語法專項(xiàng)I
I. 名詞：在我們身邊存在著形形色色的人和事物，它們都有自己的稱呼，我們用來稱呼它們的詞就是名詞，概括來說表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象等的名稱的詞都叫名詞。
一. 名詞的種類：名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞，普通名詞又分為個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。
1. 專有名詞：專有名詞是指人、地方、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等特有的名詞，它的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫，專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。
A. 表示人名：Li Bai，Mr Black，Doctor Zhang
B. 表示地名：China，London，Zhong Guan Cun Street.
C. 由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞：the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum.
2. 普通名詞：普通名詞指一類人或東西或一個(gè)抽象的名標(biāo)，它可以進(jìn)一步分為個(gè)體名詞、集合名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞四類。
A. 個(gè)體名詞：表示某類人或事物中的個(gè)體：student，teacher，car.
B. 集合名詞：表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體；family，police，people.
C. 抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象的概念：music，love
D. 物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)或?qū)嵨铮簑ater，tea，air
二. 名詞的數(shù)：表示可以計(jì)算數(shù)目的人或物稱為可數(shù)名詞，表示一個(gè)用單數(shù)，兩個(gè)以上用復(fù)數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前面一般要用不定冠詞a / an，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)是在單數(shù)名詞后面加“s”或“es”。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前不能用不定冠詞a / an。
1. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示“一”的概念，要用名詞的單數(shù)形式，表示名詞的單數(shù)，要在名詞前加冠詞a或an。
eg：a book， a tree， a shark
an octopus，an apple，an egg
2. 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞：在英語中，如果要表示“二、三、四，……”概念時(shí)，要用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在單數(shù)名詞后加上詞尾-s或-es構(gòu)成的。
A. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化。
a. 在一般情況下，詞尾后加-s。
books，cups，beds，boys，horses
b. 以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾加-es，讀|iz|
buses，boxes，dishes，watches
c. 以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，先將f或fe變成v，再加-es，讀|vz|
half-halves，knife-knives
d. 以o結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾加-es或-s。
zoos，photos，radios，tomatoes，potatoes
e. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先將y改為i再加-es。
cities，families，babies
B. 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化。
man-men，tooth-teeth，child-children，sheep-sheep
C. 有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
clothes，trousers，pants，glasses
3. 不可數(shù)名詞表示量的概念時(shí)，在這些詞前加上數(shù)量詞。
eg：a cup of coffee，a piece of paper，three slices of bread
II. 不定代詞，我們所學(xué)的不定代詞有all，both，each，every，some，any，many，much，（a）few，（a）little，either，neither，other，another，no，none以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代詞，這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。
一. some，any及其合成詞的用法。
1. 基本用法
some，any可與單、復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞連用。
some用于肯定句中，而不能用于疑問句中，any一般用于否定句，疑問句和條件句中。
eg：I have some interesting books.
There is some yogurt in the bottle.
I don’t have any money.
Were there any sharks in the aquarium?
2. 特殊用法
在疑問句中，一般不用some，只有當(dāng)問句表示一種邀請(qǐng)或者請(qǐng)求，或期待一個(gè)肯定的回答時(shí)才能用some。
eg：Would you like some more tea？
二. all，both的用法
1. all代表或修飾四個(gè)以上的人或事物，或不可數(shù)的東西。
eg：We all like eat potato chips.
All the students in our class went to the zoo.
2. both是指“兩者都……”
eg：The twins both have long hair.
There are many trees on both sides of the street.
三. many，much，（a lot），a few，few，a little，little。這些詞都可以表示數(shù)量，并且都可以修飾名詞。
1. many，a lot，a few，few修飾可數(shù)名詞；much，a lot，a little，little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
2. many，much，a lot，a few，a little表示肯定的意思：few，little表示否定的意思。
eg：How much relish do we need?
There are a few minutes left, aren’t there?
There is a little time left, is there?
