Unit 6
1.perseverance堅(jiān)持不懈， 不屈不撓
persevere vi. He persevered with his work.
perseverence n. Our study needs perseverance
2.Failure happens when you quit.
quit vt. (quitted/quit, quitted/quit, quitting)
(1)從…離去,離開; 停止;辭職 (to eave; to give up; to stop) +n./doing
I’ve quit my job. 我辭職了.
Quit smoking in this room, please.
Quit fooling around! 別胡鬧了!
(2)to rid oneself of by paying 償清
quit a debt
(3)舉止；以一種特定的方式表現(xiàn)(自己)
Quit yourself like adults.
(4) be quit of sb./sth: 擺脫某人/某物
I was glad to be quit of the troublesome job.
3. Apply the following statements to yourself.
(1)請(qǐng)求；申請(qǐng)vi
I want to apply for the job.
(2)apply… to… 涂,敷,抹; 適用;把…應(yīng)用于…vt, to put to or adapt for a special use:
Apply some medicine to his wound. 給他的傷口敷藥。
What I have said does not apply to you.
You can’t apply this rule to every case.
New technology __is being applied to almost every industrial process.
(3)apply oneself to 專心致力于---， apply one’s mind to專心從事于 ;
to devote (oneself or one's efforts) to something:
Students should apply themselves to their study.
He applied his mind to the job.
Exercises:
Windows _____to isolate different physical environments while allowing light to pass.
A. are applied B. applying C. applied A
Eco-agriculture _____to more Chinese farmland
A. applied B. is to apply C. will be applied C
4.add v. 增加；添加；相加；繼續(xù)說
(1)to combine (a column of figures, for example) to form a sum. 把…加起來：把（如一串?dāng)?shù)字）加起來求得總數(shù)
add up加起來
Add up all these figures. Please add the figures up / together.
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.
他把每一塊石頭的重量記下來，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
Three _______to one is four. A. Adding B. added C. adds C
add up to 總計(jì)達(dá)；總起來意味著
These figures add up to fifty.
All he said added up to his disagreement.
add to 增添，增加
The music added to our enjoyment.
The green belts add to the beauty of the school.
add sth to sth 往。。。里加。。。
add fuel to the fire 火上加油；使事情更糟
(2). to say or write further. 進(jìn)一步說，進(jìn)一步寫
I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.
我還要補(bǔ)充說一下,我們對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果表示滿意。
Would you like to add anything to what I've said, John?
5.circumstance（通常用復(fù)數(shù)）環(huán)境；情況
In the present ~s
Circumstances allowing, I’ll go abroad to study.
under/ in the ~s 在此情況下，既然這樣
I had to give up my attempt in the circumstances.
Under the circumstance of market economy，在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下
under / in no ~s 無論如何不，絕不
I will under no ~s let my daughter marry such a person.(放在句首句子要部分倒裝)
->Under no circumstances will I let my daughter marry such a person .
Under no circumstance will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
任何情況下中國(guó)都不會(huì)首先使用核武器。
6。more than
A. “ More than ＋名詞” (=not only)
表示“多于 …… ”、不僅僅是，“非但 …… 尤其是”如：
1) He’s more than a teacher. He’s our best friend.
2) The museum is more than a museum. It’s a school.
B. “ More than ＋數(shù)詞” (=over)含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：
3) I have known David for more than 20 years.
4) The museum is more than 10 kilometres from here
5） More than one house was burnt down in the fire.
C. “ More than ＋形容詞” (extremely)等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：
6) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
7) Her performance was more than good; it was perfect.
D. 在“ More...than... ”中，肯定“ more ”后面的而否定“ than ”后面的，約等于“是 …… 而不
8) This book seems to be more a manual than a text.
9) Catherine is more diligent勤奮 than intelligent.聰明
10) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
E. “ More than ”或“ More...than... ”＋含“ can ”的分句時(shí)表示“否定意”，如： 11) That's more than I can do.
12) Don't bite off more than you can chew.
13) In delivering發(fā)表 his lecture, Jason makes sure not to include more things than the students can understand.
F. “ No more...than... ”表示“不 …… ；不如 …… ”，如：
14) I can no more do that than anyone else.
