羅玉南
1.本單元第49課對話中多次出現(xiàn)了“No,it's not him.”這個句子。
【問】這個句子中的him為什么不用he呢?
【答】人稱代詞作表語,在非正式英語中(特別是日常會話中)人們已習(xí)慣于用其賓格(如me,him等),這種用法很常見。如:-Who is knocking at the door?誰在敲門?-It's me.是我。-Who said that?是誰說的?-I think it was him.我想是他說的。
2.Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.愛因斯坦就是這樣的人,一個純樸的人,一位20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家。
【問】請解釋句中such的意思和用法。
【答】句中such是代詞,用以指代前文所說的情況,意為“這樣的人(事)”,它在該句中作表語,such作表語時通常提到句首,形成主謂倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)由such指代的情況而定。如:鶶uch is life.人生就是這樣。鶶uch were his words.這就是他講的話。
3.As a result,it appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此,在地球上的科學(xué)家看來,恒星好像是移動了。
【問】appear作“好像,似乎”解時,有哪些用法呢?
【答】appear作“好像,似乎”解時,常指人從外表上所得到的印象。有時暗含實質(zhì)上并非如此的意思,作此意解時,其后可跟不定式、形容詞或that從句,接從句時常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語放到句子后面去。例如:鶫e appears to have many friends.他似乎有很多朋友。鶺hy does she appear so sad?她為何顯得如此悲傷?鶬t appears that he won't come tonight.看來他今晚不會來了。鶬t appears to me that they are right.我似乎覺得他們是正確的。
4.教材:That fits the puzzle!
考點:fit的用法。
考例:This straw hat ____ me.(MET'83)
A.doesn't fit for B.isn't fit鶦.doesn't fit D.fits to
透視:此題答案為C。fit表示“合適”,既可作形容詞,也可作動詞。如果作動詞,通常表示衣、帽、鞋等物的大些⒊嘰紜⑿巫吹確矯嫻摹昂鮮省。燃偤This jacket fits you well.你穿這茄克衫很合適。如作形容詞,通常用于be fit for /to do結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:He is fit for a doctor /to be a doctor.他適合當(dāng)醫(yī)生。
延伸:與suit的區(qū)別。suit也表示“適合”之意,但它常用來指衣著、款式、顏色等方面的“合適”或“中……之意”。如:鶷hat color doesn't suit her。那種顏色不適合她。
再看下題:-This jacket doesn't ____ me.Do you have a larger size?
-Yes,but the color is different.Does it _______ you?鶤.fit;suit B.suit;fit C.fit;fit D.suit;suit(答案:A)
5.教材:Besides his work in physics,he spent a lot of time...
考點:besides /except /except for /except that的區(qū)別。
考例1:Does John know any other foreign language ____ French?(MET'89)
A.except B.but C.besides D.beside
透視:except表示“除了……之外”(不包括在內(nèi)),相當(dāng)于but,常與any,no one,nobody,everything,everyone,nowhere等表整體概念的詞連用,從這個整體范圍中除去不適應(yīng)的一部分。如:Allexcept Li Ming have seen the film.而besides表示“除了……之外”(尚有)之意,暗示詞有other,more,else等。很明顯上題答案應(yīng)為C。
考例2:The suit fitted him well ____ the color was a little bright.(2000年上海)
A.except for B.except that鶦.except when D.besides透視:except for +名詞/except that +從句表示引述一個相反的細節(jié)或原因,因而部分地修正了句子的主要意思,常譯成“只不過”。上題答案為B。句意為:那套西服很合他的身,只不過顏色有點亮。
延伸:①except雖然相當(dāng)于but,但exceptfor≠but for。but for意為“要不是”。如:鶥ut for me,he would have died yesterday.②except和but雖為介詞,后常接動名詞或名詞。但在下面的句型中接不定式:have no choice but /except to do(不得不……)。如:Then it has no choice but to lie down.
