班級(jí) 姓名 學(xué)號(hào) 等第
Unit 2 Witnessing time
Reading Language points
Learning Aims: 1) to learn some language points in this text to enlarge the vocabulary
2) to use the language points when doing the exercises.
Learning important points: to analyze some long and complicated sentences
Learning difficult points: how to analyze the long and complicated sentences
Learning Procedures:
1【原句回放】The Western or Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, which is a long distance race named for a Greek messenger who ran from Marathon to Athens to report a victory at the battle of Marathon in 490 BC. (Page18, lines 6-11)
西方字母表或羅馬字母表是希臘人的發(fā)明。馬拉松賽跑也是，這種長(zhǎng)跑比賽是為紀(jì)念一位希臘信使而命名的。公元前490年，這名信使從馬拉松一直跑到雅典，報(bào)告了馬拉松戰(zhàn)役大捷。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】as is the marathon 是_非限制性定語(yǔ)__從句，as 是_關(guān)系代__詞；which is a long distance……是_非限制性定語(yǔ)__從句；named for a Greek messenger 做__后置定語(yǔ)__(成分)；who ran from Marathon to ……是___定語(yǔ)___從句。
【拓展提升】as (通常后接be或do +主語(yǔ)) 也一樣= (and) so +be/do+主語(yǔ)
The film is so boring，_ as is its music. 這部電影很乏味，其音樂(lè)也是如此。
Our eating habits have changed, __as has our way of life__. 我們的飲食習(xí)慣已改變了，我們的生活方式也是如此。
○1The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what B. that C. how D. as
○2The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
○3His plan was such a good one ______ we all agreed to accept it.
A. as B. that C. so D. after which
2 【原句回放】In particular, we associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens, the greatest symbol of which is the Acropolis. (Page18, lines 17-20)
我們尤其將古希臘文明與其首都雅典城相聯(lián)系，而雅典最偉大的標(biāo)志就是雅典衛(wèi)城。
【語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)】1) in particular = particularly 特別地;尤其
He stressed that point in particular. 譯：_他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一點(diǎn)_______ particular: adj. 1. 特殊的;特定的;特別的;特有的;異常的; (過(guò)于)講究的;苛求的,挑剔的[(+about/over)][(+wh-)]
請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子中particular的含義
○1The teacher showed particular concern for the disabled child. ___特別的_____
○2Her particular way of smiling left a good impression on me. __特有的________
○3She is particular about what she eats. __挑剔的______
2) associate…with… 把(某事物與他事物)聯(lián)想在一起 be associated with __和…有聯(lián)系__
We always _ associate computers with Bill Gates.我們總是把電腦與比爾蓋茨聯(lián)想在一起。
Many road accidents_ are associated with driving too fast __.許多道路事故與駕駛過(guò)快有關(guān)。
The cancer risks _ associated with smoking ___(與抽煙有關(guān)的) have been well documented.
3【原句回放】 The last major destruction of this kind occurred with the theft of many of the best sculptures in 1801, when an Englishman, Lord Elgin, started to take them to London, and later sold them to the British government. (Page18, lines 60-65)
最近一次人為的重大破壞發(fā)生于1801年，許多最精美的雕像遭竊，當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)的埃爾金爵士開(kāi)始把這些雕塑運(yùn)到倫敦，后來(lái)賣給了英國(guó)政府。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】when an Englishman, Lord Elgin, started ……是__定語(yǔ)___從句，when是__關(guān)系副__詞。
【語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)】occur occurred occurred
vi. 發(fā)生; 存在，出現(xiàn); (想法、念頭等) 想起，浮現(xiàn) (sth occur to sb /It occurs to sb that)
寫(xiě)出下列句子中occur的含義
○1Violence of some sort seems to occur in every society. ____存在___
○2It never even occurred to us that he hadn't been invited. __(想法、念頭等) 想起___
○3That plane crash occurred only minutes after take-off. ____發(fā)生___
請(qǐng)把下列句子翻譯成英文(使用occur)
你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)想到他在撒謊嗎？__ Didn't it occur to you that he was lying?
我想到要去拜訪我的老師。_ It occurred to me to visit my teacher.
【詞義辨析】occur, happen, take place
三者都表示“發(fā)生”，都是不及物動(dòng)詞。
happen: 指“偶然發(fā)生”時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為“事”；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是“人”時(shí)，意為“碰巧”, sb. happen to do sth.
sth. happen to sb./sth. 指不好的事情發(fā)生在某人（物）身上。
他碰巧知道那個(gè)地方。 譯：__ He happened to know the place.
occur: 指“發(fā)生”時(shí)可與 happen 換用，但后接to sb．／sth．時(shí)，兩者含義不同：
occur to sb． 指“某種思想等呈現(xiàn)于某人的知覺(jué)中”。
_ Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it? 你難道就沒(méi)想過(guò)給他們打個(gè)電話？
take place: 表示“發(fā)生”，可與 happen 或occur換用，但其后面一般不接 to sb.／sth．結(jié)構(gòu)；指計(jì)劃安排好必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，多用 take place；此外take place 還可表示“舉行某種活動(dòng)”。
In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.
一九一九年，中國(guó)發(fā)生了五四運(yùn)動(dòng)。
4【原句回放】They are still on display there under the title of ‘Elgin Marbles’, and this has caused some friction between Greece and Britain as the Greek government has never given up asking for the return of these marble statues.(Page19, lines 67-72).