III. 形容詞的比較等級(jí)：英語中的形容詞，在表示“比較--”和“最--”這樣的概念時(shí)，要用特別的形式，稱為比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
young（年輕） younger（比較年輕） youngest（最年輕）
一. 變化形式如下：
1. 規(guī)則變化
構(gòu)成法 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
一般單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er［ ］（比較級(jí)）和-est［ist］（最高級(jí)）
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只在詞尾加-r（比較級(jí)）和-st（最高級(jí)）
“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，將詞尾的y改為i，再加-er和-est
重讀閉音節(jié)詞，只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾時(shí)，要雙寫該輔音字母，再加-er，-est
部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在該詞前面加more和the most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) tall高的（adj.）
great巨大的（adj.）
fast快（adj.& adv.）
near附近的（adj. & adv.）
nice好的（adj.）
large大的（adj.）
able有能力的（adj.）
late晚，晚的（adj. & adv.）
easy容易的（adj.）
busy忙的（adj.）
early早（adj. & adv.）
big大的（adj.）
hot熱的（adj.）
thin細(xì)的，瘦的（adj.）
important重要的（adj.）
beautiful漂亮的（adj.）
slowly慢（adv.）
quickly快（adv.） teller
greater
faster
nearer
nicer
larger
abler
later
easier
busier
earlier
bigger
hotter
thinner
more important
more beautiful
more slowly
more quickly
the tallest
the greatest
（the）fastest
（the）nearest
the nicest
the largest
the ablest
（the）latest
the easiest
the busiest
（the）earliest
the biggest
the hottest
the thinnest
the most important
the most beautiful
(the) most slowly
(the) most quickly
2. 不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)
good好的（adj.）
well健康的（adj.）
好（adv.）
bad壞的（adj.）
ill有病的（adj.）
badly壞（adv.）
many多（adj. & adv.）
much多（adj. & adv.）
far遠(yuǎn)（adj. & adv.）
little少（adj. & adv.）
old老的（adj.）
late遲的，晚的（adj.） better[’bet ]較好的（地）
worse[w :s]更壞（地）
更差（地）
more[m :]更多的，更加
farther[’fa: ]較遠(yuǎn)
further[’f : ]進(jìn)一步
less[les]較少的（地）
older[’ uld ]較老的
elder[’eld ]年長的
later較遲的，較近的
latter[’l t ]后者 (the) best[best]最好的（地）
(the) worst[w :st]最壞（地）
最糟（地）
(the) most[m ust]最多的（地）
(the) farthest[’fa: ist]最遠(yuǎn)的（地）
(the) furthest[’f : ist]最深遠(yuǎn)的（地）
(the) least[li:st]最少的（地）
the oldest[’ uldist]最老的
the eldest[’eldist]最年長的
the latest（時(shí)間上）最近的
the last（順序）最后的
比較：
elder和eldest主要用于表示家庭成員之間的長幼關(guān)系，如：elder sister姐姐。
older和oldest則用于表示年齡大小。
They are in the same age, but Li looks much older than Ma.
他們兩個(gè)在年齡上一般大，但看起來李比馬老的多。
二. 形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法。
形容詞比較等級(jí)通常分為原形，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三種基本形式，具體而言，它們分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句中：
（1）as +原形+ as 表示“……和……相同”。
（2）比較級(jí)+ than 表示“……比……較為……”。
（3）the +最高級(jí)+ of / in 表示“在……中最為……”。
eg：My dog is as old as that one.
The jacket is as cheap as that old one.
Is he as busy as before?
Mary is funnier than Jane.
His brother is younger than me.
Tom is the happiest of us all.
Spring is the best season of the year.
三. 需要注意的一些問題。
1. 在形容詞比較級(jí)前還可以用much，even，far，a lot，still，a little來修飾，表示“……的多”，“甚至……”，“仍然，還……”，“更……”，以加強(qiáng)語氣。
eg：Our city is much more beautiful than yours.
Japan is a little larger than Germany.
2. 表示“大幾歲”，“高……”等，句型用“表示數(shù)量的詞+形容詞比較級(jí)�！�
eg：I’m two years older than you.
She is a head taller than me.
3. 表示“越來越……”，句型用“比較級(jí)+ and +比較級(jí)”。
eg：China is more and more beautiful.
The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
4. 表示“是最……之一”句型用“one of the +形容詞最高級(jí)”。
eg：Beijing is one of the busiest cities in China.
One of the most important languages is English.
