北 京 四 中
重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)與句型：
1.get hold of 抓住，拿住
2.tell…apart 分辨，區(qū)別
3.over and over again 一再，多次，反復(fù)
4.as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上，其實(shí)
5.straight away 立刻地，毫不猶豫地
6.fit in (with) 與…相適應(yīng)；與…想?yún)f(xié)調(diào)
7.due to 因?yàn)?/p>
8.in touch with 保持聯(lián)系；了解
9.up to date 現(xiàn)代的，新式的，據(jù)目前所知的
10.hold back 退縮；躊躇
11.send off 寄出；派遣；給…送行
12.may/might have done 可能已經(jīng)（做過(guò)某事）
13.take a while 用一些（一段）時(shí)間
14.approve of 贊同，贊許
15.an act of revenge 報(bào)復(fù)行為
16.pass on…to 把…傳給
17.fasten to 把…系在
18.go wrong 出毛病
19.to…degree 達(dá)到…程度
20.the +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)…， the + 形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)… 越…就越…
21.make a beeline for 走直路、走近路
22.starve to death 餓死
23.辯論：
We think that…because…
Now let’s have the opening statement from team B.
We believe that this is a serious issue.
Our opinion is…
Our opponents have mentioned…
We will explain that…
I’m afraid that their arguments are based on a misunderstanding.
24.提出觀點(diǎn)：
I/We think…
I/We chose this because…
In my opinion, …
Perhaps/Most likely/Probably…
Take…for example.
25.表達(dá)愛(ài)好與厭惡、愿望與期待：
I like to do/doing…
I don’t like to do/doing…
I want to do…
I wish to do…
I wish I could…
I expect to do…
I expect that…
I’m not really in the mood to…
I don’t really feel like…
單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納：
1.set v.
�、僭O(shè)置（書(shū)本、戲劇、電影等的）背景
This novel is set in the gold rush.
這本小說(shuō)是以淘金熱為背景的。
The book is set in France in the eighteenth century.
這部書(shū)是以18世紀(jì)的法國(guó)為背景的。
�、诜�，安放
He set his hand on my shoulder.
他把手放在我的肩上。
We set food and drink before the travelers.
我們把食物和飲料擺在旅客面前。
�、鄄贾茫才�
Please set the table for dinner.
請(qǐng)擺好餐具準(zhǔn)備就餐。
The table is set for six guests.
桌子上擺好了六位客人的餐具。
�、苤贫ǎ_定
Have you set the time for the meeting?
你們把開(kāi)會(huì)的時(shí)間定下來(lái)了嗎？
They haven’t set a date for their wedding yet.
他們的婚期還沒(méi)定下來(lái)。
We must set ourselves precise sales targets for the coming year.
我們要為明年定出準(zhǔn)確的銷(xiāo)售指標(biāo)。
�、荩ㄌ�(yáng)等）下落
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太陽(yáng)從東方升起在西方落下。
In Britain the sun sets much later in summer than in winter.
在英國(guó)，夏季日落時(shí)間比冬季晚得多。
�、掼偳队�
He set a diamond in a ring.
他把一塊寶石鑲嵌在戒指上。
Her bracelet was set with emeralds.
她的手鐲上鑲著綠寶石。
含有set的常見(jiàn)搭配：
set about sth./doing sth. 開(kāi)始（某工作），著手做
set …aside 將…放在一邊，（為某目的）節(jié)省或保留（錢(qián)或時(shí)間）
set off 使爆炸；動(dòng)身
set out to do sth. （帶著某目的）開(kāi)始做
set out 動(dòng)身
set up 建立，創(chuàng)立
�、臩he set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office.
她一到辦公室就開(kāi)始寫(xiě)回信。
�、艻 don’t know how to set about this job.
這工作我不知如何入手。
�、荢he sets aside a bit of money every month.
她每月都存一點(diǎn)兒錢(qián)。
�、菼 try to set aside a few minutes each day to do some exercises.