如今它們?nèi)匀辉谀抢镎钩觯诿麨椤鞍柦鸫罄硎袼堋�。這導(dǎo)致了希臘和英國(guó)之間的摩擦，因?yàn)橄ＥD政府一直要求英國(guó)歸還這些大理石雕像。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 and 連接兩個(gè)_并列分句__; as the Greek government has never……是_原因狀語(yǔ)___從句。
原句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為：They are still on display there under the title of ‘Elgin Marbles’, __which__ has caused some friction between Greece and Britain as the Greek government has never given up asking for the return of these marble statues.
【語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)】 1) on display/ on show 意為_(kāi)__被展出；被展覽_______
這些畫(huà)片陳列在商店櫥窗里。 譯：_ These pictures are on display in the shop windows．_
2) under the title of 意為_(kāi)__在……名下；冠以……名____
3) ask for the return of 意為_(kāi)__要求歸還_……_______
5【原句回放】In a gesture to help preserve history, the Greek government established a committee in 1975 to undertake the complete, professional restoration of the Acropolis.(Page19, lines 92-96). 為保存歷史，希臘政府于1975年成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)衛(wèi)城全面、專業(yè)的修復(fù)。
【語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)】1) in a gesture to = in order to
In a gesture to reduce pollution__(為了減少污染), the government tried all means.
gesture n. 手勢(shì)，示意動(dòng)作；姿態(tài)，表示 vt. 用手勢(shì)(或動(dòng)作)表示vi. 做手勢(shì),用動(dòng)作示意
請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的中文意思和gesture的詞性：
○1They communicated entirely by gesture. 意為：__用手勢(shì) 名詞________
○2They sent some flowers as a gesture of sympathy to the parents of the child.
意為：__以表示同情 名詞______
○3She was gesturing so excitedly that I knew something was wrong. 意為：_做手勢(shì)_ vi__
○4I gestured the child over. 意為：_用手勢(shì)(或動(dòng)作)表示 vt.___
2) undertake undertook undertaken
undertake a task/a project/research/a study etc 承擔(dān)（工作，責(zé)任），承辦；著手，進(jìn)行
undertake to do sth. (promise to do sth.) 許諾，同意做某事
The police will undertake a thorough investigation into the case.
譯：__警方將對(duì)這起案件進(jìn)行徹底的調(diào)查。__
The government has undertaken to solve environmental problems.
譯：_政府已經(jīng)許諾要解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題。_
6【原句回放】The committee is also undertaking important educational work based on the consensus of the members that the best form of conservation is the prevention of damage.(Page19, lines 115-120)
最好的保護(hù)形式是防止破壞�；谶@一共識(shí)，該委員會(huì)還進(jìn)行了重要的教育工作。
【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】that the best form of conservation……引導(dǎo)__同位語(yǔ)__從句，先行詞是_consensus__; based on在句子中做___狀語(yǔ)____成分。
7【原句回放】By learning about damage prevention, people will be able to enjoy this historic monument for generations to come. (Page19, lines 125-127)
知道如何防止破壞，人們就能世世代代地欣賞到這一歷史遺跡了。
【語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)】 短語(yǔ)for generations to come中的to come是不定式作_后置定語(yǔ)__成分，表示“將來(lái)的”、“未來(lái)的”。
Nobody knows what will happen__in the years to come_____. 沒(méi)人知道未來(lái)的歲月里會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
Reading 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1.have an impact on 對(duì)…有影響 2.be responsible for 成為…原因或根源；有責(zé)任
3. in particular 尤其；特別地 4. associate…with…把…和…聯(lián)想在一起
5. temples to 向…表示敬意的廟 6. throughout history 歷史上
7.no different 完全一樣 8. the latter 后者
9.seize control of 奪取，取得控制 10. be on display 在展覽
11.under the title of 冠名為… 12.be recognized as 被承認(rèn)/認(rèn)可為…
13.in a gesture to 為了… 14.in preparation for 為…作準(zhǔn)備
15.in an organized way 有序地 16.bring…back to… 使…重現(xiàn)…
17.fall down 掉落；倒塌 18.protect … from… …保護(hù)…使不受殺害
19.based on 在…的基礎(chǔ)上 20.care about 關(guān)心，關(guān)注；擔(dān)心
21.generations to come 后代 22.in honour of 紀(jì)念；向…表敬意
23. be transferred to 被轉(zhuǎn)移到… 24.be named for 以…名字命名
25. make advances in various fields 在眾多領(lǐng)域取得發(fā)展
隨堂訓(xùn)練
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容和首字母提示填空
The ancient Greeks have had a great i_________ on Western civilization. When we talk about ancient Greek civilization, we often think of the c________ city of Athens, whose greatest s_________ is the Acropolis.
The Acropolis was built in h__________ of Athena, the goddess of Athens in the 5th century BC. There are three main temples to Athena inside the Acropolis, among which the Parthenon is the largest, containing a gold and ivory s____________ of Athena.
The Acropolis has been d___________ many times throughout history, so when Greece was recognized as an i_____________ country in 1832, the Acropolis was almost in r___________. In 1835, the new government tried to r__________ the Acropolis but without any success. On the contrary, things even got worse due to the industrial p__________ and the millions of tourists.
Fortunately, the Greek government realized the importance of preserving history and e________ a committee in 1975 to u__________ the complete, professional restoration of the Acropolis, and much work has been done ever since, e___________ during the years when preparation for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games was made.
The committee is also trying to make people know that the best form of c____________ is the prevention of damage. By learning about damage prevention, people will be able to enjoy this h___________ monument for generations to come.
隨堂訓(xùn)練的答案：
influence capital symbol honour statue damaged independent ruins restore pollution established undertake especially conservation historic