【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：80分鐘）
一. 可數(shù)名詞用a / an，不可數(shù)名詞用some填空。
舉例：chair a chair
（1）book （2）tree （3）fruit
（4）paper （5）work （6）bread
（7）cheese （8）news （9）information
（10）music （11）petrol （12）air
（13）water （14）meat （15）newspaper
（16）egg （17）hour （18）problem
（19）job （20）tomato （21）soup
（22）money （23）fish（魚肉） （24）sheep
（25）island （26）airport （27）office
（28）window （29）bank
二. 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
舉例：child children
（1）noodle （2）tooth （3）man-doctor
（4）foot （5）mouse （6）potato
（7）photo （8）family （9）wolf
（10）knife （11）woman （12）policeman
（13）bed （14）grade （15）class
（16）box （17）shelf （18）fish
（19）sheep （20）deer （21）tomato
（22）hero （23）hamburger （24）clothes
（25）trousers （26）shoe （27）wife
（28）half （29）church （30）jacket
（31）boot （32）sweater （33）blouse
（34）shirt （35）necklace （36）dress
（37）umbrella （38）watch （39）purse
（40）city （41）monkey （42）boy
三. 選詞填空，完成下面的對(duì)話。
Ben：Now, have we got（1）_______________ we need?
Sam：Well, let’s see. There are （2）__________ onions and potatoes, but there aren’t （3）____________ mushrooms and, of course, there isn’t （4）____________ minced beef.
Ben：Are there （5）_____________ carrots?
Sam：（6）___________. But we don’t need（7）__________, so that’s OK.
Ben：How（8）_________ milk is there?
Sam：Only（9）___________. And there isn’t（10）__________ butter, and we haven’t got（11）___________ cheese.
Ben：Well, we don’t need much cheese. Is there（12）__________ else?
Sam：No, not for Shepherd’s Pie. We’ve got（13）_______ salt and pepper, and there’s（14）________ flour. Would you like me to help with the shopping?
Ben：Yes, please.
四. 寫出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
舉例：good better best
（1）bad （2）clean （3）dirty
（4）big （5）small （6）ill
（7）little （8）hard （9）happy
（10）far （11）well （12）slow
（13）easy （14）new （15）young
（16）rude （17）quiet （18）dry
（19）cheap （20）ugly （21）busy
（22）old （23）noisy （24）hot
（25）cold （26）fast （27）many
（28）wet （29）early （30）bright
（31）boring （32）careful （33）quietly
（34）expensive （35）difficult （36）interesting
（37）beautiful
五. 觀察下列表格，并回答問題。
This table shows the price per pound of five vegetables throughout the different seasons of the year. Find the information from the table and write your answer in the brackets.
（1）In which season are carrots more expensive than cabbages?
（2）Which is the most expensive vegetable in Autumn?
（3）In which season are tomatoes more expensive than cabbages?
（4）Which is the cheapest vegetable in Autumn?
（5）In which season are two vegetables the same price?
六. 用所給詞的正確形式填空：
1. Your room is very _________. It’s much ________ than mine. It’s ________ of all.（big）
2. -This coat is too ________. （expensive）I don’t have enough money to buy it. I can buy a ________ one than it.
-Sorry, this one is _________ one in the store.（cheap）
3. Tom and Sam are _______ at math than physics. And Tom is ______ at English in our class.（good）
4. -There are many ________ places in Australia. You may go there to visit them on vocation.
