Period 1 (Unit 1 BII) Warming up & Listening & Speaking
I. Warming up
1. Introduce some famous scientists.
The German-American physicist Albert Einstein, b. Ulm, Germany, Mar. 14, 1879, d. Princeton, N.J., Apr. 18, 1955, contributed more than any other scientist to the 20th-century vision of physical reality. In the wake of (隨著...而來) World War I, Einstein's theories--especially his theory of relativity--seemed to many people to point to a pure quality of human thought, one far removed from the war and its aftermath. Seldom has a scientist received such public attention for having cultivated the fruit of pure learning.
MARIE CURIE opened up the science of radioactivity（放射能）. She is best known as the discoverer of the radioactive elements（元素） polonium（釙） and radium（鐳）and as the first person to win two Nobel prizes. For scientists and the public, her radium was a key to a basic change in our understanding of matter and energy. Her work not only influenced（影響） the development of fundamental （基礎(chǔ)的）science but also ushered（引導(dǎo)）in a new era（紀(jì)元） in medical research and treatment.
Alfred North Whitehead (b.1861 - d.1947), British mathematician, logician and philosopher best known for his work in mathematical logic and the philosophy of science. In collaboration with Bertrand Russell, he authored（創(chuàng)造） the landmark（里程碑） three-volume Principia Mathematica (1910, 1912, 1913) and contributed significantly to twentieth-century logic and metaphysics（形而上學(xué)）.
At the time that Galileo arrived at the University, some debate had started up on one of Aristotle's "laws" of nature--namely, that that heavier objects fell faster than lighter objects. Aristotle's word had been accepted as gospel truth, and there had been few attempts to actually test Aristotle's conclusions by actually conducting an experiment!
According to legend, Galileo decided to try. He needed to be able to drop the objects from a great height. The perfect building was right at hand--the Tower of Pisa, 54 meters tall. Galileo climbed up to the top of the building carrying a variety of balls of varying size and weight, and dumped them off of the top. They all landed at the base of the building at the same time (legend says that the demonstration was witnessed by a huge crowd of students and professors). Aristotle was wrong.
Who were they?
What were they famous for?
Scientists Contributions Quotes Meaning
Albert Einstein the Theory of Relativity Imagination is more important than knowledge. If we weren’ t able to use out imagination, knowledge would simply be a useless collection of facts .
Marie Curie discovery of radium and polonium Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. We must not be afraid of the unknown. Once we understand something, there is no need to be afraid.
Thomas Alva Edison invention of light bulbs Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Great thoughts and ideas are the result of hard work, not sudden spurts of “inspiration”.
Alfred North Whitehead It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious. Most of us do not question the things we take for granted. Great scientists are enormously curious and tend to ask questions that others would never think of.
Galileo Galilei You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself. There is a big difference between learning and teaching.
2. Read the quotes,
What do they mean? Do you agree?
3. Discussion
Any other great scientists and their contributions?
Any other quotes about science and thinking?
4. What makes a scientist successful?
（creative, hard-working, curious, careful, confident）
II. Listening
1. Ask the students to guess the names of three well-known scientists.
2. Ask the students to write a brief paragraph about themselves.
III. Speaking
1. Warming-up
Give my own point of view towards a language and try to get the students to express their ideas and debate with them.
I think that English is the most important language in the world. What do you think?
2. Go through the useful expressions on P2.
Teach them to use these expressions in the dabate.
3. Divide the class into groups of 4. Each group discusses one branch of science. Make
some notes if necessary.
Why do you think … is the most important and useful to society?
4. Language points
1) undertake: To take upon oneself; decide or agree to do 著手作;從事自己承辦;決定或同意去作
eg. undertake a task 開始進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)任務(wù)
2) analysis: 分析；分解
eg. chemical analysis 化學(xué)分析 an analysis of the milk 對牛奶的分析
The analysis of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police.對謀殺現(xiàn)場標(biāo)本的分析為警察提供了一些有價(jià)值的線索。
3) obvious: easily perceived or understood; quite apparent.
明顯的容易感到或理解的;十分明顯的
eg. It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明顯，她挺聰明。
Indeed, there are many obvious advantages to a five-day week.
