羅玉南
考點(diǎn)直擊
教材：I've got some personal affairs that I have to see to．（L．57）
考題1：Thefounding of the People's Republic of China is a great ____ in history．
Aaffair鶥．business C．matter D．event
簡(jiǎn)析：該題考查詞語(yǔ)辨析。affair可指已經(jīng)發(fā)生的或是必須去做的事情，多為泛指。business常指一種任務(wù)、責(zé)任或是責(zé)職要求去做的事情。matter常指應(yīng)給予注意、考慮或需處理的事情。event多指重大、重要事件，故本題答案為D。
考題2：Who will see to ____ everything returns normal before dusk？
Ait鶥．that C．whether D．it that
簡(jiǎn)析：see to意為“處理、負(fù)責(zé)某事；照顧某人”，to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞。如：Will you see to the anrangements for the next committee meeting﹖你來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)下次委員會(huì)會(huì)議的安排工作，好嗎？另外，還有一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)see to it that,意為“一定注意到……，務(wù)必……”。該題考查see to后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法，該詞組后接賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，答案為D。
教材：Maybe that is the sound that I've heard at night-the sound of him locking it．（L．58）
考題3：How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden？
Ato take鶥．take C．taking鶧．to be taking
簡(jiǎn)析：該題考查動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。此處的the two of us taking a walk作how about的賓語(yǔ)，答案為C。教材：Holmes and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour．（L．59）
考題4：_____ production up by 60％， the company has had another excellent year．
AAs鶥．For C．With鶧．Through
簡(jiǎn)析：該題考查介詞的選用。本題為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為C。
教材：The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise．（L．59）
考題5：-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？
-Yes，I gave it to her ____ I saw her．
Awhile鶥．the moment C．suddenly D．once
簡(jiǎn)析：該題考查名詞（詞組）作連詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的用法，答案為B。本課中的副詞 immediately也有此類(lèi)用法。
5．The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise．
【考點(diǎn)】immediately, directly等少數(shù)副詞和the first day, the minute, the first time，every time, next time等表示時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)可以用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
【考例】I thought her nice and honest ＿＿＿＿＿＿ I met her． （上�！�97）
A． first time B． for the first time
C． the first time D． by the first time
【簡(jiǎn)析】for the first time是介詞短語(yǔ)，只能作狀語(yǔ)，不接從句；the first time (day, year)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，the不能丟。故本題選C。
教材：You were supposed to die like that．（L．59）
考查6：He is supposed to_____ to the meeting，but he didn't．
A．come B．have come C．be coming D．coming簡(jiǎn)析：is supposed to中的to為不定式符號(hào)，據(jù)此可排除D。由 didn't可得知是推知過(guò)去情況，而 is并未表示過(guò)去，故不定式得使用完成式，答案為B。
教材：I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall．（L．58）
考題7：_____ more attention，the tree could have grown better．
AGiven B．To give C．Giving D．Having given
簡(jiǎn)析：答案為A。該題考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法，此處相當(dāng)于If the tree had been given more attention。
考題8：The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year．
Acarry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
簡(jiǎn)析：see, hear, watch等動(dòng)詞�？捎眠^(guò)去分詞作其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。該題重在理順句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主干部分為T(mén)he managers discussed the plan，其后為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中充當(dāng)see的賓語(yǔ)，carry out與the plan為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，答案為C。
6．I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office．
【考點(diǎn)】mean to do sth．表示“打算做某事”；mean doing sth．表示“意味著……”。