8.13單元易混詞語巧辨
在第13單元出現(xiàn)了幾組同義詞(組)。對于這些貌合神離的同義詞(組),必須加以區(qū)分,否則會誤用。現(xiàn)將本單元的重點同義詞(組)加以對比辨析,以期對同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
1).puzzled,puzzling
puzzled指人或人的表情“迷惑不解的”;puzzling表示“令人迷惑的(事物)”。兩者均可作表語或定語。例如:
They're puzzled at my interest in such matters.他們對我在這樣問題上的興趣感到迷惑不解。
This is a puzzling answer.這是一個令人費解的答案。
2).be used to do,be used to doing,used to do
be used to do sth.是動詞use的被動結(jié)構(gòu),后跟動詞不定式,不跟動名詞,意思是“被用來……”;be used to doing sth.是習(xí)語,意思是“習(xí)慣于做某事”,后接名詞或動名詞,不接動詞不定式;used to do sth.是習(xí)語,意思是“過去經(jīng)常做某事”,后接動詞不定式。例如:
Wood can be used to make paper.木頭可以(被)用來造紙。
They are quite used to flying in all sorts of weather.他們對于在各種天氣飛行已經(jīng)很習(xí)慣了。
He used to swim in the river.他過去經(jīng)常在河里游泳。
3).the other,other,another
other無范圍,泛指“其他的;另外的”,常與no,any,many或some等連用;the other特指兩方中的“另一方”,或兩部分中的“另一部分”,如果other前有名詞所有格或物主代詞,則不用the;another泛指“其他的,另外的”,常用于三者或三者以上的情況,后接單數(shù)名詞或“數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。例如:
Mary is here,but the other girls are still out in the playground.瑪麗在這里,但是其他女孩還在運動暢
I have no other choice.我沒有選擇的余地。
I have many other things to do.我另外還有很多事情要做。
Give me another chance,please.請再給我一次機會。
4).be content to do,be content with
be content to do指“滿足于(做某事)”,后接動詞不定式,不接名詞或動名詞;be content with指“(對……)感到滿足”,后接名詞、代詞或從句。例如:
He is content to eat simple food.他樂于吃一些簡單的食物。
She was quite content with her life.她對生活感到相當(dāng)滿意。
He isn't content with his present achievement.他不滿足于目前的成就。
高二冊13單元易混詞語練一練
本期“單元過關(guān)”講解了本單元出現(xiàn)的幾組同義詞(組),你是否掌握了?可以在這里大顯身手。選擇最佳答案:1.The reason for his absence remains _________.
A.puzzle B.puzzles鶦.a(chǎn) puzzle D.puzzled
2.Greatly ____ ,she didn't know what to do next.
A.puzzling鶥.a(chǎn) puzzle鶦.puzzled鶧.puzzles
3.Lucy looked a little ____ . A.puzzle鶥.puzzled鶦.puzzling鶧.puzzles
4.He thought what you said was ____ . A.puzzle B.puzzled C.puzzling D.puzzles
5.I ____ to go to the cinema a lot.
A.a(chǎn)m used B.used鶦.was used鶧.a(chǎn)m using
6.I've bought several books today. ____are English books except three Chinese books.
A.The others鶥.Others鶦.Other鶧.Another
7.The hunter came in,with a bow in one hand,and an arrow in his ____ hand.
A.other鶥.a(chǎn)nother鶦.others D.the another8.Of the three foreign guests,one is from London,________ two are from New York.A.other鶥.the other C.some D.a(chǎn)ny
9.I don't like these shoes.Show me ____ .
A.a(chǎn)nother B.other鶦.some others D.the other
10.He is perfectly content ____ in a hut and paint pictures all day.
A.to live鶥.living鶦.with鶧.for
1.compare notes 與……交換意見(或心得);與……討論 如: They often compare notes with each other on their studies. 他們經(jīng)常相互交換學(xué)習(xí)心得。
2.do a word puzzle猜字謎1) do的意思為“解決、找出答案”。如:do a math problem做一道數(shù)學(xué)題;do a sum算一筆數(shù)字2)這里的puzzle是名詞,意為“難題、復(fù)雜難懂的事”等。如:鶷his is really a puzzle to me.這對我來說著實是道難題。
3.be content to do; be content with 愿意/樂意做某事鷆ontent 在這里是形容詞,意思是“心甘情愿的、滿意的”。如:I should be well content to do so.我很愿意這樣做。鶷he teacher is content with the results of the monthly exam.老師對月考成績很滿意。
4.lead to 結(jié)果是; 導(dǎo)致(某種結(jié)果);產(chǎn)生鷗o為介詞,后接名詞或-ing形式。如:An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.普通感冒可以很快引起發(fā)燒。
This will lead to endless trouble.這將產(chǎn)生沒完沒了的麻煩。
5.live/ lead a ...life過著……的生活如:鶫e lived a dog’s life in the old days.在舊社會,他過著牛馬不如的生活。
類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有:smile a sweet smile dream a terrible dream; die a heroic death 等。
1.fight for ,fight against,fight with
fight for意思是“為……而戰(zhàn)”,for表示目的。如:They fought bravely for the liberation of the whole country.他們?yōu)榱巳珖慕夥哦⒂聭?zhàn)斗。
fight against的意思是“為反對……而戰(zhàn)”或“與(敵人)進行斗爭”。如:We must fight against all kinds of pollution.我們必須與各種污染斗爭到底。
fight with有“與……相斗爭”的意思,與fight against可通用,但fight with也有“與……一起投入戰(zhàn)斗”的意思。如:鶷he Eighth Route Army fought against the Japanese invaders with the local people.
八路軍與當(dāng)?shù)厝罕娨黄鸫驌羧毡厩致哉摺?/p>
2.lead to,cause
兩詞(組)都可表示由原因?qū)е陆Y(jié)果,在許多情況下可以替換使用。但cause更多地表示直接原因。lead to后可以跟名詞、代詞、動名詞,而cause后可以跟名詞、代詞,不可以跟動名詞。如:鶫is carelessness led to(caused)his failure.