-Thank you. But I think there are many ________ places in Egypt. I want to go there. （beautiful）
5. -Which unit is __________ in Book 2, do you think? Is Unit 12 _________?（difficult）
-I don’t think so. I think it’s a little _________ than Unit 9. （easy）
七. 將下列句子譯成英文：
1. Sam是個(gè)快樂的孩子。他愛學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)別人很友好。他是班里最受歡迎的學(xué)生。
_______________________________________________________________________
2. 在中國，北京有最多、最好的電視臺(tái)。北京也是中國最大的城市之一。
_______________________________________________________________________
3. 我們家我很忙，我媽媽比我忙，而我爸爸是最忙的。
_______________________________________________________________________
【試題答案】
一. 可數(shù)名詞用a / an不可數(shù)名詞用some填空。
（1）a （2）a （3）some （4）some
（5）some （6）some （7）some （8）some
（9）some （10）some （11）some （12）some
（13）some （14）some （15）a （16）an
（17）an （18）a （19）a （20）a
（21）some （22）some （23）some （24）a
（25）an （26）an （27）an （28）a
（29）a
二. 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
（1）noodles （2）teeth （3）men-doctors
（4）feet （5）mice （6）potatoes
（7）photos （8）families （9）wolves
（10）knives （11）women （12）policemen
（13）beds （14）grades （15）classes
（16）boxes （17）shelves （18）fish
（19）sheep （20）deer （21）tomatoes
（22）heroes （23）hamburgers （24）clothes
（25）trousers （26）shoes （27）wives
（28）halves （29）churches （30）jackets
（31）boots （32）sweaters （33）blouses
（34）shirts （35）necklaces （36）dresses
（37）umbrellas （38）watches （39）purses
（40）cities （41）monkeys （42）boys
三. 選詞填空，完成下面的對(duì)話。
（1）everything （2）some （3）any
（4）any （5）any （6）A few
（7）many （8）much （9）a little
（10）any （11）much （12）anything
（13）some （14）a lot of
四. 寫出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。
（1）worse, worst （2）cleaner, cleanest
（3）dirtier, dirtiest （4）bigger, biggest
（5）smaller, smallest （6）worse, worst
（7）less, least （8）harder, hardest
（9）happier, happiest （10）farther, farthest
（11）better, best （12）slower, slowest
（13）easier, easiest （14）newer, newest
（15）younger, youngest （16）ruder, rudest
（17）quieter, quietest （18）drier, driest
（19）cheaper, cheapest （20）uglier, ugliest
（21）busier, busiest （22）older, oldest
（23）noisier, noisiest （24）hotter, hottest
（25）colder, coldest （26）faster, fastest
（27）more, most （28）wetter, wettest
（29）earlier, earliest （30）brighter, brightest
（31）more boring, most boring
（32）more careful, most careful
（33）more quietly, most quietly
（34）more expensive, most expensive
（35）more difficult, most difficult
（36）more interesting, most interesting
（37）more beautiful, most beautiful
五. 觀察下列表格，并回答問題。
（1）summer （2）cabbage （3）summer
（4）cauliflower （5）winter
六. 用所給詞的正確形式填空：
1. big, bigger, the biggest
2. expensive, cheaper, the cheapest
3. good, the best
4. beautiful, more beautiful
5. the most difficult, the most difficult, easier
七. 將下列句子譯成英文：
1. Sam is a happy kid. He loves studying and he is friendly to others. He is the most popular student in the class.
2. In China, there are the best and most TV stations in Beijing, Beijing is also one of the biggest city in China.
3. I’m busy in my family. My mom is busier than me. But my father is the busiest.
語法專項(xiàng)II
動(dòng)詞
一. 動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或處于某種狀態(tài)的詞，它分為行為動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞種類多，變化又復(fù)雜，是學(xué)習(xí)英語的難點(diǎn)之一，下面根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸類，并提供一些辨別方法，以便于理解和掌握。
1. 行為動(dòng)詞在動(dòng)詞中數(shù)量最多，它含有實(shí)在的意義（又叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞），表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句中可以單獨(dú)作謂語，行為動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞后面必須加賓語，意義才完整，不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接帶賓語，常需要在賓語前加介詞才能帶賓語。
eg:
We study English very hard.
She has a book in her hand.
The sun rises in the east.
2. 連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，常見的連系動(dòng)詞有：be, look, sound, get, become等。
eg:
My parents are both farmers.
The milk tastes terrible.
The song sounds good.
3. 助動(dòng)詞本身無詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須和主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問，否定，時(shí)態(tài)或其它語法形式。常見的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, will, shall等。
eg:
Do you have a brother?
Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary?
I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.
4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話者的語氣和情態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身可以構(gòu)成疑問和否定，常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, may, must, will, shall, need等。
eg: Can you sing the English song?
Everyone must get to school on time.
二. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：
（一）時(shí)態(tài)概述：作謂語的動(dòng)詞用來表示動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)，英語中的時(shí)態(tài)，就是通過特殊的動(dòng)詞詞尾或加一些相關(guān)的助動(dòng)詞be, have（has）等，用來表示動(dòng)作或事件發(fā)生的不同時(shí)間和方面。
eg: He reads newspapers every day.
