羅玉南
重點(diǎn)詞語用法
1．lay的用法
lay[lei]vt. 放置；擺放。它是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過去式和過去分詞均為laid。例如：
①He laid the envelope on the table.他把信封放在桌子上。
②She was ill and laid herself in bed all day long.
她病了，整天躺在床上。
③Please lay these desks along,鷑ot across.
這些書桌請(qǐng)順著放，別橫著放。
④In order to lay a solid foundation they work hard at English.
為了打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，他們刻苦地學(xué)習(xí)英語。
⑤The boy lying on the ground lied that he had laid the dictionary on the table.
躺在地板上的那個(gè)男孩謊稱他把詞典放在桌子上了。
2．動(dòng)詞book的用法
book[buk] vt. 訂(票、座位、房間等)。例如：
①I have booked a room on the first floor.
我已經(jīng)在一樓訂了個(gè)房間。
②Have they booked ticket for the wonderful film?
他們已經(jīng)訂了那部精彩影片的票了嗎？
③You can book the seats for the theatre in the early morning.
一大早你就可以預(yù)定劇院的座位。
④I want to book the plane ticket to Jinan.
我想訂張去濟(jì)南的飛機(jī)票。
3．determine的用法
determine [di't+min]v.其后通常接不定式短語、從句或介詞短語，意為“決心，決定”(=decide; make up one's mind)。例如：
①We determined to finish the work ahead of time.
我們決定提前完成工作。
②I haven't determined when we will hold the meeting.
我還沒有決定什么時(shí)候召開這次會(huì)議。
③Did he determine on an early start?他決定早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身了嗎？
【注意】determine的過去分詞形式determined通常用作表語，其后跟不定式短語或從句。例如：
①If he is determined to do something,鷑obody can stop him from doing so.
如果他決定做某事，任何人也無法阻止他去做。
②All the students in our class are determined to learn English well.
我班所有的同學(xué)都決心學(xué)好英語。
③His brother was determined to give us some advice on English grammar.
他哥哥決定給我們提一些關(guān)于英語語法的建議。
④Our teacher was determined that no one should fall behind this term.
我們老師下決心這學(xué)期不讓一個(gè)人掉隊(duì)。
4．promise的用法
promise['pr&mis] vt.“答應(yīng)；允諾”。其后通�？筛~、代
詞、不定式或that從句等。例如：
①They promised an immediate help.他們答應(yīng)立即給予幫助。
②He promised us a present for our party.
他答應(yīng)晚會(huì)上送我們一件禮物。
③I promised to help the people in need of help.
我答應(yīng)幫助那些需要幫助的人們。
④I promise my daughter that I shall buy her a new toy in Beijing.
我答應(yīng)我女兒給她在北京買一件新玩具。
⑤He that promises too much means nothing.
[諺語]許愿太多的人是不打算兌現(xiàn)的。
5．a(chǎn)bsent
1)absent是形容詞，相當(dāng)于not present,away，作“不在，缺席”解，常用作表語。
absent from school 未到校 absent from work 未上班
absent from duty 缺勤鷄bsent on business 因事缺勤
absent on a tour 外出旅游鷄bsent with leave 請(qǐng)假缺席
absent without leave 無故缺席
2)其名詞形式為absence。
①His repeated absence is worrying.他一再缺課令人擔(dān)憂。
②In the absence of the manager,I shall be in charge.經(jīng)理不在時(shí)，由我負(fù)責(zé)。
3)absence of mind是“心不在焉”的意思。absent-minded意為“心不在焉的，健忘的”，用作形容詞。
①It was absence of mind that made him insensible to all that was passing around him.
由于他心不在焉，他一點(diǎn)也不知道周圍發(fā)生的事。
②He became absent-minded with age.
因上了年紀(jì)他變得丟三落四的。
6．consider
1)consider作“考慮”解時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)名詞或從句，不可接不定式。
①He considered going to see them in person.
他考慮親自去看望他們。
②Have you considered how you could get there?
你是否考慮過如何到哪兒。
2)consider 作“認(rèn)為”解時(shí)可接從句或不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
①We considered that you are not to blame.我們認(rèn)為不該責(zé)怪你。
②We considered him(to be) the best.我們認(rèn)為他最好。
③She is considered to lack experience.人們認(rèn)為她經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足。
④He will be considered a wise leader.
他將會(huì)被認(rèn)為是個(gè)明智的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
7．holiday ＆ vacation
1)通常情況下，我們用單數(shù)holiday表示一兩天的短假期，較長時(shí)間的多用 a holiday或 holidays.
① We've got a holiday next month. 下月我們休假。
②I had to work on Bank Holiday Monday.
星期一公休，可是我還得上班。
③Where are you going for your summer holiday(s)?
夏季假期你去哪兒？
2)以下詞組中總用單數(shù)：
three weeks' holiday,鷒n holiday,on vacation.