我每天盡量騰出一些時(shí)間鍛煉一下身體。
�、蒊f you want to catch that train, we’d better set off for the station immediately.
你要是想趕上那班火車(chē)，咱們就最好馬上動(dòng)身去火車(chē)站。
�、蔇o be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.
這些煙火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。
�、薚hey succeeded in what they set out to do.
他們打算做的事已做好了。
�、蘏he set out at dawn.
她天一亮就出發(fā)了。
⑼The government has set up a working party to look into the problem.
政府已成立工作組調(diào)查這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
高考鏈接：
----When shall we start?
----Let’s ________ it 8:30.Is that all right? (2002 北京市)
A. set B. meet C. make D. take
分析：make it 為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“規(guī)定時(shí)間”。另外，make it還有“成功”的意思，如：He’s never really made it as an actor.他當(dāng)演員從未有所成就。
答案：C
2.wrong adj.＆ adv. 不正當(dāng)?shù)�，不道德的；錯(cuò)誤的
⑴It’s wrong to steal.
偷竊是不道德的。
�、艸e did the sum but got the wrong answer.
他做了這道題，但算錯(cuò)了答案。
�、荂an you prove that I am wrong?
你能證實(shí)我錯(cuò)了嗎？
常見(jiàn)搭配：
What’s wrong with…? …怎么了/出什么問(wèn)題了
There’s something wrong with…. …出毛病了/出故障了
go wrong 出毛病，不對(duì)頭，犯錯(cuò)誤，做錯(cuò)事
�、臰hat’s wrong with the engine?
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了什么故障了？
�、芖hat’s wrong with you?
你哪里不舒服？
�、荰here’s something wrong with my eyes.---- I can’t see properly.
我的眼睛出毛病了----看不清楚了。
�、萒he television has gone wrong again.
電視又出毛病了。
�、蒚he party was going well until Mary arrived, then everything went wrong.
瑪麗來(lái)之前晚會(huì)開(kāi)得很成功，可后來(lái)一切都不對(duì)了。
*wrong n. 冤屈，錯(cuò)事
短語(yǔ)搭配：
do wrong 做錯(cuò)事，做壞事，做得不對(duì)
�、臝 hope you’ll never do wrong.
我希望你永不做壞事。
⑵You did wrong to let out the secret.
你泄密是錯(cuò)誤的。
⑶They have done me a great wrong.
他們對(duì)待我非常不公平。
類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞詞組有：
do right 做的對(duì)
do good 做好事，有好處
do harm 有害處
�、臥eter did right to help the old woman out of the bus.
彼得扶那位老太太下車(chē)是對(duì)的。
�、芐moking does great harm to one’s health.
吸煙對(duì)健康危害極大。
⑶Doing morning exercise will do you a lot of good.
做早操對(duì)你有好多好處。
�、萗ou should do good all your life.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)一輩子做好事。
3.degree n.
*度數(shù)
Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
水在32華氏度結(jié)冰。
*學(xué)位
To do the job, you must have a degree in chemistry.
有化學(xué)學(xué)位的人才能做這工作。
*程度，等級(jí)
The students have different degrees of ability.
學(xué)生的能力大小各有不同。
短語(yǔ)搭配：
to…degree 達(dá)到…程度
by degrees 逐漸地
�、臫o what degree was he involved in the crimes?
他在多大程度參與了這些犯罪活動(dòng)？
�、艸e was interested in his work to such a degree that he thought about nothing else.
他對(duì)工作是如此感興趣，以至于從不想別的事情。
⑶To a certain degree he likes his job.
在某種程度上他喜歡他的工作。
�、薈hinese fans love Yao Ming to the degree that they will try to watch any match that Yao Ming competes in.
中國(guó)球迷很喜歡姚明，以至于只要有姚明參賽他們都想方設(shè)法觀看。
�、蘃e is getting better by degrees.