【考例1】-You鷖hould鷋ave thanked her before you left．
-I meant ＿＿＿＿, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere．(上海2000)
鶤．to do鶥．to C．doing D．doing so
【簡(jiǎn)析】答語(yǔ)意為“我本來(lái)打算那樣做，但……”。又因是在答語(yǔ)中，要用保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的省略式。故本題應(yīng)選B。
【考例2】In some parts of London, missing a bus means ＿＿＿＿＿ for another hour． (上海2002)
A． waiting B． to wait C． wait D． to be waiting
【簡(jiǎn)析】句意為“在倫敦的部分地區(qū)，錯(cuò)過(guò)一班車(chē)就意味著要再等上一個(gè)小時(shí)�！惫时绢}選A。
7．There is no doubt about it.意為: I have no doubt about it.或: I'm sure of it.表示對(duì)某事很有把握，十分肯定，毫不懷疑。例如：
①He is an honest child. There is no doubt about it.他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的孩子，這是肯定無(wú)疑的。
②We will be successful. There's no doubt about it.我們會(huì)成功的，這是肯定的。
【注意】 There is no doubt+that-clause.可作為一個(gè)句型學(xué)習(xí)。又如：
③There is no doubt that he will come in time.他將及時(shí)到來(lái)，這是肯定無(wú)疑的。
④There is no doubt that you'll be warmly welcomed.你們肯定會(huì)受到熱烈的歡迎。
I doubt whether he'll come.我不敢肯定他會(huì)不會(huì)來(lái)。
8．It's time sb. did sth.意為“是某人做某事的時(shí)候了”。
這個(gè)句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種用法，實(shí)際上是“現(xiàn)在做某事”。例如：
①I(mǎi)t's time we had our lessons.是我們上課的時(shí)候了。
②It's time you had dinner.是你該吃午飯的時(shí)候了。
③It's high time we had supper.我們?cè)摮酝盹埩恕?/p>
④Is it time you got every thing ready?是你該把一切都準(zhǔn)備好的時(shí)候了嗎？
9．seat的用法
1)seat作為名詞，意為“座位”、“所在地”、“活動(dòng)中心。”如：
① The classroom has seats for fifty.這教室有五十個(gè)座位。
②Does this seat belong to anybody?這座位有人嗎？
Beijing is the seat of the government of our country.
北京是我國(guó)的政治中心。
④ The disease has its seat in the lungs.病在肺部。
2)seat作為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使…就座”。后面需接表示人的名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。如果seat后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，是應(yīng)考慮用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
①The guests were all seated.客人們都就座了。
②Mary seated herself at a desk.瑪麗坐在書(shū)桌旁。
③ He seated us in the front row.他讓我們坐在前排。
④ The hall can seat 1000 people.這間大廳能坐一千人。
Unit15易混詞語(yǔ)練與析
1.fasten; tie
fasten意為“栓磚⒗牢、扎緊”，常用作及物動(dòng)詞(用于fasten ．．． to．．．結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以與tie互換，但語(yǔ)氣上fasten比tie重)；也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“（把目光、思想、注意力）集中于……”。tie意為“系、栓、扎”，常用作及物動(dòng)詞，后接其同源賓語(yǔ)tie, knot等；用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“打領(lǐng)帶、打領(lǐng)結(jié)”。
1) You’d better ＿＿＿＿ a red tie when you go to a party．
2) She ＿＿＿＿＿ her eyes on the child in order to find something unusual．
3) They ＿＿＿＿＿ the boat to a big rock near the bank．
4) The door won’t ＿＿＿＿＿＿． It needs repairing．
2． beat; strike; hit strike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的；還有“打動(dòng)、使……著迷、某種想法突然閃現(xiàn)在腦海里”的含義；也可指“打、擦出（火），（蛇、獸）抓，咬，或（鐘）敲響”。hit指“打中”或“對(duì)準(zhǔn)……來(lái)打”，“敲打或打擊對(duì)方的某一點(diǎn)”。beat著重“連續(xù)地打擊”。如：毆打或體罰；也指在游戲、競(jìng)賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗對(duì)方；也指“心跳”。 1) He ＿＿＿＿＿＿ a match and held it to my cigarette．
2) He is ＿＿＿＿＿＿ the dust out of the quilt．
3) He was ＿＿＿＿＿＿ in the left eye．
4) They not only took his money, but also ＿＿＿＿＿ him up．
5) I left immediately after the clock ＿＿＿＿＿ twelve．
3． would do sth．; used to do sth．
這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)都可以表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事”，但區(qū)別是：would do sth．表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)習(xí)慣性的行為、活動(dòng)；used to do sth．在時(shí)間上主要是同現(xiàn)在對(duì)比，暗含“現(xiàn)在已不這樣了”的意思；其后既可接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，也可接表示認(rèn)知或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。1) The old man was seventy and he ＿＿＿＿＿ tell me about his past when I went to see him．