15) A learner can no more obtain knowledge without reading than a farmer can get good harvest without ploughing. ”
比較
1) He is not more diligent than John.前者不如后者
2) He is no more diligent than John . 一樣不
3) He is not more than 40. 不超過（不強(qiáng)調(diào)少）
4) He is no more than 40. (=only,強(qiáng)調(diào)少,有感情色彩)
5) He is no less active than he used to be.不少于，不亞于 ，和……一樣
6) He is more brave than wise.有勇無謀
7) The film is more in name than in reality.名不符實(shí)
8) The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.與其說是語法書倒不如說是本詞典
7. I don’t lose heart when I fail to do something.
lost heart = discourage= dishearten=lost hope=be discouraged = be disheartened
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to make less hopeful or enthusiastic”:
這些動(dòng)詞的中心意思都是：“使泄氣，使失去熱情,失掉信心，喪失勇氣”：
Don’t lose heart when you come across difficulties.
比較He lost his heart to the famous actress.
lose one’s heart to sb./sth 愛上/傾心于=give one’s heart to sb.=love sb./sth
heart 作“決心，毅力”解，為抽象名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式, 一般前面不加修飾語。
聯(lián)想： by heart默記地
break one’s heart傷心
have one’s heart in one’s mouth忐忑不安
heart and soul全心全意地；熱心地
with all one’s heart全心全意
Keep on trying . Never _________. I'm sure you'll succeed sooner or later.
A. Lose heart B. lose one’s heart C. lose hearts A
lose heart 失去勇氣
lose one’s heart to 愛上。。。
lose contact with 與。。。失去聯(lián)系
lose control of 對(duì)。。。失去控制
lose face 丟面子
lose hold of 松手，放開
lose interest in 對(duì)。。。失去興趣
lose no time in doing sth 不失時(shí)機(jī)（抓緊時(shí)間）作。。。
lose sight of 忘記，忽視
8. You will do better if you take it easy. (p47)
Take it / things easy 別緊張，放松點(diǎn)
Take it easy, there is nothing serious.
[比較]Take your time , there is still 15 minutes to go.
take one’s time 慢慢來，別急
“You don’t have to answer quickly. Please take your time.”
a)________________, there is nothing serious.
b)______________________, there is still 15 minutes to go.
c)----Can I look about the rooms before I decide which room I’d like to stay in ?
-----Of course.________, madam.
A. That’s all right B. Take your time
C. Enjoy yourself D. Take it easy.
Take it from me 相信我的話，我敢擔(dān)保
Take .. for granted 認(rèn)為。。。是當(dāng)然的
Take over 接任；接管；接收
Take up 開始做。。。；專注于；占用；接下去
Take back 撤銷
Take for 當(dāng)作；誤認(rèn)為
Take in 收容；囊括；包含；縮減尺寸；領(lǐng)悟；蒙騙
Take off 脫掉衣服；飛機(jī)起飛
Take on 雇傭；聘用； 開始顯現(xiàn)； 承擔(dān)；（工作，責(zé)任）
Take sb./it /things seriously 尊敬某人；重視; 認(rèn)真對(duì)待, 當(dāng)真
9. keep up 維持;保持;堅(jiān)持;繼續(xù)；
1) They lead an active life to keep up their body temperature.
2) Many people keep up this old tradition.
3) Will the weather keep up?
Keep up with 不落在---后面, 趕上
She likes to keep up with the latest fashion
He walked so fast that she couldn’t keep up with him.
10.common sense 常識(shí)，情理=general knowledge
A sense of humour/beauty/shame幽默感/美感/羞恥心
a man of sense通情達(dá)理的人,有理智的人
in common 共同，共有
share a common interest 有共同利益
share a common tongue 講同一種語言
out of the common 與眾不同，奇特
be common to 是。。。所共有
too common to mention 司空見慣，不值一提
11.survive 生還，殘存;比---長(zhǎng)壽
Vi 幸存；活下來
We survived, although others died in the accident.
Vt. ….之后還活著
Only one baby survived the terrible car crash.
We survived the accident.
survival n. 生存, 幸存, 殘存, 幸存者, 殘存物
The man's survival was surprising, as the doctors thought he would die.
這個(gè)人能活下來真是出人意外，因?yàn)獒t(yī)生們認(rèn)為他必死無疑。
survival kit 緊急求生用品箱
survivor 生還者，殘存物
13. nail 指甲；釘子
1）. fingernail toenail
You must stop biting your nails.
2）. He drove/ hammered a two-inch nail into the wall.