的確,實(shí)行五天工作制有許多明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
4) within: in or into the inner part; inside. 在…之內(nèi)在或進(jìn)入里面；在內(nèi)部
inside the mind, heart, or soul; inwardly在里面,在心中在內(nèi)心、靈魂或思想中
eg. within doors在屋內(nèi)
within oneself在心里
within five days五天之內(nèi)
remain within reach (call, hearing, sight)留在附近(叫得應(yīng), 聽得見, 看得到的地方)
live within one's income量入為出
keep it within bounds保持在限制范圍內(nèi)
5) branch: a secondary woody stem or limb growing from the trunk or main stem of a
tree or shrub or from another secondary limb
a division of a business or other organization支部,支局商行或組織的分支
eg. the various branches of learning各門學(xué)科
a Party branch黨支部
branch store分店
The company's head office is in the city, but it has branches all over the country.
公司的總部在這個(gè)城市，但它的分公司遍布全國各地。
6) debate: a discussion involving opposing points; an argument.辯論關(guān)于相反觀點(diǎn)的討論;爭辯
to engage in argument by discussing opposing points辯論(通過討論對立的觀點(diǎn))
eg. beyond debate無疑義, 無可爭辯討論, 爭論, 辯論
Congressional debate國會(huì)辯論記錄文件(美政府出版物)
hold debate with oneself獨(dú)自考慮
the debates (議會(huì)的)討論報(bào)告
debate upon a question 討論(問題)
The government is debating the education laws.政府正在就教育法進(jìn)行辯論。
7) mind: n. person who used his reasoning or intellectual powers well
eg. He’s one of the greatest minds of the age.他是當(dāng)代最有才智的人。
8) on fire (for sth.)：burning with emotion, passion or sensation
IV. Homework
Student’s Sheet
Warming up Unit 1 Book II
Name _____ Class ___ Number __
Science
Science
Period 2 (Unit 1 BII) Reading
I. Pre-reading
Read the passage and answer the three questions above the text.
Teach students how to scan a text for information.
II. Reading
1. Read the passage and answer some questions.
What did Stephen Hawking do when he was told that he had an incurable disease?
He didn’t expect to survive that long.
How would most people fell when they were told that they had incurable disease?
They would probably feel very sad and give up dreams and hopes for the future.
What did Hawking write in 1988?
He wrote A Brief History of Time.
What did Hawking explain in the book?
He explained both what it means to be a scientist and how science works.
According to Hawking, how do people misunderstand science?
People often think that science is about “true” facts that never change.
What are the basic steps of the scientific method?
Observe what you are interested in.
Explain what you have seen. -Build a theory about the way in which things happen and the causes and the effects.
Test the theory. - See if it matches what they have seen and if it can predict future events.
What is it that Hawking doesn’t like about his speech computer?
The computer gives him an American accent.
2. Read the passage aloud.
III. Post-reading
Group work Ex. 3 on P4
How to use the scientific methods to solve the following problems?
IV. Language points
1. point: essential meaning, main feature (of a story, joke, remark, etc.); reason; purpose; value 中心意思；重點(diǎn)；理由；目的；價(jià)值
eg. get , see, miss, understand the point of sth. 明白，了解，不明白，理解某事的中心意思
There is not much point in complaining; they never take any notice. 埋怨也沒用，人家根本不理睬。
# the point: the matter under discussion; the essential thing 談?wù)摰氖�；要點(diǎn)；核心問題
eg. Let’s stop discussing trivial details and come / get to the point.咱們別談瑣碎細(xì)節(jié)了，說正事吧。
The point (at issue) is this …. 問題的要點(diǎn)是這樣的…。
2. go by：(of time) pass; elapse
eg. As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.
The weeks went slowly by.
3. that/ this: adv. to this extent; so 這么到這個(gè)程度；這么：
eg. Never stayed out this late. 別再在外面呆這么晚
You can have this much. 你能得到的就這么多。
I like him but not all that much. 我喜歡他，但遠(yuǎn)不是那么著迷。
4. engage ( to sb.): (of a person or two people) having agreed to marry
eg. Did you hear that Mike and Kate had just got engaged?
