； behavior n. 舉止，行為
behave well /badly (towards sb)（ 對(duì)某人）表現(xiàn)好/不好
Do behave! 規(guī)矩點(diǎn)！
behave oneself （某人）規(guī)矩點(diǎn)，老實(shí)點(diǎn)
①父親讓這個(gè)調(diào)皮的孩子在客人面前規(guī)矩點(diǎn)。
The naughty boy was told by his father to behave well in front of the guests.
②聚會(huì)上他表現(xiàn)很好。 He behaved quite well at the party.
5. majority n. 多數(shù)，多半
a/ the majority of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式
the majority 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)均可
in a /the majority 占大多數(shù)
①多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 The majority were /was for the plan.
②The proposal was passed by a majority of 66. 這個(gè)提議以超過66票通過。
( C )③Don’t worry about the situation in the world. ______ of people prefer peace to war.
A. The most B. The great part C. The majority D. The number
(C) ④ She was elected by _____ majority of 35 ____ other candidates.
A. /, over B. a, to C. a, over D. /, to
6. conclude vi&vt 總結(jié)，下結(jié)論，結(jié)束
conclusion n. 結(jié)論
*conclude st with sth 以…結(jié)束某事
*conclude sth with sb. 跟某人達(dá)成…
*in conclusion （插入語）最后
*bring sth to conclusion = bring sth to an end
*draw/ come to/ reach a conclusion that… 得出結(jié)論
①The meeting concluded at 8 o’clock. 會(huì)議于8點(diǎn)結(jié)束。
②他匆忙結(jié)束了他的演講
He concluded his speech in a hurry.
③He concluded that the plan was not workable.
His conclusion is that the plan was not workable.
He drew a conclusion that the plan was not workable.
6. urge vt 催促，力勸；強(qiáng)烈要求，主張
urgent prep. 緊急的，緊迫的
urge sb. to do sth / urge sb into doing 力勸某人做某事
urge that sb. should do 強(qiáng)烈要求某人做某事
urge against 強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)
It is /was urged that.. (should) 有人主張…
in urgent need 急需
① The class are discussing a newspaper editorial that ____ citizens to help reduce the noise and air pollution in the city.
A. ordered B. demanded C. promised D. urged
②Teachers urged us that we _____ our heart into our study.
A. put B. would put C. will put D. putting
③她強(qiáng)烈主張通過保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的法律。
He urged that law to protect wild animals should be passed.
7. seek vt. 征求，尋求；探索，探尋(sought-sought)
seek after /for sth 尋找，追求
seek sth from sb 向某人尋求某事
seek help/ advice /information 請(qǐng)求幫助/征求意見/尋求信息
seek one’s fortune 碰運(yùn)氣，尋求致富/成功之道
seek sb./sth. out 找出或找到某人/某物
① He spent many years ___(seeking)__ his fortune in Shanghai
② He tried every means to _seek after _______ the princess.
③ 如果你有問題，可以請(qǐng)他幫忙。
If you have any questions, you can seek help from him.
8. advocate v 擁護(hù); 提倡; 支持 n. 支持者, 擁護(hù)者,提倡者 advocate sth/doing/
①He advocates reducing military spending. 他主張削減軍費(fèi)開支
②你支持禁止汽車在市中心通行這一主張嗎
Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre?
an advocate of environmental preservation
環(huán)保擁護(hù)者
9. alternative n 可供選擇的辦法或事物，adj. 可供選擇的
*have no alternative but do=have no choice but to do
①You have the alternative of marrying or remaining single.
你可以結(jié)婚也可以仍做單身漢, 任你選擇.
②他被當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住, 除了招供別無出路.
Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess.
③你可以在坐車和步行中選擇一種。
You have the alternative of riding or walking.