3)vacation 在英國英語中用于大學(xué)的假期。在美國英語中用來指長時(shí)期的休假才用 vacation.
8．名詞way的幾種用法
way在這里作“方法”解釋，只有單數(shù)形式，其前的介詞用in，不能用by或with,如 way前面有this,that或形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)，介詞可省去。如：
①He always speaks in a careless way.
他說起話來總是漫不經(jīng)心。
②Do it any way you like.你愛怎么干就怎么干。
③I think you are putting it together the wrong way.
我認(rèn)為你把它裝錯(cuò)了。
④You should do it(in) his way.
你應(yīng)該按照他的方式去做這件事。
⑤Do it(in) your own way if you don't like my way.
如果你不喜歡我的方式，按照你自己的方式做那件事吧！
⑥The work must be finished(in)one way or another.
這件工作必須設(shè)法做好。
way作為“方法”、“方式”解釋時(shí)，其后可跟不定式或of短語作定語。兩者基本相同。如：
①M(fèi)an is trying to find ways to stop pollution.
人類正努力尋找制止污染的方法。
②He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
他有一個(gè)別出心裁的方式使他的課生動(dòng)有趣。
③There is no way to prove he was stealing money.
無法證明他在偷錢。
④There is no way of getting in touch with her.
無法與她取得聯(lián)系。
但要注意 way of后面不能接名詞，如后接名詞，則不用 way of,而要用 means of來代替。如：
①I've tried all possible means of communication.
我已經(jīng)用了一切可能的聯(lián)系辦法。
(此句不能說…ways of communication)
②We express our thoughts by means of language.
我們通過語言表達(dá)思想。(不能說 ways of language)
請(qǐng)注意 in the way和 on the way的區(qū)別，in the way意為“障礙”，或阻止你到想去的地方的人或物；on the way意為“在途中”。試比較：
①Don't stand in the way. 別擋路(或不要妨礙人)。
②Let's not stop too often on the way.
咱們別老在途中停留了。
重要詞組短語
1．in charge of ＆ in the charge of
1)in charge of sth.意為“負(fù)責(zé)某事”。
①He was in charge of the shop while the manager was away.
經(jīng)理不在，他負(fù)責(zé)這家商店。
②Mary is in charge of the baby.瑪麗負(fù)責(zé)照料這個(gè)嬰兒。
2)in the charge of sb. 意為“在某人的掌管之下”。
①This ward is in the charge of Dr. Green.
此間病房由格林醫(yī)生負(fù)責(zé)。
②The patients are in the charge of Dr. Wilson.
這些病人由威爾遜大夫治療。
2．in common意為“與……有共同之處；和……一樣”；“共有；公用”。
例如：
①They have the same teacher,so they have many things in common.
他們同出一師，所以有許多共同之處。
②In common with her mother,she is good at singing and dancing.
和她媽媽一樣，她擅長唱歌和跳舞。
③The teacher in our group have books and dictionaries in common.
我們組的老師公用這些書和詞典。
④My brother and I have the motor in common.
我和哥哥共有這輛摩托車。
3．get in touch with 意為“與……取得聯(lián)系”；lose touch with意為“喪失了與……的聯(lián)系”；keep in touch with意為“與……保持聯(lián)系”。例如：
①We have got in touch with each other by telephone.
我們已經(jīng)通過電話聯(lián)系上了。
②They had great trouble in getting in touch with their father abroad.
他們費(fèi)了很大勁才與國外的爸爸取得了聯(lián)系。
③They keep in touch with each other by mail.
他們通過寫信保持聯(lián)系。
④We have made many foreign friends but we have lost touch with some of them.
我們認(rèn)識(shí)許多外國朋友，但是有些已經(jīng)喪失了聯(lián)系。
4．worry about(trouble about)意為“擔(dān)心；煩惱”，常與名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式連用。例如：
①Don't worry about my health,鶬 can take good care of myself.
不要為我的健康擔(dān)心，我會(huì)照顧好自己的。
②It seemed as if the young man had something to worry about.
那個(gè)年輕人好象在為什么事發(fā)愁。
③First of all,鷇on't worry about being short.
首先，不要為個(gè)矮煩惱。
【注意】worry的形容詞形式為worried,意為“焦慮的，煩惱的，擔(dān)心的”。例如：
①He has a worried look. 他有一副煩惱的樣子。
②What's the matter? Why do you look so worried?
有什么事？你為什么看上去這樣焦慮？
5．turn up 意為“來(開會(huì)、赴約等)，出席”。例如：
①He was expecting her at ten,鷅ut she didn't turn up.
他指望她十點(diǎn)來，她卻沒來。
②They didn't turn up because they failed to catch the first bus.
由于沒有趕上早班汽車，他們沒有來。
③They were very glad I turned up so early.
他們很高興我來得這么早。
④There are 150 people to turn up for the conference.