他漸漸好起來(lái)了。
*常見(jiàn)的“ by +名詞/代詞”短語(yǔ)除了by degrees 之外，還有：
by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地（因粗心、遺忘等所致）
by accident 偶然，意外地
by chance 偶然地，意外地
by oneself 單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自
高考鏈接：
No one helped me. I did it all _______ myself. (2005全國(guó)高考一)
A. for B. by C. from D. to
分析：
題意為：因?yàn)闆](méi)人幫助我，所以我是全靠自己做的。by oneself 為固定斷語(yǔ)“獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)”。
答案：B
4.acknowledge v. “承認(rèn)，為…表示感謝”，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
acknowledge + 名詞
acknowledge + 動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式（不接不定式作賓語(yǔ)）
acknowledge + that
�、臘o you acknowledge defeat?
你認(rèn)輸嗎？
⑵They refused to acknowledge that they were defeated.
他們拒絕承認(rèn)被打敗了。
⑶The opponents acknowledged having been defeated.
對(duì)手們承認(rèn)輸了。
�、萐he acknowledged his help in her book.
她在書(shū)中對(duì)他的幫助表示謝意。
�、蒆e was acknowledged to be the finest poet in the world.
他是公認(rèn)的世界上最優(yōu)秀的詩(shī)人。
* acknowledgement n.
詞組：in acknowledgement of … 承認(rèn)…，感謝…
eg.
He was given a gold watch in acknowledgement of his work for the business.
公司給他一塊金表，以感謝他為公司效力。
* acknowledged adj. 公認(rèn)的
eg.
She is the acknowledged leader in her field of chemistry.
她是化學(xué)領(lǐng)域公認(rèn)的權(quán)威。
*只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）有：
admit 承認(rèn)
give up 放棄
cannot help 情不自禁
avoid 避免
consider 考慮
mind 介意
postpone 推遲
dislike 嫌惡
deny 否認(rèn)
delay 耽擱
enjoy 喜歡
miss 逃過(guò)，錯(cuò)過(guò)
escape 避免
excuse 原諒
feel like 意欲
finish 完成
risk 冒險(xiǎn)
suggest 建議
put off 推遲
resist 抵抗
fancy 想不到
practise 練習(xí)
高考鏈接：
In some parts of London, missing a bus means ________ for another hour. (2002上海高考)
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
分析：
mean doing 表示“意味著”，mean to do 表示“打算做，想做”。句意為：在倫敦一些地區(qū)，錯(cuò)過(guò)一班汽車(chē)就意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。
答案：A
5.apart adv. 分開(kāi),相距,相隔
⑴The two houses stood 500 metres apart.
這兩所房子相距500米。
⑵You never see them apart these days.
他們近來(lái)形影不離。
⑶These pages stuck together----I can’t pull them apart.
這幾頁(yè)粘在一起了----我揭不開(kāi)他們。
短語(yǔ)搭配：
tell…apart 分辨，區(qū)別（同義短語(yǔ)：tell …from…把…和…區(qū)分開(kāi)）
apart from 除了(某事物)之外，除去；除了…之外，還…，不止…
take sth. apart 拆開(kāi)
�、臕part from his nose, he’s quite good－looking.
除了他的鼻子之外，哪兒都好看。
�、艫part from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.
除了臉部和雙手受傷以外，兩條腿也斷了。
⑶Can you tell her from her sister?
你能分得出她和她的妹妹嗎？
�、萒he mechanic took the engine apart.
機(jī)修工把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)拆開(kāi)了。
�、蒊 can’t tell the two boys apart.
我分不清這兩個(gè)男孩子。
�、蔎ohn enjoys taking old clocks apart.
約翰喜歡拆卸舊鐘。
高考鏈接：
If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, ________ him or her leave a message. ( 2005福建高考)
A. have B. get C. ask D. tell
分析：tell一詞除了有“分辨”的意思（如上所講和from 或apart搭配），它還可搭配成句型tell sb. to do sth.（叫某人做某事）。本題應(yīng)選have ,組成句型have sb. do sth. 另外get和ask 組成：get/ask sb. to do sth.