I like him but not all that much, so I don’t want to get engaged to him.
an engaged couple
# engaged: adj. (usu. pre) (of a person) busy; occupied (of a telephone line) in use
eg. I can’t come to dinner tonight; I’m otherwise engaged. 我今晚不能來吃飯，我有別的事。
Sorry! That number’s engaged.
the engaged tone/signal
5. go on with sth.: continue an activity, esp. after a pause or a break 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行某事
eg. He paused to take a sip of water, and then went on with his talk.他停下來呷了一口水，然后繼續(xù)他的發(fā)言。
If we don’t finish painting the kitchen today, we can go on with it tomorrow. 如果今天廚房粉刷不完，我們明天可以接著干。
6. Nor …: used with aux vs and modal vs, with the subject following the v
與助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，句中主語與動(dòng)詞倒置
and … not … either 也不
eg. He can’t see, nor could he hear until a month ago.
She isn’t rich; nor do I imagine that she ever will be.她現(xiàn)在不富，我看她將來也富不了。
Nor am I aware that anyone else knows the secret. 我也不知道別人誰還能知道這個(gè)秘密。
7. dream of/about (doing) sth. / dream that …: experience sth. in a dream; imagine sth.
eg. I dreamt about flying last night.
I have never promised you a bike: you must be dreaming.
He dreams of one day becoming a famous scientist.
I never dreamt that I’d see you again. 我絕沒想到我會(huì)再見到你。
8. give lectures - have /attend lectures
9. in the early / middle / late 1970s
10. seek (after/for sth.): look (for sth.); try to find or obtain sth. 尋找；找到或得到
seek sth (from sb.) : ask sb. for sth. 向某人尋求某事
eg. seek happiness, comfort, welth
seek shelter from the rain
You must seek permission from the manager.
Young graduates seek (after ) success in life.
11. nature: the natural or real aspect of a person, place, or thing 本性;人、地方或事的自然或真實(shí)的一面
eg. human nature 人性
by nature 本性, 天生, 就其本性而言
12. on the other hand
13. turn out to be / turn out that : prove to be sb./sth.; come to be known that 證明是某人/某物；原來是
eg. The rookie turned out to be the best hitter on the team.新手證明是隊(duì)里最出色的擊球員
She turned out to be a friend of my sister’s.
It turned out that she was a friend of my sister’s.
14. match: combine well with sth. esp. in colour; be equal to
eg. These curtains and the carpets match perfectly. 窗簾和地毯很協(xié)調(diào)。
a well-matched couple 很匹配的一對
No one can match her at chess. 象棋上沒人比得上她。
15. be happy with sth.
V. Homework
Student’s Sheet
Useful Words & Expressions (W-L-S-R) Unit 1 B II
Name _____ Class ___ Number __
1. undertake: to take upon oneself; decide or agree to do 著手作;從事自己承辦
eg. undertake a task ____________
2. analysis: 分析；分解
eg. chemical analysis ____________
The analysis of the samples on the murder spot showed some valuable clues to the police. _______________________________________________________________________
3. obvious: easily perceived or understood; quite apparent.明顯的容易感到或理解的
eg. ___________________________________________ 很明顯，她挺聰明。
Indeed, ____________________________ to a five-day week.
的確,實(shí)行五天工作制有許多明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
4. within: in or into the inner part; inside. 在…之內(nèi)在或進(jìn)入里面；在內(nèi)部
eg. within doors__________________ within oneself______________
_____________ 五天之內(nèi)
remain within reach (call, hearing, sight)_____________________________________
5. branch: a secondary woody stem or limb growing from the trunk or main stem of a tree
a division of a business or other organization支部,支局商行或組織的分支
eg. a Party branch________________ a branch store___________
__________________________________________________________________
公司的總部在這個(gè)城市，但它的分公司遍布全國各地。
6. point: essential meaning, main feature (of a story, joke, remark, etc.); reason; purpose; value 中心意思；重點(diǎn)；理由；目的；價(jià)值
eg. get / see/ miss / understand the point of sth. ____________________________________
There is not much point in complaining; they never take any notice. ___________________________________________________________________
Let’s stop discussing trivial details and come / get to the point.______________________
7. go by：(of time) pass; elapse
eg. As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse. _______________________________
____________________________________ 這一周過的真慢。
8. that/ this: adv. to this extent; so
eg. Never ____________________________. 別再在外面呆這么晚
__________________________________. 你能得到的就那么多。
9. engage ( to sb.): (of a person or two people) having agreed to marry
eg. _______________________________________________ 你聽說了Kate 和Mike剛剛訂婚了嗎？
I like him but not all that much, so I don’t want to get engaged to him.______________
# engaged: (of a person) busy; occupied ； (of a telephone line) in use
eg. ____________________________________________我今晚不能來吃飯，我有別的事。
Sorry! That number’s engaged. ______________________________________
10. go on with sth.: continue an activity, esp. after a pause or a break 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行某事
eg. He paused to take a sip of water, ______________________________.