將有150人參加這次會(huì)議。
【注意】turn up還通常作“(把收音機(jī)等)開大點(diǎn)”解。例如：
①Turn up the radio a little in order that I can hear the programme .
把收音機(jī)音量開大一點(diǎn)，以便我能聽見節(jié)目。
②They closed the door and turned up the lamp.
他們關(guān)上門，把燈撥亮了一些。
6．or rather 意為“或者”
當(dāng)我們想要糾正已經(jīng)說過的話，或欲使已說過的話更確切，我們常用or rather 這一表達(dá)方式。如：
①He is a writer,鷒r rather a novelist.
他是一個(gè)作家，或者更確切地說是一位小說家。
②The building is like a palace,鷒r rather a temple.
這幢建筑物象一座宮殿，或者更確切地說象一座廟宇。
③He worked till late last night,鷒r rather,鷈arly this morning.
他昨晚一直工作到深夜，或者更確切地說，到今天凌晨。
④Karl is very clever,鷒r rather a hardworking boy.
卡爾很聰明，或者更確切地說是一個(gè)很勤奮的孩子。
7．be up to的用法
1)be up to 意為“從事于”、“忙于”， to 是介詞，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。如：
①What is he up to? 他在做什么？
②What tricks has she been up to?她一直在玩什么把戲？
③He is up to no good.他正在做無益之事。
④Go and see what these naughty boys are up to.
去看看這些頑皮男孩在做什么？
2)be up to sb. 意為“應(yīng)由某人負(fù)責(zé)”，常用 It作主語。如：
①It is up to you to decide whether to go or stay.
該由你來決定是走還是留。
②It's up to us to give them all the help we can.
我們理應(yīng)盡力給他們幫助。
②It is up to me to get the four of us moving.
該由我來召集我們四個(gè)人行動(dòng)起來。
④It's up to you to choose where we should go.
我們要去的地點(diǎn)由你負(fù)責(zé)選擇。
3)be up to亦可作“勝任”、“適于”解釋。
①He is not up to his work.他不勝任他的工作。
②I don't feel up to going to work today.
我今天有點(diǎn)不適，不去工作了。
③This new book of Green's isn't up to his last.
格林的這本新書不及他本人的前一本書。
④The product is up to standard. 這產(chǎn)品符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
4)be up to還可作“直到”、“以至”解釋。如：
up to now直到現(xiàn)在
count from one up to twenty從一數(shù)到二十
常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1．The first person is angry about something.
be angry with sb. for/about sth./doing sth.為某事與某人生氣/惱火。如：
①I was angry with myself for making such stupid mistake.
我因?yàn)榉噶诉@么蠢的錯(cuò)誤而生自己的氣。
②Don't be angry with me for not having written back.
別因?yàn)槲覜]寫回信而生我的氣。
③What are you angry about? 你生的是哪門子氣？
④He was angry at finding that nothing has been done.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)什么也沒干而感到生氣。
⑤I got very angry at what he said.
我對(duì)他說的話感到很惱火。
2．與rather有關(guān)的幾個(gè)句式
1)would/had rather do,表示主觀上的愿望和選擇，意為“寧愿……”。
①I would rather not go out tonight,鷌f you don't mind.
如果你不介意，我今晚寧愿不出去。
②I'd rather stay at home and watch TV.
我寧愿留在家里看電視。
③Which would you rather have,tea or coffee?你喜歡喝茶還是喝咖啡？
2)had/would rather + sb. + 動(dòng)詞過去式。意為“寧愿某人做某事”。表示對(duì)于現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼囊环N愿望。
①I had rather you did it. 我寧愿你做了這事。
②You always go without me,鷄nd I'd rather you didn't.
你總是不帶我去，我可不愿意你這樣。
③--Tony is leaving by the 10 o'clock train.
--I'd rather he left on an earlier train.
“托尼將乘10點(diǎn)的火車離開�！薄拔业箤幵杆饲耙话嗷疖��！�
3)had/would rather sb. +動(dòng)詞的過去完成式，意為“寧愿某人曾做過某事”，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。
①I'd rather he had told me about it.
我倒寧愿他告訴了我這件事。
②I've spent too much money on travelling.I'd rather you hadn't.
我在旅游上花費(fèi)太大。但愿你沒有這樣做。
4)would/had rather do than do. 意為“寧愿……而不愿”表示選擇偏愛前者。
①I would rather try and fail than gave up the plan.
我寧愿試了失敗了，也不愿放棄計(jì)劃。
③He had rather give up his house than sell his car.
他寧愿放棄房屋，也不愿賣車。
5)prefer to do rather than do. 意為“寧愿……而不愿”。
①I prefer to work rather than remain idle.
我寧愿工作，也不愿閑著。
②I prefers to write to her rather than telephone her.我喜歡寫信給她，而不愿打電話給她。