答案：A
6.volunteer v. 自愿，主動(dòng)
詞組：volunteer to do sth.
�、臝 volunteered to search for the missing child.
我自愿去尋找那個(gè)失蹤的孩子。
�、艸e volunteered to join the army.
他自愿參軍。
*
volunteer n. 志愿者，自愿參加者
voluntary adj. 自愿的，主動(dòng)的，無(wú)償?shù)?/p>
voluntarily adv. 自發(fā)地
involuntary adj. 非自愿的
involuntarily adv. 非自愿地
⑴Few volunteers came forward.
沒(méi)什么自告奮勇的人。
�、芓he prisoner made a voluntary statement.
那個(gè)犯人主動(dòng)地做了供述。
�、荂harities rely on voluntary donations.
慈善事業(yè)依靠自愿捐獻(xiàn)。
�、萐he does voluntary social work.
她從事義務(wù)社會(huì)工作。
�、蒆e made the promise quite voluntarily. I did not force him to.
他非常自愿地答應(yīng)的，我沒(méi)有強(qiáng)迫他。
�、蔋e gave an involuntary smile.
他不自覺(jué)地笑了。
7.starve v. 挨餓，餓死
starvation n.
�、臫housands of cattle are starving.
成千上萬(wàn)的牛正在挨餓。
�、芐he is starving herself to try to lose weight.
她正在用節(jié)食的辦法減輕體重。
�、荌 am starving; let’s have a big dinner.
我快餓死了，讓咱們好好吃上一頓吧。
⑷In 19th–century Ireland, people died of starvation when the potato crop failed.
在19世紀(jì)的愛(ài)爾蘭，人們?cè)谕炼箿p產(chǎn)時(shí)餓死。
短語(yǔ)搭配：
starve sb. out( of sth.) 將某人餓得從隱藏處出來(lái)
starve to death 餓死
starve for sth. 渴望得到…
be starved of 非常需要，沒(méi)有
�、臝t took 8 days to starve them out (of the building).
用了8天的時(shí)間才把他們餓得（從那座建筑物里）出來(lái)了。
�、芓he engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start.
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)沒(méi)有汽油了，啟動(dòng)不了。
�、荋e got lost in the desert and starved to death.
他在沙漠中迷路餓死了。
�、萒he girl is starving for attention.
這個(gè)小女孩渴望得到照顧。
�、蒑any children starve for love.
許多兒童渴望得到愛(ài)。
8.
eager adj. 熱切的，熱心的，渴望的
eagerness n.
eagerly adv.
短語(yǔ)搭配：
be eager for sth. 渴望…
be eager to do 渴望做某事
⑴She is eager for success.
她渴望成功。
⑵I am eager to join the Youth League.
我很想加入共青團(tuán)。
�、荳e are eager to go on our vacation.
我們盼著去度假。
*辨析：eager 和anxious 都有“渴望的，急于”的意思，但略有不同，anxious著重指焦急、著急、擔(dān)心的心情，eager著重指對(duì)成功的期望或進(jìn)取的熱情。試比較：
⑴We were anxious to reach home before dark.
我們急于在天黑以前到家。
⑵He is eager to join the Party.
他渴望入黨。
高考鏈接：
We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海高考)
A. a rush so anxious
B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush
D. such an anxious rush
分析：
such 后接名詞，正確的詞序是such an anxious rush；so后接形容詞，正確的詞序是so anxious a rush。
答案：D
9.straight adj. 直的,端正的
�、臝s my tie straight?
我的領(lǐng)帶系得正不正？
⑵I have straight, not curly hair.
我的頭發(fā)是直的，不是卷的。
習(xí)語(yǔ):
keep a straight face 繃著臉,忍住不笑
put sth. straight 將某物弄整齊
�、臜e has such a strange voice that it’s difficult to keep a straight face when he’s talking.
他的聲音古怪,說(shuō)起話來(lái)很難讓人不笑。
�、芇lease put your desk straight before you leave the office.