He read the newspaper yesterday.
He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow.
（二）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
1. 動(dòng)詞變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用動(dòng)詞原形表示，但第三人稱單數(shù)后要加詞尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人稱形式。
在加詞尾-s時(shí)要注意：
情況 加法 例詞
一般情況 加-s reads, writes, says
以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的詞 加-es teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes
以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞 變y為i再加-es try－tries
carry－carries
讀音：
情況 讀法 例詞
在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音后 ［s］ helps, hates, asks, laughs
在[s][z][ ][t ][d3]等音后 ［iz］ faces, rises, wishes, watches, urges
在其他情況下 ［z］ plans, cries, shows
2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要表示：
（1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與這樣的時(shí)間狀語連用：always, often, usually, sometimes等
eg: We always help each other.
It often snows in winter.
I get up early every morning.
（2）表示主語現(xiàn)在的特征、性格、能力等。
eg: He loves sports.
Jane is an outgoing girl.
Tom and Tim both have medium height.
（3）表示客觀、普遍真理
eg:
Two and four makes six.
Water boils at 100℃
The moon moves round the earth.
3. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的疑問句一般以在句首加助動(dòng)詞do，does的方式構(gòu)成。第三人稱單數(shù)加does，其他加do，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞一概用原形；動(dòng)詞be只需與主語位置對(duì)調(diào)就行了。
eg: Do you like English?
Do they have story books?
What does she do every evening?
Is she at home?
Are you good at English?
4. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式是do not（don’t）或does not （doesn’t）＋動(dòng)詞原形來構(gòu)成的，be動(dòng)詞做謂語動(dòng)詞只需在be后加not構(gòu)成否定。
eg:
I don’t like oranges at all.
She doesn’t work in the TV station.
They aren’t students.
I’m not busy every weekend.
三. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：
1. 動(dòng)詞變化：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“am /is /are＋動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。加-ing的規(guī)則如下：
（1）一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing。如：
stay－staying do－doing
listen－listening suffer－suffering
work－working spend－spending
look－looking
（2）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。如：
make－making take－taking
give－giving ride－riding
please－pleasing refuse－refusing
close－closing operate－operating
（3）以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ing。如：
put－putting sit－sitting
run－running win－winning
begin－beginning
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
（1）表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這時(shí)可以不用時(shí)間狀語，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等時(shí)間狀語連用。有時(shí)用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，如look（看），listen（聽）。
eg: What are you reading now?
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.
（2）表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)期的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
eg: They are working in a factory these days.
More and more people are giving up smoking.
（3）表示最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，即可以用來代替將來時(shí)。
eg: When are you leaving?
Are you going to Tibet tomorrow?
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句和疑問句比較簡單。否定句在be（am, is, are）后面加not；疑問句把be動(dòng)詞移到主語前。
eg:
I am not working.
What are you reading now?
How are you feeling today?
The train isn’t arriving soon.
四. 一般過去時(shí)：
1. 動(dòng)詞變化：一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句中由主語＋動(dòng)詞的過去式來表達(dá)。
構(gòu)成規(guī)則 原形 過去式
一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed work
plant
play worked
planted
played
結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞在末尾加-d like
live
change liked
lived
changed
末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed plan（計(jì)劃）
stop
drop planned
stopped
dropped
以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加-ed carry
study
cry carried
studied
cried
否定式 疑問式 否定疑問式 簡單回答
I did not work. Did I work? Did I not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
He / She / It did not work. Did he / she / it work? Did he / she / it not work? Yes, he / she / it /did.
No, he /she /it didn’t.
We did not work. Did we work? Did we not work? Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.
You did not work. Did you work? Did you not work? Yes, we did.
No, we didn’t.
They did not work. Did they work? Did you they not work? Yes, they did.
No, they didn’t.
2. 一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：
（1）帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)。（eg: yesterday, last year, just now, two days ago, in the old days等）
eg: He left just now.
Lei Feng was a good soldier.
What did you have for breakfast this morning?
（2）表示過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)�；蚍磸�(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這時(shí)常和表示頻度的狀語連用。
eg: Last term we often did experiments.