他停下來呷了一口水，然后繼續(xù)他的發(fā)言。
If we don’t ________________ the kitchen today, _____________________________.
如果今天廚房粉刷不完，我們明天可以接著干。
11. Nor …:(與助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，句中主語與動(dòng)詞倒置) and … not … either 也不
eg. She isn’t rich; nor do I imagine that she ever will be.____________________________
____________________________________ 我也不知道她是否知道這個(gè)秘密。
12. dream of/about (doing) sth. / dream that …: experience sth. in a dream; imagine sth.
eg. I have never promised you a bike: you must be dreaming. _______________________
_______________________________________她夢想有一天成為一個(gè)科學(xué)家。
13. turn out to be / it turns out that : prove to be sb./sth.; come to be known that 證明是某人/某物；原來是
eg. 她原來是我姐姐的朋友。
She ________________________________________
It __________________________________________
14. More phrases
1) great mind
2) be on fire for sth.
3) within oneself
4) in the early / middle / late 1970s
5) on the other hand
6) build a theory
7) the causes and the effects
8) be happy with
9) use up
10) take measures to do sth.
11) crime scene
12) second-hand cars
13) come true
14) get a PhD
Period 3 (Unit 1 BII) Language Study
I. Word study
1. Finish the exercise.
2. Some words
1) seek
2) use sth. up: a) use (material, etc.) until no more is left; find a ise for (remaining material or time) 用盡，設(shè)法利用
b) exhaust or tire sth. out 耗盡，使衰竭
eg. I’ve used up all the glue.
She used up the chicken bones to make soup.
use up all one’s strength, energy, etc. 耗盡體力，精力等
3) Law of Gravity
4) predict
5) take measures: take action to achieve a purpose
eg. The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud. 當(dāng)局已采取措施防止偷稅漏稅。
The government has suggested measures to reduce crime.政府已提出遏制犯罪活動(dòng)的法令。
7) observe
8) match
9) crime scene
II. Grammar The Infinitive
1. Form
Active Voice Passive Voice
Present Infinitive to do to be done
Present Continuous Infinitive to be doing
Perfect Infinitive to have done to have been done
Perfect Continuous Infinitive to have been doing
2. Uses of infinitive
1) the subject
eg. It’s hard to be a scientist.
2) the attribute
eg. Do you have any questions to ask?
3) the predicative
eg. What I want to do now is to take a look at this house.
4) the object
eg. I want to observe the experiment.
5) the adverbial
eg. In order to get a job, he has to get a PhD.
3. Exx. 1-4 P5-6
4. Consolidation
A． Point out the uses of infinitives in the following sentences.
1) It is difficult to describe the universe.
2) They want to build a theory to explain the movement.
3) I find it difficult to work on my PhD.
4) My job today is to get these cars washed.
B． Translate the following into English.
1) 我發(fā)覺《時(shí)間簡史》很難懂。你有什么簡單一點(diǎn)的書可推薦嗎？
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2) 我弟弟常上網(wǎng)查資料。
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3）你要做的就是遵守這些規(guī)則。
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4）他正期望著被邀請參加Kate的生日聚會(huì)。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Student’s Sheet
Grammar Unit 1 B II
Name _____ Class ___ Number __
The Infinitive
1. Form
Active Voice Passive Voice
Present Infinitive
Present Continuous Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Perfect Continuous Infinitive
2. Uses of infinitive
1) used as _____________
eg. It’s hard to be a scientist.
2) used as _____________
eg. Do you have any questions to ask?
3) used as _____________
eg. What I want to do now is to take a look at this house.
4) used as _____________
eg. I want to observe the experiment.
5) used as _____________
eg. In order to get a job, he has to get a PhD.