請(qǐng)你先把辦公桌收拾好再離開(kāi)辦公室。
*straight adv. 成直線地, 徑直
�、臠ook straight ahead.
一直往前看。
�、艸e was too drunk to walk straight.
他酩酊大醉,走起路來(lái)步子不穩(wěn)。
�、荌’ll come straight to the point----your work isn’t good enough.
我要直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō)----你的工作做得不夠好。
短語(yǔ)搭配:
straight away 立刻地,毫不猶豫地
straight out 直截了當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
�、臝 told her straight away that it was a foolish idea.
我立刻就告訴了她這個(gè)想法很傻。
�、艻 told him straight out that I thought he was lying.
我直率地對(duì)他說(shuō)我認(rèn)為他是在撒謊。
*straighten v. 使…變直
�、臩traighten your back (up).
把背挺直。
�、芓he road straightens after a series of bends.
這條路經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)彎之后就直了。
�、荢traighten your tie.
把你的領(lǐng)帶弄正。
短語(yǔ): straighten sb. out 使某人消除疑慮,給某人解釋清楚；使…改正，使…好轉(zhuǎn)
�、臲ou’re clearly rather muddled about office procedures but I’ll soon straighten you out.
你顯然不大明白辦事的手續(xù),我很快就給你解釋清楚。
�、芖hen he was young, he drank too much, but his wife has straightened him out.
他年輕時(shí)酗酒成性，他妻子幫他改正了這個(gè)毛病。
10.convince vt. 使某人確信，說(shuō)服
短語(yǔ)搭配：
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信…
convince sb. to do sth. 說(shuō)服某人做某事
convince sb. that… 使某人相信…，說(shuō)服某人…
�、臝t took a long time to convince me of his guilt.
花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才使我相信他是有罪的。
⑵How can I convince you of her honesty?
我怎樣才能使你相信她是誠(chéng)實(shí)的呢？
�、荳hat convinced you to vote for them?
究竟是什么使得你愿意投他們的票？
�、萕e convinced him to go by car.
我們說(shuō)服他開(kāi)車(chē)去。
�、蒊 convinced him to go to the movie.
我說(shuō)服了他去看電影。
�、蔍t was hard to convince you (that) we couldn’t afford a new car.
很難想使你相信我們買(mǎi)不起一輛新汽車(chē)。
*convinced adj. （做定語(yǔ)）虔誠(chéng)的
convincing adj. 令人信服的，有說(shuō)服力的
convincible adj. 可被說(shuō)服的，可喻之以理的
11.fact n. 可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)用作單數(shù)，且無(wú)不定冠詞修飾時(shí)，作“現(xiàn)實(shí)”、“實(shí)情”、“真相”解釋?zhuān)喈?dāng)于reality.
�、臫he story is founded on fact.
這故事是根據(jù)現(xiàn)實(shí)寫(xiě)的。
�、芓his report is based on fact.
這篇報(bào)告是根據(jù)實(shí)際情況寫(xiě)的。
*fact還可作“事實(shí)”解釋?zhuān)纾?/p>
�、臚acts speak louder than word.
事實(shí)勝于雄辯。
�、芅o one can deny the fact that fire burns.
沒(méi)有人能否認(rèn)火可燃燒這個(gè)事實(shí)。
*含有fact的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)搭配：
as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上
in fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
facts and figures 精確的資料，準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)
in point of fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上
⑴As a mater of fact, I am hungry.
實(shí)際上我餓了。
�、艻n fact he does not have much money.
事實(shí)上他沒(méi)什么錢(qián)。
�、荈or eight years she was in fact spying for the enemy.
八年來(lái)她實(shí)際上一直為敵人做間諜工作。
�、菳efore we make detailed plans, we need some more facts and figures.
我們還需要更多的精確資料才能制定出詳細(xì)計(jì)劃。
�、蒆e said he would pay, but in point of fact he has no money.