10．resistant adj. 抵抗的; 對(duì)抗的; 抗拒的; 有阻力的
be resistant to sth. (pests, reforms, viruses…)
與其它詞連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞
Water-/heat-/rust-resistant 防水/隔熱/防銹
resist v. 抵抗; 對(duì)抗 ;不受（某事物）的損害或影響; 抗; 耐
resist an attack/an enemy/arrest 抵抗進(jìn)攻/敵人/拘捕
resist the temptation of 抵制…誘惑
Other phrases:
an the field of science 在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域
a challenging profession 具有挑戰(zhàn)的職業(yè)
figure out all the mysteries 弄明白所有的難解之謎
have/ make a breakthrough 取得突破
be cautious of/ about …謹(jǐn)慎，小心
look the same as 看上去和…一樣
on one’s part 就某人而言
recent advances in …在…方面的新進(jìn)展
get/ be bored with/ be tired of 對(duì)…厭倦
be burnt out 累垮
natural food 天然食品
thoughts on the topic 對(duì)話題的看法
in reply to 對(duì)… 答復(fù)
in response to 對(duì)…回答/響應(yīng)
be totally immoral 完全不道德
follow in one’s footsteps 步…后塵，效法某人
conduct a survey 開展調(diào)查
to conclude 最后
seek the opinions of sb. 征求某人的意見
have a longer shelf life 保質(zhì)期更長(zhǎng)
concerns over the safety of GM food 對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的關(guān)注
make crops resistant to pests 使作物抗蟲害
be limited to increasing production profits 局限于越來越多的生產(chǎn)利潤(rùn)
be proved safe 證明安全的
Project Having a debate
1. We further damage Earth by constructing new water channels for shipping…
construct vt. 建筑, 建造（某物）; 構(gòu)成; 形成
construction n.施工; 建設(shè); 建造物;構(gòu)造物;
constructive adj.有建設(shè)性的，有幫助的
under construction 正在修建
①They are planning to construct a bridge over the river.
他們正計(jì)劃在這條河上造橋。
②新鐵路正在建造中。
The new railway is under construction.
3. Would anyone say that economic development should be stopped in favor of nature?
in favor of 支持， 贊同
in one’s favor=to the advantage of sb. 對(duì)某人有利
favor n. 恩惠，善意，支持；贊同，好感，
vt. 對(duì)…表示好感，支持，贊同，偏愛
ask a favor of sb. 請(qǐng)某人幫忙
do sb a favor =do a favor for sb=give sb a hand
win one’s favor 獲得某人的好感
(B) ①Will you do me _____ to translate this sentence into English?
A. the favor B. a favor C. a help D. a hand
②兩院一致投票贊成這項(xiàng)決定
Both Houses voted unanimously in favor of the decision.
③Fortune favors the brave.命運(yùn)眷顧勇者。
4. Other people argue that such thinking may spell disaster…
argue with sb about/ over sth 因某事同某人爭(zhēng)論
argue for/ against sth 為贊成或反對(duì)某事而爭(zhēng)辯
argue that…主張
argue sb. into/ out of doing sth 說服某人做
spell vt. pt, pp spelled-spelled or spelt-spelt
(a)（用字母）拼（某字）; 拼寫;正確地拼（字）
(b) 招致（某事物）; 意味著
①How do you spell your name? _______
②The failure of their crops spelt disaster for farmers.
作物歉收農(nóng)民就要受災(zāi).
n. [c] 咒語; 咒; 符咒
5. In doing so, they are using up natural resources at a fast rate.
rate n. 比率; 率, 速度; 進(jìn)度, 價(jià)格，費(fèi)用；
the rate of finished products 成品率
be sold at a high rate 以高價(jià)出售
postal rates 郵費(fèi)
① He works at a high rate. 他工作效率很高。
② He is walking at a ___ of 4 kilometers an hour.
A. distance B. rate C. road D. difference
③火車正以每小時(shí)80公里的速度前進(jìn)。
The train was going at a rate of 80 kilometers an hour.
6. Most of the time it turns out that humans are not really profiting when they damage the environment.
Turn out 結(jié)果證明
Sb./sth. turn out (to be) + adj./ n =It turns/turned out that…
① If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans.