2) The small village is not what it ＿＿＿＿＿ be．
3) I ＿＿＿＿＿＿ get up early last year．
4． affair; thing; matter; business
affair意為“事情、事件”, 含義較廣，泛指已做或待做的事；復(fù)數(shù)affairs一般指商業(yè)事務(wù)及政府的日常事務(wù)，如財(cái)政管理、外交事務(wù)等。
thing意為“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事壞事均稱(chēng)為thing，一般不能專(zhuān)指事務(wù)；復(fù)數(shù)things還可作“形勢(shì)”解。
matter側(cè)重指須留心的要事或問(wèn)題、難題。
business作“事務(wù)、事情”解時(shí)，一般不能用復(fù)數(shù)，常常指所指派的任務(wù)、責(zé)任；有時(shí)說(shuō)的是指派的工作或商業(yè)上的買(mǎi)賣(mài)活動(dòng)。
1) The Foreign Office handles international ＿＿＿＿＿．
2) My ＿＿＿＿＿＿ is selling cars, while yours is studying at school．
3) Don’t leave your ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ about．
4) It’s a ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ of life and death．
Key: 1．tie; fastened; fastened／tied; fasten 2．struck; beating; hit／struck／beaten; beat; struck 3．would; used to; would ／ used to4．a(chǎn)ffairs; business; things; matter鶸nit15談?wù)?ed分詞作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)
一、作定語(yǔ)
1． 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：鶺hat’s the language spoken (＝that is spoken) in that area﹖ 那個(gè)地區(qū)講的是什么語(yǔ)言？ Is there anything planned (＝that has been planned) for tonight﹖ 今晚安排了什么活動(dòng)沒(méi)有？ The book, written (＝which was written) in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners． 這本書(shū)是1957年寫(xiě)的，講述礦工斗爭(zhēng)的故事。 2．過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)常表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前）或沒(méi)有一定時(shí)間性的動(dòng)作，且與被修飾詞在邏輯上存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如： The questions discussed are very important． (既表被動(dòng)，又表完成) I don’t like to see letters written in pencil．（沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性，只表被動(dòng)）
二、作狀語(yǔ)
1． 作原因狀語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于as, since, because引導(dǎo)的從句，這類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)多放在句首。如： Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid．＝Since ／ As she was given advice by the famous detective，．．． 有了著名偵探的指點(diǎn)，這位姑娘不再害怕了。 Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room． ＝Because she was frightened by the noise．．． 姑娘被夜里的響聲嚇壞了，不敢在她的屋里睡覺(jué)。
2． 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前用when, while, until等使其時(shí)間意義更明確。如： Built in 1192, the bridge is over 800 years old． 這座橋是1192年建的，已經(jīng)有八百多年的歷史了。 When heated, water can be changed into steam． 水加熱后可以變成水蒸氣。
3． 作條件狀語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于if, unless引導(dǎo)的從句。如： Given more attention (If they had been given more attention), the cabbages could have grown better． 如果更精心一點(diǎn)，這些大白菜可以長(zhǎng)得更好一些。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go． 和你相比，我們還有很大的差距。
4． 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ) The hunter left his house, followed by his dog． 獵人離開(kāi)了屋子，后面跟著他的狗。 She sat by the window, lost in thought． 她坐在窗前，陷于沉思。 注意：分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致，否則分詞短語(yǔ)就要有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 在很多情況下，這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況。如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat．他沖進(jìn)屋內(nèi)，滿臉是汗。（his face covered with sweat為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）