3. Exercises
A． Point out the uses of infinitives in the following sentences.
1) It is difficult to describe the universe.
2) They want to build a theory to explain the movement.
3) I find it difficult to work on my PhD.
4) My job today is to get these cars washed.
B． Translate the following into English.
1) 我發(fā)覺《時(shí)間簡史》很難懂。你有什么簡單一點(diǎn)的書可推薦嗎？
_______________________________________________________________________________
2) 我弟弟常上網(wǎng)查資料。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3）你要做的就是遵守這些規(guī)則。
_______________________________________________________________________________
4）他正期望著被邀請參加Kate的生日聚會(huì)。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Period 4 (Unit 1 BII) Integrating Skills
I. Reading
1. Read the text together.
“What do great thinkers and scientists have in common? Take Galileo and Zhang Heng for example. ”
They were both curious and were never satisfied with simple answers.
2. Discuss the questions below the text.
3. Language points
1) what if: what would happen if?
eg. What if it rains when we can’t get under shelter?
What if the rumour is true? 萬一謠傳真有其事在怎么辦？
2) be described / recognized / known as …
3) as: a fact which 為…之事實(shí)
eg. China, as you know, is a country with the largest number of the world.
The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 你們這樣年紀(jì)的人大多還記得，披頭士樂隊(duì)吧，他們是利物浦人。
4) Only
eg. Only in this way can I get a ticket.
Only Kate do I want to see.
5）some phrases
learn from
be satisfied with
take a look at
from season to season
believe in
reach one’s goal
II. Writing A descriptive essay
1. Outline of a descriptive essay
Introduction : Introduce the scientists and provide important biographical information
Xx is/was …… / famouse for……
Supporting Paragraph(s) : The most important or interesting facts about him/her.
The reason why you admire him/her.
What did he do?
How did people react to his discoveries?
Why was he/she a great scientist?
Conclusion : Summarize details, restate the main idea.
Xx is my favourite scientist because ……
2. Sample writing
The Chinese astronomer and geographer Zhang Heng lived fron AD 78 to 139. During his life, he studies many fields of science. He is perhaps most famous for his seismograph, but he made many other important discoveries and was also an artist. I admire him because he made great contributions to science and society and because he was good at so many different things.
Zhang Heng made maps and models of the stars in the sky. By describing and explaining what he had observed, he was able to show hoe the stars move during the seasons. He was interested in everything around him and loved to think, write and draw pictures of what he saw. When he first introduced his seismograph, people laughed at him. Fortunately, he didn’t give up. Instead, e went on to make new discoveries and teach us about the universe.
Zhang Heng is my favourite scientist because he makes me want to find out more about the world. In my opinion, a great scientist is a person who can inspire others and get them to share the same sense of curiosity and wonder. I admire him because he had taught me to understand the importance of asking questions.
3. Ask the students to write one on the student’s sheet.
Student’s Sheet
Writing: A Descriptive Essay Unit 1 B II
Name _____ Class ___ Number __
1. Outline of a descriptive essay
Introduction : Introduce the scientists and provide important biographical information
Xx is/was …… / famouse for……
Supporting Paragraph(s) : The most important or interesting facts about him/her.
The reason why you admire him/her.
What did he do?
How did people react to his discoveries?
Why was he/she a great scientist?
Conclusion : Summarize details, restate the main idea.
Xx is my favourite scientist because ……
2. Sample writing
The Chinese astronomer and geographer Zhang Heng lived fron AD 78 to 139. During his life, he studies many fields of science. He is perhaps most famous for his seismograph, but he made many other important discoveries and was also an artist. I admire him because he made great contributions to science and society and because he was good at so many different things.
Zhang Heng made maps and models of the stars in the sky. By describing and explaining what he had observed, he was able to show hoe the stars move during the seasons. He was interested in everything around him and loved to think, write and draw pictures of what he saw. When he first introduced his seismograph, people laughed at him. Fortunately, he didn’t give up. Instead, e went on to make new discoveries and teach us about the universe.
Zhang Heng is my favourite scientist because he makes me want to find out more about the world. In my opinion, a great scientist is a person who can inspire others and get them to share the same sense of curiosity and wonder. I admire him because he had taught me to understand the importance of asking questions.
3. Your writing
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