他說(shuō)他付錢(qián)，可實(shí)際上他并沒(méi)有錢(qián)。
高考鏈接：
Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _______, neither of them could swim.（2002 全
國(guó)春季）
A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
分析：根據(jù)題意“兩名中年乘客落入水中，兩人都不會(huì)游泳”可知此處應(yīng)為Unfortunately “不幸的是”。
答案：C
12.astonish v. 使…驚訝，震驚
�、臫he news astonished everyone.
這消息使人感到震驚。
⑵It astonishes me that no one has thought of this before.
以前誰(shuí)也沒(méi)想到這一點(diǎn)，使我感到驚訝。
*
astonishment n.
astonished 感到驚訝的
astonishing 使人驚訝的
常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：
to one’s astonishment 令人驚訝的是
in astonishment 驚訝地
�、臩he looked astonished when she heard the news.
她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)挺驚訝。
�、艸e was astonished to hear that he had got the job.
他聽(tīng)到獲得了那份工作感到驚訝。
�、荰here were an astonishing number of applicants for the job.
申請(qǐng)這份工作的人數(shù)多得驚人。
�、萒o my astonishment it had completely disappeared.
令我驚訝的是，它消失得無(wú)影無(wú)蹤了。
⑸He looked at me in astonishment.
他驚奇地看著我。
高考鏈接：
It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely _______ the reader. (2003上海高考)
A. interested, interest
B. interesting, be interested
C. interested, be interesting
D. interesting, interest
分析： interest 的用法跟astonish相似，interest可用作動(dòng)詞，表示“使…感到有趣”，第二空就是這種用法；interested 常用來(lái)修飾sb.，表示“（某人）感興趣的”；interesting 常用來(lái)修飾sth.，表示“（某物）有趣的”，第一空就是這種用法。
答案：D
13.due adj.
*應(yīng)支付的
Have they been paid the money due to them?
他們是否已得到了應(yīng)得的錢(qián)？
*預(yù)期的，約定的
⑴His book is due to be published in October.
他的書(shū)預(yù)定在十月份出版。
⑵The train is due in five minutes.
火車(chē)預(yù)定在五分鐘后到。
常見(jiàn)搭配：
due to 因?yàn)椤�，由于�?/p>
in due course 在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候
�、臕ccidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.
在那個(gè)周末因高速駕駛造成的交通事故很多。
⑵The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.
該隊(duì)的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
�、荵our request will be dealt with in due course.
你的要求將在適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)予以處理。
*due to 的同義短語(yǔ)：owing to
�、臜e was late owing to the heavy traffic.
他遲到是因?yàn)榻煌〒頂D。
�、芖e were late owing to the snow.
我們遲到是因?yàn)橄卵?/p>
14.possess v. 持有，具有
�、臜e decided to give away everything he possessed and become a monk.
他決定放棄他所有的一切，出家為僧。
�、芓hey possess property all over the world.
他們?cè)谑澜绺鞯鼐鶕碛胸?cái)產(chǎn)。
�、荰hey asked me if I possess a gun.
他們問(wèn)我是否有槍支。
短語(yǔ)搭配：
be possessed of … 具有（某品質(zhì)）
She is possessed of a wonderfully calm temperament.
她性情非常文靜
*
possession n. 擁有，占有
possessor n. 擁有者，所有者
possessive adj. 占有欲強(qiáng)的
短語(yǔ)搭配：
in possession (of sth.) 占有…，控制…
take possession of … 占有…，成為…的所有者
lose possession of 失去…的所有權(quán)
⑴He was caught in possession of stolen goods.
他人臟并獲。
⑵While they are in possession we can’t sell the house.
他們還住著這個(gè)房子，我們無(wú)法出售。
�、荰he soldiers took possession of the enemy’s fort.
士兵占領(lǐng)了敵人的要塞。
⑷They will lose possession of their house if they don’t pay the mortgage.
他們?nèi)绻粌敻兜盅壕蛯⑹ニ麄兡撬孔?/p>