3）. The two girls are fighting tooth and nail(=fiercely)竭盡全力，拼命地
14。All alone, and with very few tools, he managed to survive on the island for more tham 27 years.
All alone 在句中作伴隨狀語
He did it all alone. 這事是他一個(gè)人干的。
形容詞作伴隨或結(jié)果狀語，表狀態(tài)
［誤］He went to bed, coldly and hungrily.
［正］He went to bed, cold and hungry.
［析］形容詞作伴隨狀語，說明他上床時(shí)所處的狀態(tài)，并非說明他上床的方式。
He was sitting in a corner, silently.
silently→silent。副詞誤用。本題中應(yīng)用形容詞作伴隨狀語。
15.This account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave
him the idea to move there.
beyond 作介詞時(shí)，主要用法有：
(1) (表示位置) 在……的那邊；在…… 之外。如：
My uncle lives beyond the river. 我叔叔住在河的對(duì)岸。
The airport is 40 miles beyond the town. 機(jī)場(chǎng)在離城40英里以外的地方。
(2) (表示時(shí)間) 過了，比……晚。如：
My father arrived beyond eight o’clock. 我父親過了八點(diǎn)鐘才到。
He came home beyond the usual time. 他比平時(shí)回家晚。
(3) (表示范圍、限度) 超出；為……所不及。如：
If the work is beyond Tom, it is certainly beyond me.
如果湯姆干不了這項(xiàng)工作，我也干不了。
They live beyond their income. 他們的生活入不敷出。
This problem is far beyond me / my comprehension.
The TV is beyond repair.
(4) (常用于含疑問或否定意義的結(jié)構(gòu)中) 除……之外。如：
I didn’t notice anything beyond his rather strange accent.
除了他那頗為古怪的口音以外，我沒有注意到別的。
I know nothing of it beyond what he told me.
I cannot say anything beyond that.
I’m sorry it’s ____ my power to make a final decision on the project.
(上海 2004春)
A. over B. above
C. off D. beyond
Beyond all praise 贊美不盡
Beyond belief 難以置信
Beyond compare 無與倫比，不可及的
Beyond description 無法形容
Beyond hope 沒希望的，絕望的
Beyond sb’s grasp ； beyond my power/reach. beyond my control 為。。。所不及的
Beyond words 無法用語言表達(dá)
16. Leave behind 忘帶；留下
I’ve left behind my hat on the chair.
The lights of the city were soon left behind.
He left a great fame / a large fortune behind (him).
Leave alone 讓。。。獨(dú)自呆著
Leave…at the mercy of 任由。。。擺布
Leave off 停止
Leave out 遺漏，漏掉
17。In the spring we continued our journey westward. 春天，我們繼續(xù)向西旅行。
westward ad.向西 a.西方的
go in a westward direction 向西走 march westward 向西行軍
n.西方，西部 lie to the westward 位于西部
westwards adv.
They traveled westwards.
18.The journey through the mountains and desert in the central part of the continent was the most trying part.
通過大陸中央的山脈和沙漠的旅程是最艱難的。
trying a.難受的；難堪的；費(fèi)勁的；惱人的
a trying situation尷尬的局面；難處的境況
19. Ox- oxen cattle cow bull buffalo bison
John Bull 約翰牛(指英國(guó)或英國(guó)人)
20. ... and the long walk through the sand was hard on the oxen.
此處be hard on意為“夠…受，使…難以忍受”。另外，它還可意為“磨得厲害；對(duì)…過于嚴(yán)厲，苛刻；緊跟等”。如：
These rough roads are hard on your shoes. 這些崎嶇的道路把鞋磨得厲害。
Don’t be too hard on your little son. 不要對(duì)你的兒子過于苛刻。
When I arrived there, I found that he was hard on me.
我到那兒時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他緊跟在我的后面。
Work hard at 竭盡全力
She is working hard at her term paper. 她正在用心撰寫學(xué)期論文。
Take a hard look at 冷眼看待
We need to take a long hard look at the whole system of welfare payments
我們需要長(zhǎng)期冷靜的審視整套福利支付制度。
21. burden
She bore the burden of caring for her sick mother.
The boy was a burden to / on his family.