He always went to work by bus.
五. be going to 表示一般將來
1. 用法：表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)硪龅氖�，或表示說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象認(rèn)為很有可能要發(fā)生的事情，be隨著人稱的變化變成（am, is, are）
eg: We are going to have a new subject this year.
It’s going to rain this afternoon.
I’m going to be a pilot when I grow up.
2. be going to 的否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加上not；be going to 的疑問句把be動(dòng)詞移到主語前。
eg:
He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow.
I’m not going to tell you about it.
Who’s going to use it?
Is your sister going to bring your lunch?
What are you going to do next Sunday.
【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：70分鐘）
一. 改錯(cuò)：
例1：The rose dark red. →The rose is dark red.
1. He very likes swimming.
2. He can helps you.
3. We haven’t a good time.
4. What are you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish smells not good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left.
8. There have many birds in the sky.
9. My mother’s glasses is broken.
10. A pair of shoes are nearly one thousand.
11. What colour are her hair?
12. Does he his homework?
13. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I like.
14. He always do his shopping on Friday evening.
15. I very sorry I forgot your birthday.
16. I have no brother and sister.
二. 連詞組句：
1. listen, morning, the, to, I, radio, the, in, often
2. of, men, nurses, good, sick, hospital, care, in, take, the
3. weekdays, he, the, goes, cinema, never, during, the, to
4. computer, got, new, you, a, have?
5. weekends, he, rest, does, a, got, have, on?
6. good, Li Ming, do, and, often, I deeds
7. museum, they, the, often, science, visit, how, do?
8. the, in, any, there, kitchen, food, is?
9. homework, does, day, when, Tom, his, every, where, and, do?
10. a, there, vegetables, many, but, apples, aren’t, lot, there, of, are, there
三. 用括號(hào)里的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1. There （be）______some glasses on it.
2. He （go）______to the park every day.
3. My uncle （live）______ in Nanjing now.
4. ______ Lucy and Lily （like）______China?
5. Li Lei（not like）______ to drink orange soda.
6. The girl （go）______ home at 4:30 in the afternoon.
7. ______ Kate （speak）______ French? Yes, she does.
8. Jim （not ride）______his bike often.
9. If he （be）______ free tomorrow, he （go）______ with us.
10. As soon as they （get）______ there next month, he （call）______me.
11. ______Li Ming’s father （have）______ his lunch at home?
12. Tom （not do）______the morning exercises often.
13. I （be）______ hungry and my sister （be）______ thirsty.
14. The baby （have）______ curly hair.
15. Everybody （have）______ a chance to win.
16. I （clean）______ my room once a week.
17. Nobody（tell）______ them anything.
18. There （be）______ a lot of chicken on the plate.
19. Mr. Li （teach）______ the second grade.
20. The boy （watch）______ TV every evening.
21. Mary （play）______the violin quite well.
22. David （study）______Chinese and I （study）______ English.
23. The game （be）______ interesting.
24. Many children （be）______ on the playground.
25. He （have）_______ a good time at your party.
26. I （have）______ a new bicycle.
四. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1. Tom and his father ______（swim）now.
2. Look! They ______（run）along the street.
3. We ______（practice）hard these days because we will have a big match next month.
4. What ______he ______（do）at nine o’clock last night?
5. They ______（listen）to the music at that time.
6. When the headmaster came in, the students______（read）the text.
7. We ______（watch）TV when suddenly the telephone rang.
8. She ______（make）the paper flowers the whole night.
9. A: _______ you ______（studying）English?
B: Yes, I am.
10. Let’s go out. It ______（not rain）now.
11. Hurry up! Everybody ______（wait）for you.
12. A: ______（you / listen）to the radio?
B: No, You can turn it off.
13. I ______（watch）TV at seven o’clock yesterday evening.
14. A: What ______（you / look）for?
B: I ______（look）for my wallet. There is something important in it.