他的粗心導(dǎo)致他的失敗。
His persuasion led to our trying it once more.
他的勸說使我們又嘗試了一次。
lead to也有“道路等通向(某處)”的意思,而cause沒有此意。如:I soon found a road leading to the footof am ountain.我不久發(fā)現(xiàn)了一條通向山腳的路。
3.leave...for...,leave...,leave for...
leave A for B意思是“離開A地去B地”,注意for不可用to來代替。如:I'm leaving Beijing for Shanghai soon.我不久就離開北京去上海。
leave A意思是“離開A地”。如:I'm leaving Beijing soon.我不久就離開北京。
leave for A意思是“去A地”,注意leave在此為不及物動詞。如:I'm leaving for Shanghai soon.我不久要去上海。
4.besides,except,but,except for它們都有“除……之外”的意思,但用法各有不同。besides的意思是“除……之外,還有……”,是肯定的,經(jīng)常與more,else,other,another等詞連用。如:Many other students went to the film besides Lin Tao.除林濤外,還有許多學(xué)生去看了電影。
besides除用作介詞外,也可以用作副詞,意思是“另外”。如:
I have no time to go to his party.Besides,I don't want to.我沒有時間參加他的聚會,另外,我也不想去。
except的意思是“除……之外,沒有……”,是否定的,經(jīng)常與all,everything等表示全部的名詞、形容詞、代詞等連用。如:鶤ll went to the cinema except Tom .
除湯姆外,其他人都去了電影院。
except for著重指除某一點不足之外,其它尚可,往往含有惋惜之意。
The composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.這篇作文寫得很好,只是有一些拼寫錯誤。
but只能用于no one,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything之后,與except同義,但except比but所含“除外”的意味更明確,語氣也較強。
從搭配上講,besides,except for后跟名詞或代詞,而except后除跟名詞或代詞外,也可以跟從句,but后可以跟不定式或動詞原形 當(dāng)but前有實義動詞do時,其后常跟動詞原形,否則就跟動詞不定式)。如:
He comes here every day except when it rains heavily.除下大雨外,他每天都來這里。
He could do nothing but wait there silently.除靜靜地等待,他別無選擇。
I wanted nothing but to give you a warning.我只是想給你提個醒。
5.work out,work on,work as,work for
work out的意思是“算出”、“解出”,等于get the results of,強調(diào)結(jié)果。如:
I can't work out the math problem s.我解不出這些數(shù)學(xué)題。鶦an you work out how much it will cost to build the bridge?你能把建橋的費用計算出來嗎?
work on的意思等于work at或do,意思是“忙于……”或“做……”,強調(diào)動作。如:
He is working on a novel recently.最近他正忙著寫一本小說。work as意思是“充當(dāng)……”。如:
These people can work as nurses when necessary.
需要的時候,這些人可以充當(dāng)護士。
work for意思是“為……而工作”,for表示目的。如:
W e're working for the lives of ourselves and our families.我們?yōu)樽约汉图彝サ纳疃ぷ鳌?/p>
6.stick to,insist on
兩者都有“堅持”的意思,stick to指“堅持意見、看法”等。含有“執(zhí)意不改”的含義,to是介詞,后跟名詞或代詞。如:
No matter what you may say,I shall stick to my plan.
不管你說什么,我都會堅持計劃。
insist on有“堅持(要干某事)”或“強烈要求”的含義,后跟名詞或動名詞。如:
His daughter insisted on coming with him .
他的女兒堅持要跟他一起來。
I'm afraid I have to insist on the return of my books at once.對不起,我得堅持要求你立刻歸還我的書。
Ex.
1.We didn't plan our art exhibition but it____very well.A.worked out鶥.tried out C.went on鶧.carried on('01NMET)
2.-I usually go there by train.-Why not ____ by boat for a change?
A.to try going鶥.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going('92M ET)
3.Mother ____ us stories when we were young.
A.was used to tell B.is used to telling C.used to tell鶧.used to telling('88M ET)
4.Egypt is famous ____鷌ts pyramids.
A.of B.in鶦.a(chǎn)bout D.for('84M ET)
5.Readers can ____鷔uite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A.get over B.get in C.get along鶧.get through('93M ET)
6.Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A.to do B.doing C.with鶧.to be doing('89M ET)
7.Usually carelessness ____ to failure.A.leads鶥.happens C.gets鶧.a(chǎn)grees('90上海)8.There's still ____ water in the bottle.You may drink it.
A.few鶥.a(chǎn) few C.little鶧.a(chǎn) little('79M ET)
9.Does John know any other foreign language_________ French?
A.except鶥.but C.besides鶧.beside('89MET)
10.If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay____ $15.
A.a(chǎn)nother B.other C.more鶧.each('00NM ET)
11.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that ____鷜ou had a few days off?鶤.why鶥.when C.what鶧.where('99NM ET)