萬一下雨的話, 我們也許得改變計(jì)劃。
② The rumor turned out to be true.
→It turned out that the rumor was true.
turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)，思考 turn into 變成
turn down 調(diào)�。ㄒ袅康龋�；拒絕 turn up 調(diào)大（音量等）；露面
turn to 向…求助；翻到 turn against 反對(duì)，背叛
turn round/around 轉(zhuǎn)向，轉(zhuǎn)頭 turn away 轉(zhuǎn)過臉去；把…打發(fā)走
turn n. 轉(zhuǎn)變，變化，輪流，輪班
by turns 輪流，交替 in turn 依次，輪流；轉(zhuǎn)而，反過來
It’s one’s turn to do sth 輪到某人做某事
take turns to do 輪流做
Practice:
③ The performance supposed to be popular ____ to be a great disappointment after it was over.
A. turned up B. turned down C. turned out D. turned over
④ None of us expected the chairman to ____ at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.
A. turn in B. turn over C. turn up D. turn down
⑤When he was in trouble, there was no one that he could ____
A. ask for B. refer to C. turn to D. look for
⑥ The weather report says it will _____ cold tomorrow.
A. turn up B. turn out C. turn on D. turn in
⑦A cold wind began to blow and he _____ his collar to keep out the cold.
A. turned down B. turned off C. turned over D. turned up
⑧-Why does she always ask you for help?
---There is no one else ____, is there?
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
⑨If you miss your ____, you’ll have to wait another round.
A. turn B. chance C. luck D opportunity
( C, C, C, B, D, B, A)
7. He must have been working too hard to notice.
must用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，語氣比較強(qiáng)烈，也可用may/might替代。其在否
定句和疑問句中的替代詞是can.
be + n./adj. 或do You must like beer very much, don’t you ?
（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） You must be tired, aren’t you ?
You wear a pair of glasses, you must be a student, aren’t
you ?
must be doing
（現(xiàn)在） （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)） The light in the office is still on, Mr. Xu must be preparing
lessons, isn’t he ?
have done Tom is watching TV, and he must have finished homework,
（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） hasn’t he ?
have been +n/adj. You must have been very tired then after such a long trip,
weren’t you ?
或have done The ground is wet, it must have rained last night, didn’t it _?
（一般過去時(shí)）
must have been doing -I tried to call you at 8:00 last night, but I couldn’t get
through.
（過去） （過去進(jìn)行時(shí)） -Oh, someone must have been using the telephone.
have done -When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
（過去完成時(shí)， -I suppose it must have begun 30 minutes before, hadn’t it ?
同一般過去時(shí)）
① He B the meeting yesterday afternoon, as he was at home looking after his sick child.
A. mustn’t have attended B. couldn’t have attended
C. shouldn’t have attended D. needn’t have attended
② How ___C___he have finished such heavy work within one day?
A. must B. should C. could D. need
Phrases in the project
overdevelop Earth’s resources 過度開發(fā)地球資源
construct new water channels 建造新的水渠
in this way 這樣，以這種方式
be good for sb. 對(duì)某人有好處
in favor of nature 贊成支持自然
from the point of view of sb. =from sb’s point of view 在某人看來
meet/satisfy one’s needs/ demands/ requirements 滿足某人的需求
meet the everyday needs of sb. 滿足某人的日常需求
spell disaster 遭致災(zāi)難
in our relationship with nature 我們與自然的關(guān)系
at a fast rate 快速
be blamed for sth/ doing 應(yīng)…而受指責(zé)
hundreds of thousands of 幾十萬，無數(shù)
without the environment around them suffering 他們周圍的環(huán)境不遭殃
a question of humans winning and nature losing 人類獲勝自然失敗的問題
It’s mankind’s responsibility to find solutions…找到…解決方案是人類的責(zé)任
leave a lasting impression 留下持久的印象
Sb come up with sth某人想到某主意---sth come up