15. Look. It ______（rain）hard. We’ll get wet if we go out.
五. 選詞填空：
（一）選詞填空：
1. I ______（am, is, was, were）busy last week.
2. Tom and I ______（am, are, was, were）late for school yesterday.
3. I ______（walk, walks, walked, walking）to school the other day.
4. Rose ______（does not, didn’t, has been, has to）visit her uncle the month before last（month）
5. There ______（is, was, are, were）a lot of people in this village ten years ago.
6. Mother ______（am, is, was, were）ill in bed last night.
7. It ______（rain, rains, rained, raining）a lot last year.
（二）用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
1. My uncle in London ______（send）a birthday present to me yesterday.
2. When ______（be）you born?
3. As soon as he arrived in the country, he ______（phone）me.
4. When I ______（knock）at his door, he was cooking.
5. We were watching TV when the light ______（go）out.
6. He said he ______（not like）maths at all.
（三）用括當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子。
1. ______you make this cake last night? Yes. I did. I _______it for you.
2. Did Tom _______ home at five yesterday?
No, he _______. He came home at six.
3. What _______ you _______ at the store? I bought a camera.
4. Were you at home yesterday? Yes, I _______.
5. Where did you catch the fish? I _______ it in the river near my house.
六. 完成下列句子：
1. 你長大了想當(dāng)什么？我打算當(dāng)個(gè)電腦程序員。
What _____ you ______ ______ _______ when you ______ _______?
I’m ______ to _______ a _______ _______.
2. 你哥哥長大了打算當(dāng)什么？他打算當(dāng)個(gè)專業(yè)的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
What _____ your brother _____ _________ ______ when he ______ _______?
He’s _____ to ______ a _______ _________ player.
3. 你打算怎么做？我打算學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)。
_____ are you ______ ________ ________ that?
I’m _____ _______ _______ computer _______.
4. 你哥哥打算怎么做？他打算每天練籃球。
_____ is your brother _____ _____ _____?
He’s _____ ______ _________ basketball every day.
5. 她打算下學(xué)期上一些表演課嗎？是的。
______ she ______ _______ _________ some ______ lessons?
Yes, she ________.
【試題答案】
1. He likes swimming.
2. He can help you.
3. We don’t have a good time.
4. What do you do after school every day?
5. Sometimes I listen to music, sometimes I play outside.
6. The fish doesn’t smell good.
7. We should buy some chicken. There is little left.
8. There are many birds in the sky.
9. My mother’s glasses are broken.
10. A pair of shoes is nearly one thousand.
11. If he doesn’t feel well he will go to visit the History Museum.
12. What colour is her hair?
13. Does he do his homework?
14. A: Do you like your class?
B: Yes. I do.
15. He always does his shopping on Friday evening.
16. I am sorry I forgot your birthday.
二.
1. I often listen to the radio in the morning.
2. Nurses take good care of sick men in the hospital.
3. He never goes to the cinema during the weekdays.
4. Have you got a new computer?
5. Does he have a rest on weekends?
6. Li Ming and I often do good deeds.
7. How often do you visit the science museum?
8. Is there any food in the kitchen?
9. When and where does Tom do his homework every day?
10. There are a lot of vegetables but there aren’t many apples there.
Or: There are a lot of apples but there aren’t many vegetables there.
三. 1. are 2. goes 3. lives 4. Do, like 5. doesn’t like
6. goes 7. Does, speak 8. doesn’t ride
9. is, will go 10. get, will call 11. Does, have
12. doesn’t do 13. am, is 14. has
15. has 16. clean 17. tells 18. is
19. teaches 20. watches 21. plays 22. studies, study
23. is 24. are 25. has 26. have
四. 1. are swimming 2. are running 3. are practicing
4. was, doing 5. were listening 6. were reading
7. were watching 8. was making 9. Are, studying
10. isn’t raining 11. is waiting 12. Are you listening
13. was watching 14. are you looking, am looking
15. is raining
五.
（一）1. was 2. were 3. walked 4. did not
5. were 6. was 7. rained
（二）1. sent 2. were 3. phoned 4. knocked 5. went
6. didn’t like
（三）1. Did, made 2. come, didn’t 3. did, buy 4. was
5. caught
六.
1. are, going, to, be, grow, up, going, be, computer, programmer
2. is, going, to, be, grows, up, going, be, professional, basketball.
3. How, going, to, do, going, to, study, science
4. How, going, to, do, that, going, to, play
5. Is, going, to, take, acting, is