Senior middle school students were heavily burdened with all kinds of homework
22. The animals dragged their legs, too weak to pull their burden, and their tongues hung out in desperate need of water.這些動(dòng)物拖著他們的腿，太虛弱了而不能拉動(dòng)負(fù)擔(dān)，他們的舌頭由于極度缺少水而在外搭了著。
hand out掛出； desperate極度渴望的
desperate adj.1>令人絕望的，危急的 in a desperate state 在絕境中
The situation was so desperate.
2>（因絕望而）孤注一擲，拼死的 make a desperate effort 拼命的努力
The ~ thief shot at the policeman.
3>極度渴望的be desperate for――極度想要――
He was desperate for fame.
in desperate need of很渴望的
He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.
4>極端的；（氣候）險(xiǎn)要的a desperate fool大傻瓜
desperately adv.拼命地, 絕望地
23. For many weeks we had been accustomed to seeing horses and oxen, suffering from heat, thirst, and starvation.許多個(gè)星期，我們習(xí)慣于看到馬、牛受熱、渴和饑餓之苦。
be accustomed to (+n.或V-ing形式)習(xí)慣于（比be used to 正式）。
be / get / become accustomed to =be/get/become used to
You will soon get accustomed to the job.你將會(huì)很快習(xí)慣這個(gè)工作的。
I am accustomed to cold weather/ walking long distances.
You’ll soon get accustomed to cold weather.
suffer from(v.+prep.=vt.)受――之苦；患――
She often suffers from headaches.她常頭痛。
suffer from floods遭受洪水
24. thirst
After walking for three hours, I really had a thirst.
She has the thirst for fame.
25. starve, starvation
Die of ~
~ cure斷食療法
26. anxiety about/ for
I felt anxiety about / for his safety when I heard the news of the train accident.
with great anxiety非常擔(dān)憂, 十分焦急地
When we saw the valley with fat cattle and horses, we thought we had reached the promised land.當(dāng)我們看到牛肥馬壯的山谷時(shí)，我們知道我們到了一個(gè)有指望的土地。
promise有希望，有――可能. This year promises a good harvest.今年有豐收的希望。
promised過去分詞作定語，有希望的。
27. come to an end 結(jié)束, 告終
The meeting came to an end at midnight.
bring …to an end結(jié)束, 完成, 終止
25. anniversary周年紀(jì)念（日）
Tomorrow is the anniversary of the first day we dated.
A wedding anniversary
They celebrated their 10th wedding anniversary.
26. relief
n. 1. 解脫的感覺
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.
聽說我已經(jīng)通過了考試，感到輕松多了。
give a patient relief from pain使病人減輕痛苦
2. Aid in time of danger. 援助
to send relief to flood victims
將救濟(jì)物資運(yùn)送給遭受水災(zāi)的災(zāi)民
provide relief for refugees 救濟(jì)難民
A relief fund 救濟(jì)基金
Vt.
1. 減少；減輕
This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.
這將會(huì)在一定程度上減輕對(duì)火車的壓力。
relieved all his symptoms 減輕了他的所有癥狀；
relieved the tension.緩和緊張局面
a drug that relieves headaches 緩解頭痛的藥
2. 免除；解除（與of連用）
Let me relieve you of that heavy parcel.
讓我把你的重包裹解下來吧。
relieve sb. from anxiety消除某人的憂慮
relieve the people in flood-stricken area 救濟(jì)水災(zāi)區(qū)的人們
27. deliver
1.遞送 ~ sth. (to sb.)
The mailman delivers the mail twice a day in this area.
Would you deliver my message to your mother?
2.發(fā)言He delivered a long speech.
3.接生The doctor managed to deliver the triplets safely.
delivery n.
28.Tough強(qiáng)壯的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；吃苦耐勞的 ;堅(jiān)韌的；困難的；費(fèi)力的；難切難吃的; 殘暴的；嚴(yán)酷的；苛刻的：
a tough winter( severe; harsh)
This steak is too tough咬不動(dòng)
He looked ( to be) the toughest of all the challengers.
Tough policies強(qiáng)硬的政策
a tough guy[美]無賴
a tough job棘手的工作
a tough customer難伺候的客人
have a tough time of it日子不好過
29. tie up
You should tie up the parcel with a strong string.
30. stake
Be at stake 在危險(xiǎn)中=in danger
His life was at stake.
31. go for為…去;努力獲取;追求, 想獲得 ; 喜歡；被吸引
She’s gone for a book. Go for a walk
to go for a job求職
She doesn't go for men of this type.她不喜歡他這種類型的男人。